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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Análise estatística de curvas de crescimento sob o enfoque clássico e Bayesiano: aplicação à dados médicos e biológicos / Statistical analysis of growth curves under the classical and Bayesian approach: application to medical and biological data

Breno Raphael Gomes de Oliveira 16 February 2016 (has links)
Introdução: A curva de crescimento é um modelo empírico da evolução de uma quantidade ao longo do tempo. As curvas de crescimento são utilizadas em muitas disciplinas , em particular no domínio da estatística, onde há uma grande literatura sobre o assunto relacionado a modelos não lineares. Método:No desenvolvimento dessa dissertação de mestrado, foi realizado um estudo baseado em dados de crescimento nas áreas biológica e médica para comparar os dois tipos de inferência (Clássica e Bayesiana), na busca de melhores estimativas e resultados para modelos de regressão não lineares, especialmente considerando alguns modelos de crescimento introduzidos na literatura. No método Bayesiano para a modelagem não linear assumimos erros normais uma suposição usual e também distribuições estáveis para a variável resposta. Estudamos também alguns aspectos de robustez dos modelos de regressão não linear para a presença de outliers ou observações discordantes considerando o uso de distribuições estáveis para a resposta no lugar da suposição de normalidade habitual. Resultados e Conclusões: Análise dos dois exemplos pode-se observar melhores ajustes quando utilizada o método Bayesiano de ajustes de modelos não lineares de curvas de crescimento. É bem sabido que, em geral, não há nenhuma forma fechada para a função densidade de probabilidade de distribuições estáveis. No entanto, sob uma abordagem Bayesiana, a utilização de uma variável aleatória latente ou auxiliar proporciona uma simplificação para obter qualquer distribuição a posteriori quando relacionado com distribuições estáveis. Esses resultados poderiam ser de grande interesse para pesquisadores e profissionais, ao lidar com dados não Gauss. Para demonstrar a utilidade dos aspectos computacionais, a metodologia é aplicada a um exemplo relacionado com as curvas de crescimento intra-uterino para prematuros. Resumos a posteriori de interesse são obtidos utilizando métodos MCMC (Markov Chain Monte Carlo) e o software OpenBugs. / Introduction: The growth curve is an empirical model of the evolution of a quantity over time. Growth curves are used in many disciplines, particularly in the field of statistics, where there is a large literature on the subject related to nonlinear models. Method: In the development of this dissertation, a study based on data growth in biological areas and medical was conducted to compare two types of inferences (Classical and Bayesian), in search of better estimates and results for nonlinear regression models, especially considering some growth models introduced in the literature. The Bayesian method for nonlinear modeling assume normal errors an usual assumption and also stable distributions for the response variable. We also study some aspects of robustness of nonlinear regression models for the presence of outliers or discordant observations regarding the use of stable distributions to the response in place of the usual assumption of normality. Results and Conclusions: In the analysis of two examples it can be seen best results using Bayesian methodology for non linear models of growth curves. It is well known that, in general, there is no closed form for the probability density function of stable distributions. However, under a Bayesian approach, the use of a latent random variable or auxiliary variable provides a simplification to get every conditional posterior related to stable distributions. These results could be of great interest to researchers and practitioners when dealing with non-Gaussian data. To demonstrate the utility of the computational aspects, the methodology is also applied to an example related to intrauterine growth curves for premature infants. Posterior summaries of interest are obtained using MCMC methods (MCMC) and the OpenBugs software.
12

臺灣股票報酬率分配之實證研究 / An Empirical Study - The Distribution of Taiwan's Stock Returns

謝育萍, Hsieh Yu-Ping Unknown Date (has links)
本文主要目的在檢定臺灣股票報酬率是否為序列隨機;臺灣股票報酬率分 配是否符合常態分配、穩定分配。其中實證結果發現:拒絕臺灣股票報酬 率為序列隨機;拒絕臺灣股票報酬率分配呈常態分配、穩定分配。由於拒 絕臺灣股票報酬率為序列隨機,故將原資料隨機化後再次進行常態、穩定 分配之檢定、結果發現拒絕隨機化後之臺灣股票報酬率分配呈常態分配, 但不能拒絕隨機化後之臺灣股票報酬率分配呈穩定分配。
13

Study and application of methods of fractal processes monitoring in computer networks / Fraktalinių procesų kompiuterių tinkluose stebėsenos ir valdymo metodų tyrimas

