En stor del av personalen inom Hälso- och Sjukvården har sin arbetstid förlagd till natten. Vi vet idag att det är mycket ogynnsamt att arbeta nattetid och att det höjer risken att utveckla flera sjukdomar. Nattarbete och roterande skiftarbete stör och påverkar den naturliga dygnsrytmen i kroppen. Kan vi hjälpa kroppen att anpassa sig bättre till nattskiftsarbete med hjälp av ljusterapins effekter? Ljusterapi är, vad vi känner till idag, en säker behandling med få eller inga biverkningar. Den är lätt att administrera, relativt billigt och flexibel att utföra. Det optimala verkar vara, enligt vår nuvarande kunskap, att få ljusterapibehandling intermittent under nattpasset, kombinera detta med att använda sig av mörka solglasögon när man tar sig hem samt sedan att lägga sig att sova så snart som möjligt efter hemkomsten i ett mörkt rum. Ljusterapi hjälper speciellt inför längre perioder av nattpass men har också en mycket god effekt på att återställa den inre klockan till dag-dygnsrytm igen efter avslutad nattperiod. Ljusterapibehandling visar sig hjälpa även mot problem med ett förtidigt uppvaknande, som är ett vanligt fenomen vid nattarbete, och effekten av behandlingen kan kvarstå i upp till en månad. Den positiva höjningen av funktionsnivån som även inträffar kan också kvarstå så länge.

This is a critical study of F. Scott Fitzgerald‟s Tender Is the Night focusing primarily on the lack of examination and criticism surrounding the women characters. Included are reviews of Fitzgerald‟s personal and professional life from the publication of his critically acclaimed The Great Gatsby until the publication of his last complete novel, Tender Is the Night, discussion of the contemporary and current criticism of the novel, and a feminist reading of the novel in order to focus more significant critical attention upon the women characters in order to create a fuller understanding of Fitzgerald‟s novel.

In Tender Is the Night, F. Scott Fitzgerald retells the story of the Fall from Genesis through psychologist Dick Diver and his wife and patient Nicole, drawing poetic and thematic inspiration from John Milton’s Paradise Lost. This essay traces the progression of the Divers’ fall and ultimate separation through the novel’s three books and considers how the highly autobiographical foundation of the novel, which has drawn considerable critical attention, may in fact allow Fitzgerald to craft a work that aligns with and simultaneously expands upon Milton’s interpretation of the Fall.

Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att arbeta i hemsjukvården och därmed få ökad kunskap och kännedom om villkoren för nattarbete. Studien hade en kvalitativ deskriptiv design och fjorton sjuksköterskor besvarade frågeformulären. Materialet analyserades med hjälp av innehållsanalys. Resultatet utmynnade från ett tema med följande kategorier, nattarbete ett val av praktiska skäl, vidgat perspektiv ger arbetstillfredsställelse och insikten om arbetets komplexitet ger en känsla av otillfredsställelse. Majoriteten av sjuksköterskorna valde att arbeta inom nattpatrullen för att tjäna extra pengar, samt på grund av närheten till arbetet. Samtliga sjuksköterskor påtalade vikten av att ha tillräckligt med tid vid hembesöken. Flertalet män ansåg dock sin kompetens för hög för de arbetsuppgifter de utförde i hemsjukvården. Att de sedan valt att fortsätta arbeta inom nattpatrullen berodde på att de upplevde arbetet som självständigt, fritt och stimulerande. Sjuksköterskorna påpekade att de inte kände sig delaktiga i beslut. Flera påtalade att cheferna inte hade någon förståelse för deras arbetsvillkor. Behovet av hemsjukvård ökar och mer personal kommer att behövas. Att rekrytera och behålla sjuksköterskor inom hemsjukvården är en utmaning. Det är därför av vikt att ta reda på hur vårdpersonal upplever sina arbetsvillkor och vad som kan locka fler att arbeta inom hemsjukvården. / The purpose of this study was to describe nurses' experiences of working in home health care and thus enhance the understanding and knowledge of the conditions of night work. The study had a qualitative descriptive design and fourteen nurses answered the questionnaires. The material was analysed using content analysis. The analysis resulted from a theme with the following categories: night work as a choice for practical reasons, broader perspective gives job satisfaction and the recognition of the complexity of the work gives a sense of dissatisfaction. The majority of the nurses chose to work in night patrol to earn extra money, as well as the close proximity to their work. All the nurses emphasised the importance of having enough time at home visits. Most men, however, considered their skills too advanced for the tasks they performed in home nursing. That they then chose to remain with the night patrol was because they experienced their work as independent, free and stimulating. The nurses said that they felt left out when it came to decisions. Several complained that the managers had no understanding of their working conditions. The need for home care will increase and more staff will be needed. To recruit and retain nurses within home care is a challenge. It is therefore important to find out how health professionals perceive their working conditions and discover what might attract more people to work in home health care.

