O uso de etanol combustível no Brasil é hoje considerado o mais importante programa de combustível comercial renovável do mundo, sendo um potencial substituto aos derivados de petróleo. O aumento de rendimento fermentativo e a diminuição das perdas são objetivos de estudo em diversos centros de pesquisa, sendo o estudo da modelagem matemática e simulação do processo de grande importância para tal. A presente pesquisa apresenta como função identificar um modelo matemático para a linhagem isolada de Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2, de maneira a otimizar a maneira como é realizada a sua alimentação através de um controle H∞ por representação quasi-LPV. São realizados 9 ensaios de fermentação em 3 temperaturas distintas sob mesmas condições de concentração de substrato entrante. Após a finalização dos experimentos e análises, realiza-se a estimativa dos parâmetros componentes das equações diferenciais que modelam a cinética fermentativa, através de um algoritmo Quasi-Newton. De posse do modelo matemático, desenvolve-se um controle otimizado para a temperatura de 33ºC (temperatura usual de controle no processo industrial), considerando os parâmetros \"s\" e \"v\" variantes no tempo e os parâmetros x = 150 g/L e p = 70 g/L fixados, sendo valores médios obtidos durante o experimento. A utilização do controle desenvolvido possibilita um aumento de produtividade na faixa de 10% com relação a alimentação realizada em laboratório. Os resultados finais comprovam a eficiência do modelo matemático desenvolvido, comparado a outros estudos semelhantes, a influência da temperatura nos parâmetros cinéticos e a possibilidade de otimizar o processo através de um controle avançado do processo. / The use of ethanol in Brazil is considered the most important commercial renewable fuel program in the world, with a potential substitute for oil products. The increase in fermentation yield and losses reduction are objectives of study in various research centers, where the study of mathematical modeling and simulation of the process is of significant importance. This research presents as function to identify a mathematical model for the isolated strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae PE-2, in order to optimize the way their substrate is fed, through a H∞ control based on quasi-LPV representation. Nine fermentation tests are performed at three different temperatures under the same conditions for incoming substrate concentration. After the experiments and analysis, it is carried out the estimation of parameters which are components of the differential equations that explain the fermentation kinetics, through a Quasi-Newton algorithm. With the mathematical model obtained, it is developed an optimal control for temperature 33°C (usual temperature control in the industrial process), considering the parameters \"s\" e \"v\" variyng in time and the parameters x = 150 g/L e p = 70 g/L set, which are average values obtained over the tests. The use of the control developed, applied to the flow variation, allows increasing productivity in 10% when compared with the flow performed in the tests conditions. The final results demonstrated the efficacy of the developed mathematical model, compared to other similar studies, the influence of temperature on the kinetic parameters and the possibility to optimize the process through an advanced process control.