Kaklauskas, Liudvikas 09 August 2012 (has links)
The field of the dissertation research is features of computer network packet traffic, the impact of network node features on traffic service, methods of real-time analysis of network traffic features and their application for dynamic prognostication of computer network packet traffic variance. The object of the research is the features of computer network packet traffic, the impact of network node features on computer network traffic service, methods of real-time network traffic features analysis and their application for dynamic prognostication of network traffic variances. The aim of work is to investigate fractal processes in computer networks, grounding on the results obtained to select methods suitable for real-time analysis of network traffic and to work out methods for real-time measurement of self-similarity as well as to apply it for perfection of computer networks service quality. Possibilities for mathematical modelling of network components, computer network packet traffic models and models using service theory instruments have been analysed. The package of network traffic features analysis has been worked out; it was used for analysis, assessment and comparison of methods for computer networks fractality and self-similarity research. For assessment of self-similarity of the network traffic time lines analysis, frequency/wave feature estimates, self-similarity analysis methods based on time line stability parameters estimators and assessed by the chaos theory... [to full text] / Disertacijos tyrimų sritis – kompiuterių tinklo paketinio srauto savybės, tinklo mazgo savybių įtaka srauto aptarnavimui, tinklo srauto savybių realaus laiku analizės metodai ir jų taikymas kompiuterių tinklo srauto kaitos dinaminiam prognozavimui. Tyrimų objektas – kompiuterių tinklo paketinio srauto savybės, tinklo mazgo savybių įtaka paketinio kompiuterių tinklo srauto aptarnavimui, realaus laiko tinklo srauto savybių analizės metodai ir jų taikymas tinklo srauto kaitos dinaminiam prognozavimui. Darbo tikslas – ištirti fraktalinius procesus kompiuterių tinkluose, remiantis gautais rezultatais parinkti metodus, tinkamus tinklo srauto analizei realiu laiku, ir sukurti savastingumo matavimo realiu laiku metodiką bei ją pritaikyti kompiuterių tinklų aptarnavimo kokybei gerinti. Išanalizuotos tinklo komponentų matematinio modeliavimo galimybės, kompiuterių tinklo paketinio srauto modeliai ir modeliai, naudojantys aptarnavimo teorijos instrumentus. Parengtas tinklo srauto savybių analizės paketas, panaudotas kompiuterių tinklų fraktališkumo ir savastingumo tyrimo metodams analizuoti, vertinti ir palyginti. Ištirti paketinio kompiuterių tinklo srauto laiko eilučių analizės, dažninių/banginių savybių įvertinimo, laiko eilutės stabilumo parametrų įverčiais grindžiami bei chaoso teorijos priemonėmis įvertinami savastingumo analizės metodai. Sudarytas tinklo srauto savastingumo realiu laiku analizės paketas, kurį naudojant savastingumo matavimui realiu laiku atrinktas robastinis... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
14

Modelos de risco de mercado com fat tail: análise empírica de value at risk and expected shortfall para ativos financeiros brasileiros