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Abstract The characteristics of being private, interactive and active publicize sex, which used to be a taboo topic, on the Internet in every way. The group using the Internet has gradually taken an open perspective in sexual attitudes and behaviors. People are looking for short-term sex relationships through the BBS, chat rooms, and matching websites, which lead to the increasing proportion of one-night stand experiences. When people are situated in an Internet environment where sex information is open and accessible to almost everyone, will the changes in sexual attitude and behavior are also being influenced with time? It¡¦s worth further probing into the relations between the actual users¡¦ conditions and the sexual attitudes and behaviors of those who acquire sex satisfaction through the Internet. This research will be focused on the demographic characteristics, users¡¦ conditions, sexual attitudes and behaviors of average Internet users and the one-night stand group, trying to understand if different variables make differences in the users¡¦ sexual attitudes and behaviors. Therefore, in this research the independent variables are the demographic characteristics and the dependent variables are sexual attitudes and behaviors. The Internet users¡¦ conditions are the intervening variables. The researchers will collect sample data about users aged from 18 to 30, including some who used to have Internet one-night stand experiences and post messages on every BBS bulletin board, chat room, matching website and porn website. Questionnaires are designed for the users to answer on the Web. This practice took about two months altogether. 1008 questionnaires were collected. Major findings after statistic analyses are as follow: 1. The sexual attitudes of Internet users differentiate distinctly by sex. However, sexual attitudes don¡¦t change by different ages, marital conditions, education levels and occupations. 2. The sexual behaviors of Internet users differentiate distinctly in sexs, ages, marital conditions, education levels, and occupations. 3. Average Internet users¡¦ sexual attitudes make no difference in the years of using the Internet, the frequencies, and how many hours per day spent on the Internet. 4. The sexual behaviors of average Internet users change distinctly because of the different hours per day spent on the Internet, but make no difference in the years of using the Internet and the frequencies. 5. The sexual behaviors of average Internet users differentiate rather by the activeness of exposing to porn websites than by whether they are exposed to porn websites, how often, and the time spent on the websites. 6. The sexual behaviors of average Internet users differentiate distinctly rather by whether they are exposed to porn websites, the activeness, and how long on the porn websites than by how often they are exposed to the porn websites. 7. The group of Internet one-night stand is distinctly different form that of average Internet users in the years of using the Internet, average hours per day on the Internet, not in how often they use the Internet. 8. The group of Internet one-night stand is distinctly different from that of average Internet users rather in the frequencies of exposing to the porn websites and time on the websites than in the activeness of exposing to porn websites. 9. There¡¦s a positive relationship in having one-night stay experiences with the frequency of exposing to porn websites. 10. The sexual attitude of the group of Internet one-night stay are not different from that of average Internet users. 11. The sexual behavior of Internet one-night stay group is distinctively different from that of average Internet users.

<p>The purpose of this thesis was to determine which perceptual cues drivers use to identify pedestrians that may constitute a risk in traffic. Methods chosen were recordings of pedestrian behaviour in Linköping by means of a stationary video camera as well as video camera mounted in a car. Interviews on the recordings from the mobile camera were conducted with taxi drivers and driving instructors.</p><p>Results include that drivers not only react to pedestrians they believe will behave in a dangerous way, but also react to pedestrians that probably not will behave in such a way, but where the possibility still exists. The study concluded that it was not possible to determine how risky a pedestrian is considered to be by only using behavioural factors such as trajectory or position on the sidewalk, and distance. It is necessary also to include environmental factors, mainly where the pedestrian and car are positioned in relation to the side of the road, so that the behaviour of the pedestrian can be interpreted.</p>

<p>At night, the visibility is reduced and the demands on the driver increase. A safety system that enables the driver to discover warmer objects in the surroundings when the visibility are reduced, such as the Vision Enhancement System (VES) contributes to safer night-time driving. Since the benefits of this system are established, it is of interest to investigate different design aspects. The VES display has in earlier studies been positioned in front of the driver but different display positions such as peripheral placement should be evaluated. </p><p>The present simulator study is an investigation of the effects of different display positions inside the car. Two different display positions were investigated, in front of the driver and to the right of the driver. When driving with a display positioned to the right, the driver will have to divide his attention between the road scene and the display by turning his head or he might be able to use peripheral vision. It was hypothesised that there would be significant differences in driving performance between the two display positions in favour of the display position above the steering wheel. </p><p>The results were measured in driving performance as well as opinions from the participants. Results show that there were some significant differences and several tendencies of better driving performance when driving with the display in front of the driver. The participants also rated this display as being better positioned and effecting the driving in a more positive way than the display to the right. It was therefore concluded that that the most preferred display position is in front of the driver.</p>

Title from first page of PDF document. Includes bibliographical references (p. 91-93).

In Tender Is the Night, F. Scott Fitzgerald retells the story of the Fall from Genesis through psychologist Dick Diver and his wife and patient Nicole, drawing poetic and thematic inspiration from John Milton’s Paradise Lost. This essay traces the progression of the Divers’ fall and ultimate separation through the novel’s three books and considers how the highly autobiographical foundation of the novel, which has drawn considerable critical attention, may in fact allow Fitzgerald to craft a work that aligns with and simultaneously expands upon Milton’s interpretation of the Fall.