Orientador: Alberto Luiz Serpa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T12:10:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CanahuireCabello_RuthVanessa_D.pdf: 5994310 bytes, checksum: 0f754dbcbe2bce27101f33806ca7f190 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: A síntese de controle H-infinito de estruturas flexíveis pode levar à obtenção de controladores de alta ordem. Estes controladores podem apresentar dificuldades para a implementação prática acarretando atrasos de resposta no sistema. Para evitar esse problema, este trabalho apresenta duas sínteses de controladores H-infinito de ordem reduzida por realimentação de saída. Para este propósito, são formulados dois problemas de otimização para a obtenção de controladores de ordem reduzida considerando que as matrizes de estado do controlador estão na forma canônica controlável e canônica modal. As duas sínteses propostas estão baseadas na minimização da norma H-infinito garantindo a estabilidade do sistema em malha fechada. Outro problema considerado neste trabalho são os efeitos de saturação dos atuadores sobre o sistema controlado. A saturação, quando presente no sistema, pode levar a uma perda de desempenho e as vezes à instabilidade da planta. Para tratar o problema de saturação é proposto um problema de otimização baseado no projeto de compensadores anti-windup. A abordagem proposta usa a síntese do problema H-infinito para minimizar diretamente os efeitos do sinal de saturação sobre o sinal de desempenho. Finalmente, as formulações são verificadas no controle ativo de vibração sobre um modelo teórico e em uma bancada experimental com uma viga de alumínio engastada-livre. Os métodos mostraram ter bom desempenho garantindo a estabilidade do sistema em malha fechada. Os problemas de otimização são resolvidos usando algoritmos genéticos e alguns aspectos numéricos são discutidos / Abstract: The H-infinity controller synthesis for flexible structures leads to full-order controllers. This can represent difficulties for practical controller implementation arising delay in the system response. To avoid this difficulty, this work presents two reduced order H-infinity controllers synthesis based on output feedback. For this goal, it is formulated two optimization problem to obtain a reduced order controller in its state-space controllable canonical form and state-space modal canonical form. The two proposed synthesis are based on the minimization of the H-infinity norm ensuring the stability of the closed loop system. Another problem considered in this work is related to the effects of saturation of the actuators on the controlled system. The saturation in the system can lead to a performance loss and occasionally to the instability of the plant. An optimization problem based on anti-windup compensator design is proposed to treat this problem. The proposed approach uses the H-infinity controller synthesis to minimize directly the saturation effects on the performance signal. Finally, the formulations are verified in the active control of vibration of a theoretical model and a cantilever aluminium beam is used on an experimental bench. The methods proposed presented good performance in terms of the stability of the closed loop system. The optimization problems are solved using genetic algorithms and some numerical aspects are discussed / Doutorado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Doutora em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Alberto Luiz Serpa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica. / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T02:31:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Mourao_KellenTazianiFernandes_M.pdf: 2493356 bytes, checksum: 4d9ad466fb48ec6e3f81311c9fd467b1 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Neste trabalho foi utilizado o controle H'infinito' para atenuar vibrações em estruturas mecânicas. São utilizadas desigualdades matriciais lineares para encontrar o controlador ótimo. Sensores e atuadores são incorporados ao projeto e para determinar o melhor local onde devem ser fixados na estrutura são utilizadas duas metodologias: uma pela menor norma H'infinito' de malha fechada e a outra pela maior norma H''infinito' de malha aberta. Para modelar a estrutura a ser controlada é usado o método de elementos finitos. Após determinadas as posições ótimas para alocar sensores e atuadores, foram projetados controladores H''infinito' com filtros de ponderação escolhidos via algoritmos genéticos. Para projetar o controlador H'infinito' utilizou-se o modelo reduzido da planta, desconsiderando os modos residuais. São escolhidos filtros de ponderação via algoritmos genéticos para determinar as faixas de frequência de interesse com o intuito de projetar um controlador menos conservador e evitar o fenômeno de spillover, e consequentemente, que a malha fechada se torne instável. Os exemplos de aplicação foram realizados sobre uma estrutura flexível do tipo viga. Os resultados mostraram que os controladores projetados, após o posicionamento ótimo de sensores e atuadores e escolhidas das funções de ponderação via algoritmos genéticos, minimizaram a amplitude de vibração da estrutura garantindo a estabilidade do sistema / Abstract: In this work it was used the H'infinite' control to atenuate vibrations in mechanical structures. Linear matrix inequalities are used to find the optimal controller. Sensors and actuators are incorporated into the project. To determine the best place to allocate them in the structure two methods are used: the first is based on the highest closed-loop H'infinite' norm and the second is based on the lowest open-loop H'infinite' norm. The structure to be controlled was modeled through the finite element method. After determining the optimal placement to allocate sensors and actuators, the loop was closed and H'infinite' controllers were designed with weighting filters that were chosen via genetic algorithms for both cases of positioning. To design the H'infinite' controller, a reduced model of the plant was used, disregarding the residual modes. Weighting filters are found through genetic algorithms to determine the frequency bands of interest in order to design a controller with less conservatism and avoiding the phenomenon of spillover, and consequently, unstable closed loop. The application examples were based in a flexible beam structure. The results showed that the designed controllers, after the optimal placement of sensors and actuators and choosing the best parameters for the weighting functions, minimized the amplitude of vibration of the structure, ensuring system stability / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Pour saisir l’importance et le champ d’action du hasard dans la poésie mallarméenne, nous allons procéder selon une démarche triple, recomposer l’histoire politique, poétique et philosophique qui a rendu possible l’apparition et l’instauration du hasard comme événement, à la fois révolutionnaire, créateur et conceptuel. À partir de Baudelaire, la poésie chante les révolutions échouées, mais pour maintenir vivant le désir d’un monde différent. Le hasard dans ce contexte est d’abord l’irruption imprévisible, fulgurante et éphémère d’un désir qui ne trouve pas un espace propre à l’intérieur de la vie sociale, Pour maintenir vivant et vivace le rêve d’un monde différent, la poésie doit : fournir la preuve que son action, tout en étant restreinte, compte ; faire durer un hasard voué à l’évanouissement, en constituant un espace où il puisse demeurer, se multiplier et ainsi retrouver la consistance qui le fera durer. Faire durer le hasard à l’origine de toute nouveauté, c’est la tâche que Mallarmé attribue à sa poésie. Sur le plan philosophique, cette démarche requiert une critique radicale de la raison et de la représentation. Dans ce contexte, Mallarmé a non seulement annoncé le hasard, mais il a cherché à découvrir la logique de ce qui échappe à la raison en composant une oeuvre capable de rendre réel, visible et intelligible, la puissance imprévisible et inépuisable que le hasard enserre. / The purpose of this work is to comprehend the importance and scope of chance in the poetry of Mallarmé. In order to do that, we will proceed according to a three-pronged approach; recompose the political, poetic and philosophical context that made possible the emergence and establishment of chance as an event both revolutionary, creative and conceptual. Since Baudelaire, poetry sings the failed revolutions, but willing to preserve the desire for a different world. Chance in this context is the unpredictable bursts, lightning and transient of a desire that can not find its place within the social life, to keep alive and vivid the dream of a different world, poetry must: provide evidence that its action, even restricted, counts; make last chance doomed to fade, constituting a space where it can remain, multiply itself and thus find the consistency to remain. Prolonging a contingency that creates novelty is the task that Mallarmé attributes to his poetry. Philosophically, this approach requires a radical critique of reason and representation. In this context, Mallarmé has not only announced chance, but he sought to discover the logic of what escapes from reason composing a work capable of making real, visible and intelligible, the unpredictable and inexhaustible power that chance grips.