Santos, Marcelo Ferreira 08 February 2008 (has links)
Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T21:00:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3 marceloferreirasantos.pdf.jpg: 18994 bytes, checksum: 6ed4621da38fff28ddcbe493a614c144 (MD5) marceloferreirasantos.pdf: 594325 bytes, checksum: 5a8a7414557d37e5a6d7f21f9a190d47 (MD5) marceloferreirasantos.pdf.txt: 84863 bytes, checksum: 64ea5d2052e93075b4d3e1a6a2ff8b86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-08T00:00:00Z / The goal of this work was to show alternatives models to the traditional way of measuring market risk for Brazilian financial assets. In order to cover the maximum possible risk factors in Brazil, we have used the main proxies for Fixed Income products. In times of volatility, market risk management is highly criticized for working in models based on normal distribution. Here it is the best contribution of the VaR and also the greatest criticism of it. In addition, our financial market is characterized by extreme illiquidity in the secondary market in spite of certain governmental bonds. The first stage was to research academic production about the theme in Brazil or worldwide. To our surprise, little has been said in country about stable distribution applied to financial market, whether in risk management, options pricing, or portfolio management. After this step, we selected a set of variables to be used aiming to cover a large part of Brazilian financial assets. Thus, we were able to identify or not a presence of normality condition so that we could model risk measure, VaR and ES, for chosen assets. The theoretical and practical conditions were created: market demand (heavy criticisms of Gausian approach), ample selection of assets (in spite of eventual doubts about liquidity), academic experience, and international knowledge (by means of detailed and meticulous study of the production about the theme in the main circles). In this way, four principal approaches have been analyzed in order to calculate risk measures whether they be coherent or not. It is important to mention that this work might be useful for large initiatives, for example, those which incorporate several assets within linear risk portfolios or, even, for non-linear portfolios. / O objetivo deste trabalho foi mostrar modelagens alternativas à tradicional maneira de se apurar o risco de mercado para ativos financeiros brasileiros. Procurou-se cobrir o máximo possível de fatores de risco existentes no Brasil; para tanto utilizamos as principais proxies para instrumentos de Renda Fixa. Em momentos de volatilidade, o gerenciamento de risco de mercado é bastante criticado por trabalhar dentro de modelagens fundamentadas na distribuição normal. Aqui reside a maior contribuição do VaR e também a maior crítica a ele. Adicionado a isso, temos um mercado caracterizado pela extrema iliquidez no mercado secundário até mesmo em certos tipos de títulos públicos federais. O primeiro passo foi fazer um levantamento da produção acadêmica sobre o tema, seja no Brasil ou no mundo. Para a nossa surpresa, pouco, no nosso país, tem se falado em distribuições estáveis aplicadas ao mercado financeiro, seja em gerenciamento de risco, precificação de opções ou administração de carteiras. Após essa etapa, passamos a seleção das variáveis a serem utilizadas buscando cobrir uma grande parte dos ativos financeiros brasileiros. Assim, deveríamos identificar a presença ou não da condição de normalidade para, aí sim, realizarmos as modelagens das medidas de risco, VaR e ES, para os ativos escolhidos, As condições teóricas e práticas estavam criadas: demanda de mercado (crítica ao método gausiano bastante difundido), ampla cobertura de ativos (apesar do eventual questionamento da liquidez), experiência acadêmica e conhecimento internacional (por meio de detalhado e criterioso estudo da produção sobre o tema nos principais meios). Analisou-se, desta forma, quatro principais abordagens para o cálculo de medidas de risco sendo elas coerentes (ES) ou não (VaR). É importante mencionar que se trata de um trabalho que poderá servir de insumo inicial para trabalhos mais grandiosos, por exemplo, aqueles que incorporarem vários ativos dentro de uma carteira de riscos lineares ou, até mesmo, para ativos que apresentem risco não-direcionais.
15

Um modelo multivariado para predição de taxas e proporções dependentes

Assis, Alice Nascimento de, 92-99331-6592 09 March 2018 (has links)
Submitted by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T13:53:20Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) versaofinal.pdf: 8756608 bytes, checksum: e4b5f21e17776e8f9af04b6752317a59 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Divisão de Documentação/BC Biblioteca Central (ddbc@ufam.edu.br) on 2018-05-22T14:16:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) versaofinal.pdf: 8756608 bytes, checksum: e4b5f21e17776e8f9af04b6752317a59 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-22T14:16:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) versaofinal.pdf: 8756608 bytes, checksum: e4b5f21e17776e8f9af04b6752317a59 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-03-09 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Relative humidity interferes in many aspects in the life of the human being, and due to the many consequences that a low or a high percentage can entail, the control of its level is of paramount importance. Thus, the modeling of extreme situations of this variable can aid in the planning of human activities that are susceptible to their harmful effects, such as public health. The main interest is to predict, based on probability density functions applied to observed data, the values that may occur in a certain locality. The Generalized Distribution of Extreme Values has been widely used for this purpose and research using Time Series analysis of meteorological and climatic data. In this work, a statistical model is proposed for prediction of rates and temporal proportions and/or spatially dependents. The model was constructed by marginalizing the Kumaraswamy G-exponentialised distribution conditioned to a random field with positive alpha-stable distribution. Some properties of this model were presented, procedures for estimation and inference were discussed and an MCEM algorithm was developed to estimate the parameters. As a particular case, the model was used for spatial prediction of relative humidity in weather stations at Amazonas state, Brazil. / A umidade relativa interfere em vários aspectos na vida do ser humano, e devido as muitas consequências que um baixo ou um alto percentual podem acarretar, o controle de seu nível é de suma importância. Dessa forma, a modelagem de situações extremas dessa variável pode auxiliar no planejamento de atividades humanas que sejam suscetíveis aos seus efeitos danosos, como a saúde pública. O principal interesse é prever com base em funções densidade de probabilidade aplicadas aos dados observados, os valores que possam ocorrer em uma certa localidade. A distribuição Generalizada de Valores Extremos tem sido amplamente utilizada com essa finalidade e pesquisas utilizando análise de Séries Temporais de dados meteorológicos e climáticos. Neste trabalho, é proposto um modelo estatístico para predição de taxas e proporções temporais e/ou espacialmente dependentes. O modelo foi construído através da marginalização da distribuição Kumaraswamy G-exponencializada condicionada a um campo aleatório com distribuição alfaestável positivo. Algumas propriedades desse modelo foram apresentadas, procedimentos para estimação e inferência foram discutidos e um algoritmo MCEM foi desenvolvido parar estimar os parâmetros. Como um caso particular, o modelo foi utilizado para predição espacial da umidade relativa do ar observada nas estações meteorológicas do Estado do Amazonas.
16

Parameter Stability in Additive Normal Tempered Stable Processes for Equity Derivatives

Alcantara Martinez, Eduardo Alberto January 2023 (has links)
This thesis focuses on the parameter stability of additive normal tempered stable processes when calibrating a volatility surface. The studied processes arise as a generalization of Lévy normal tempered stable processes, and their main characteristic are their time-dependent parameters. The theoretical background of the subject is presented, where its construction is discussed taking as a starting point the definition of Lévy processes. The implementation of an option valuation model using Fourier techniques and the calibration process of the model are described. The thesis analyzes the parameter stability of the model when it calibrates the volatility surface of a market index (EURO STOXX 50) during three time spans. The time spans consist of the periods from Dec 2016 to Dec 2017 (after the Brexit and the US presidential elections), from Nov 2019 to Nov 2020 (during the pandemic caused by COVID-19) and a more recent time period, April 2023. The findings contribute to the understanding of the model itself and the behavior of the parameters under particular economic conditions.
17

Corrected LM goodness-of-fit tests with applicaton to stock returns

Percy, Edward Richard, Jr. 05 January 2006 (has links)
No description available.
18

Stress-Test Exercises and the Pricing of Very Long-Term Bonds

Dubecq, Simon 28 January 2013 (has links) (PDF)
In the first part of this thesis, we introduce a new methodology for stress-test exercises. Our approach allows to consider richer stress-test exercises, which assess the impact of a modification of the whole distribution of asset prices' factors, rather than focusing as the common practices on a single realization of these factors, and take into account the potential reaction to the shock of the portfolio manager. The second part of the thesis is devoted to the pricing of bonds with very long-term time-to-maturity (more than ten years). Modeling the volatility of very long-term rates is a challenge, due to the constraints put by no-arbitrage assumption. As a consequence, most of the no-arbitrage term structure models assume a constant limiting rate (of infinite maturity). The second chapter investigates the compatibility of the so-called "level" factor, whose variations have a uniform impact on the modeled yield curve, with the no-arbitrage assumptions. We introduce in the third chapter a new class of arbitrage-free term structure factor models, which allows the limiting rate to be stochastic, and present its empirical properties on a dataset of US T-Bonds.
19

Markovo grandinės Monte-Karlo metodo tyrimas ir taikymas / Study and application of Markov chain Monte Carlo method

Vaičiulytė, Ingrida 09 December 2014 (has links)
Disertacijoje nagrinėjami Markovo grandinės Monte-Karlo (MCMC) adaptavimo metodai, skirti efektyviems skaitiniams duomenų analizės sprendimų priėmimo su iš anksto nustatytu patikimumu algoritmams sudaryti. Suformuluoti ir išspręsti hierarchiniu būdu sudarytų daugiamačių skirstinių (asimetrinio t skirstinio, Puasono-Gauso modelio, stabiliojo simetrinio vektoriaus dėsnio) parametrų vertinimo uždaviniai. Adaptuotai MCMC procedūrai sukurti yra pritaikytas nuoseklaus Monte-Karlo imčių generavimo metodas, įvedant statistinį stabdymo kriterijų ir imties tūrio reguliavimą. Statistiniai uždaviniai išspręsti šiuo metodu leidžia atskleisti aktualias MCMC metodų skaitmeninimo problemų ypatybes. MCMC algoritmų efektyvumas tiriamas pasinaudojant disertacijoje sudarytu statistinio modeliavimo metodu. Atlikti eksperimentai su sportininkų duomenimis ir sveikatos industrijai priklausančių įmonių finansiniais duomenimis patvirtino, kad metodo skaitinės savybės atitinka teorinį modelį. Taip pat sukurti metodai ir algoritmai pritaikyti sociologinių duomenų analizės modeliui sudaryti. Atlikti tyrimai parodė, kad adaptuotas MCMC algoritmas leidžia gauti nagrinėjamų skirstinių parametrų įvertinius per mažesnį grandžių skaičių ir maždaug du kartus sumažinti skaičiavimų apimtį. Disertacijoje sukonstruoti algoritmai gali būti pritaikyti stochastinio pobūdžio sistemų tyrimui ir kitiems statistikos uždaviniams spręsti MCMC metodu. / Markov chain Monte Carlo adaptive methods by creating computationally effective algorithms for decision-making of data analysis with the given accuracy are analyzed in this dissertation. The tasks for estimation of parameters of the multivariate distributions which are constructed in hierarchical way (skew t distribution, Poisson-Gaussian model, stable symmetric vector law) are described and solved in this research. To create the adaptive MCMC procedure, the sequential generating method is applied for Monte Carlo samples, introducing rules for statistical termination and for sample size regulation of Markov chains. Statistical tasks, solved by this method, reveal characteristics of relevant computational problems including MCMC method. Effectiveness of the MCMC algorithms is analyzed by statistical modeling method, constructed in the dissertation. Tests made with sportsmen data and financial data of enterprises, belonging to health-care industry, confirmed that numerical properties of the method correspond to the theoretical model. The methods and algorithms created also are applied to construct the model for sociological data analysis. Tests of algorithms have shown that adaptive MCMC algorithm allows to obtain estimators of examined distribution parameters in lower number of chains, and reducing the volume of calculations approximately two times. The algorithms created in this dissertation can be used to test the systems of stochastic type and to solve other statistical... [to full text]
20