No description available.

Recent research has indicated that the pupil diameter (PD) in humans varies with their affective states. However, this signal has not been fully investigated for affective sensing purposes in human-computer interaction systems. This may be due to the dominant separate effect of the pupillary light reflex (PLR), which shrinks the pupil when light intensity increases. In this dissertation, an adaptive interference canceller (AIC) system using the H∞ time-varying (HITV) adaptive algorithm was developed to minimize the impact of the PLR on the measured pupil diameter signal. The modified pupil diameter (MPD) signal, obtained from the AIC was expected to reflect primarily the pupillary affective responses (PAR) of the subject. Additional manipulations of the AIC output resulted in a processed MPD (PMPD) signal, from which a classification feature, PMPDmean, was extracted. This feature was used to train and test a support vector machine (SVM), for the identification of stress states in the subject from whom the pupil diameter signal was recorded, achieving an accuracy rate of 77.78%. The advantages of affective recognition through the PD signal were verified by comparatively investigating the classification of stress and relaxation states through features derived from the simultaneously recorded galvanic skin response (GSR) and blood volume pulse (BVP) signals, with and without the PD feature. The discriminating potential of each individual feature extracted from GSR, BVP and PD was studied by analysis of its receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The ROC curve found for the PMPDmean feature encompassed the largest area (0.8546) of all the single-feature ROCs investigated. The encouraging results seen in affective sensing based on pupil diameter monitoring were obtained in spite of intermittent illumination increases purposely introduced during the experiments. Therefore, these results confirmed the benefits of using the AIC implementation with the HITV adaptive algorithm to isolate the PAR and the potential of using PD monitoring to sense the evolving affective states of a computer user.

Dans cette thèse nous rappelons la notion de L-algèbre, qui a pour objet d'être un modèle algébrique des types d'homotopie. L'objectif principal de cette thèse est la description d'une structure de E-infini-coalgèbre sur l'élément principal d'une L-algèbre. Ceci peut être vu comme une généralisation de la structure de E-infini-coalgèbre sur le complexe des chaînes d'un ensemble simplicial, telle que décrite par Smith dans Iterating the cobar construction, 1994. Nous construisons une E-infini-opérade, notée K, utilisée pour construire la E-infini-coalgèbre sur l'élément principal d'une L-algèbre. Cette structure de E-infini-coalgèbre montre que la L-algèbre canoniquement associée à un ensemble simplicial contient au moins autant d'information homotopique que la E-infini-coalgèbre couramment associée à un ensemble simplicial / In this thesis we recall the notion of L-algebra. L-algebras are intended as algebraic models for homotopy types. L-algebras were introduced by Alain Prouté in several talks since the eighties. The principal objective of this thesis is the description of an E-infinity-coalgebra structure on the main element of an L-algebra. This can be seen as a generalization of the E-infinity-coalgebra structure on the chain complex associated to a simplicial set given by Smith in Iterating the cobar construction, 1994. We construct an E-inifity-operad, denoted K, used to construct the E-inifity-coalgebra on the main element of a L-algebra. This E-inifity-coalgebra structure shows that the canonical L-algebra associated to a simplicial set contains at least as much homotopy information as the E-inifity-coalgebras usually associated to simplicial sets.

The purpose of this disertation is to introduce and demonstrate a new approach to robust control of AC electrical drives. The proposed robust control method takes advantage of a nonlinear nature of AC motor d-q equations to construct self-scheduled LPV stator current controller. The benefit of this approach is in maitaining the robustness without any increase in conservatism of the H infinity controller. The resulting controller achieves fast and consistent response in the entire range of operating speeds. Rejection of the load torque disturbance is achieved with nonparametric H infinity speed controller in the outter loop of the cascade structure. The combination of LPV current controller and H infinity speed controller was verified on real-time simulation platform dSPACE ds1103. Simulation results for both types of AC motors (PMSM and IM) shows that the proposed solution is not only robust with respect to operating speeds but also impervious to wide range of load disturbance values.