Study and application of Markov chain Monte Carlo method / Markovo grandinės Monte-Karlo metodo tyrimas ir taikymas

Vaičiulytė, Ingrida 09 December 2014 (has links)
Markov chain Monte Carlo adaptive methods by creating computationally effective algorithms for decision-making of data analysis with the given accuracy are analyzed in this dissertation. The tasks for estimation of parameters of the multivariate distributions which are constructed in hierarchical way (skew t distribution, Poisson-Gaussian model, stable symmetric vector law) are described and solved in this research. To create the adaptive MCMC procedure, the sequential generating method is applied for Monte Carlo samples, introducing rules for statistical termination and for sample size regulation of Markov chains. Statistical tasks, solved by this method, reveal characteristics of relevant computational problems including MCMC method. Effectiveness of the MCMC algorithms is analyzed by statistical modeling method, constructed in the dissertation. Tests made with sportsmen data and financial data of enterprises, belonging to health-care industry, confirmed that numerical properties of the method correspond to the theoretical model. The methods and algorithms created also are applied to construct the model for sociological data analysis. Tests of algorithms have shown that adaptive MCMC algorithm allows to obtain estimators of examined distribution parameters in lower number of chains, and reducing the volume of calculations approximately two times. The algorithms created in this dissertation can be used to test the systems of stochastic type and to solve other statistical... [to full text] / Disertacijoje nagrinėjami Markovo grandinės Monte-Karlo (MCMC) adaptavimo metodai, skirti efektyviems skaitiniams duomenų analizės sprendimų priėmimo su iš anksto nustatytu patikimumu algoritmams sudaryti. Suformuluoti ir išspręsti hierarchiniu būdu sudarytų daugiamačių skirstinių (asimetrinio t skirstinio, Puasono-Gauso modelio, stabiliojo simetrinio vektoriaus dėsnio) parametrų vertinimo uždaviniai. Adaptuotai MCMC procedūrai sukurti yra pritaikytas nuoseklaus Monte-Karlo imčių generavimo metodas, įvedant statistinį stabdymo kriterijų ir imties tūrio reguliavimą. Statistiniai uždaviniai išspręsti šiuo metodu leidžia atskleisti aktualias MCMC metodų skaitmeninimo problemų ypatybes. MCMC algoritmų efektyvumas tiriamas pasinaudojant disertacijoje sudarytu statistinio modeliavimo metodu. Atlikti eksperimentai su sportininkų duomenimis ir sveikatos industrijai priklausančių įmonių finansiniais duomenimis patvirtino, kad metodo skaitinės savybės atitinka teorinį modelį. Taip pat sukurti metodai ir algoritmai pritaikyti sociologinių duomenų analizės modeliui sudaryti. Atlikti tyrimai parodė, kad adaptuotas MCMC algoritmas leidžia gauti nagrinėjamų skirstinių parametrų įvertinius per mažesnį grandžių skaičių ir maždaug du kartus sumažinti skaičiavimų apimtį. Disertacijoje sukonstruoti algoritmai gali būti pritaikyti stochastinio pobūdžio sistemų tyrimui ir kitiems statistikos uždaviniams spręsti MCMC metodu.

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