This paper presents the whole process of building up a high precision, high dynamical MEMS acceleration sensor. The first samples have achieved a resolution of better than 500 micro g and a bandwidth of more than 200 Hz. The sensor fabrication technology is shortly covered in the paper. A theoretical model is built from the physical principles of the complete sensor system, consisting of the MEMS sensor, the charge amplifier and the PWM driver for the sensor element. The mathematical modeling also covers problems during startup. A reduced order model of the entire system is used to design a robust control with the Mixed-Sensitivity H-infinity Approach. Since the system has an unstable pole, imposed by the electrostatic field and time delay, caused by A/D-D/A conversation delay and DSP computing time, limitations for the control design are given. The theoretical model might be inaccurate or lacks of completeness, because the parameters for the theoretical model building vary from sample to sample or might be not known. A new identification scheme for open or closed-loop operation is deployed to obtain directly from the samples the parameters of the mechanical system and the voltage dependent gains. The focus of this paper is the complete system development and identification process including practical tests in a DSP TI-TMS320C3000 environment.

Le mappe comomento omotopiche sono una generalizzazione della nozione di mappa momento introdotta al fine di estendere il concetto di azione hamiltoniana al contesto della geometria multisimplettica. L'obiettivo di questa tesi è fornire nuove costruzioni esplicite ed esempi concreti di azioni di gruppi di Lie su varietà multisimplettiche che ammettono delle mappe comomento. Il primo risultato è una classificazione completa delle azioni di gruppi compatti su sfere multisimplettiche. In questo caso, l'esistenza di mappe comomento omotopiche dipende dalla dimensione della sfera e dalla transitività dell'azione di gruppo. Il secondo risultato è la costruzione esplicita di un analogo multisimplettico dell’inclusione dell'algebra di Poisson di una varietà simplettica dentro il corrispondente algebroide di Lie twistato. E’ possibile dimostrare che questa inclusione soddisfa una relazione di compatibilità nel caso di varietà multisimplettiche gauge-correlate in presenza di un'azione di gruppo Hamiltoniana. Tale costruzione potrebbe giocare un ruolo nella formulazione di un analogo multisimplettico della procedura di quantizzazione geometrica. L’ultimo risultato è una costruzione concreta di una mappa comomento omotopica relativa all'azione multisimplettica del gruppo di diffeomorfismi che preservano la forma volume dello spazio Euclideo. Questa mappa ammette naturalmente un’interpretazione idrodinamica, nello specifico trasgredisce alla mappa comomento idrodinamica introdotta da Arnol'd, Marsden, Weinstein e altri. La mappa comomento così costruita può essere inoltre messa in relazione alla teoria dei nodi avvalendosi dell’approccio ai link nel formalismo dei vortici. Questo punto di apre la strada a un'interpretazione semiclassica del polinomio HOMFLYPT nel linguaggio della quantizzazione geometrica. / Homotopy comomentum maps are a higher generalization of the notion of moment map introduced to extend the concept of Hamiltonian actions to the framework of multisymplectic geometry. Loosely speaking, higher means passing from considering symplectic $2$-form to consider differential forms in higher degrees. The goal of this thesis is to provide new explicit constructions and concrete examples related to group actions on multisymplectic manifolds admitting homotopy comomentum maps. The first result is a complete classification of compact group actions on multisymplectic spheres. The existence of a homotopy comomentum maps pertaining to the latter depends on the dimension of the sphere and the transitivity of the group action. Several concrete examples of such actions are also provided. The second novel result is the explicit construction of the higher analogue of the embedding of the Poisson algebra of a given symplectic manifold into the corresponding twisted Lie algebroid. It is also proved a compatibility condition for such embedding for gauge-related multisymplectic manifolds in presence of a compatible Hamiltonian group action. The latter construction could play a role in determining the multisymplectic analogue of the geometric quantization procedure. Finally a concrete construction of a homotopy comomentum map for the action of the group of volume-preserving diffeomorphisms on the multisymplectic 3-dimensional Euclidean space is proposed. This map can be naturally related to hydrodynamics. For instance, it transgresses to the standard hydrodynamical co-momentum map of Arnol'd, Marsden and Weinstein and others. A slight generalization of this construction to a special class of Riemannian manifolds is also provided. The explicitly constructed homotopy comomentum map can be also related to knot theory by virtue of the aforementioned hydrodynamical interpretation. Namely, it allows for a reinterpretation of (higher-order) linking numbers in terms of multisymplectic conserved quantities. As an aside, it also paves the road for a semiclassical interpretation of the HOMFLYPT polynomial in the language of geometric quantization.