Disruption is something that we must negotiate as part of our everyday lives. The context of disruption can vary in nature from being positive to being negative in nature. However, the emotional effects of the disruption have not been investigated in the social psychological literature. This study utilizes structuralized ritualization affect theory of social exchange, attribution theory, and the theory of relational cohesion in order to investigate the effects of disruption on the overall positive emotion of the actors involved and their feelings of cohesiveness with regard to their group.

Nowadays we are in a very competitive market where products have all very sustainable competitive advantages. It is difficult to find the difference between products. Finding a new way to reach this advantage of differentiation from one to another is becoming the key issue for companies to survive in this context. Traditional marketing strategies focusing on price or quality are not anymore a long-term source of differentiation and competitive advantage. A way to reach differentiation is by means of a much stronger focus on the customer. Experiential marketing is this new way by making the customers living an experience through the creation of emotions. Experiential marketing has for goal to create emotions to the customer that lead to enjoy an experience for the consumer and affect his attitude and behavior. It is very useful as a differentiation strategy to sell utilitarian product from everyday life. However aesthetic products like art or luxury products created by the genius of artists and couturiers create emotions by themselves. So, we focused on the luxury goods field because we wanted to know if experiential marketing had an effect on consumers in this field even if luxury goods products already create emotions by themselves. Moreover, some people are more sensitive to emotions and aesthetic than others. We also wanted to know if experiential marketing had an impact on these people. Our paper tries to go further on this subject by comparing to types of store of the company Lancel (a luxury company of leather goods) one is using experiential marketing and the other is not. For our research we first had to read scientific articles, books and previous studies on emotions and experiential marketing. Then, we developed three hypotheses which helped us to conduct our research and draw conclusions. Those hypotheses have been discussed by conducting a mixed research that is to say by combining a qualitative research with a quantitative one. In the quantitative research we compared the emotions felt and the purchase intention in the different stores of Lancel to see if the store which uses experiential marketing has better results. In the qualitative research we wanted to know the reasons why Lancel has developed this new concept of store. The quantitative research was conducted by administrating questionnaires in the different stores of Lancel. We had a deductive approach. The qualitative research, based on a descriptive approach, was carried out by creating structured interviews. The results we were enable to get thanks to these data, allowed us to draw conclusions regarding our research. In this paper, we compare emotions people feel in a store that uses experiential marketing and in a one which doesn‘t to see if there are differences in their attitude and behavior due to experiential marketing.

Date: May 28, 2009 Program: MIMA – International Marketing Course name: Master Thesis (EFO705) Title: Consumer responses to product placements in Thai television sitcoms Authors: Chalinee Ketrattanakul           ckl08001@student.mdh.se Pimmanee Pongpatranon        ppn08004@student.mdh.se Tutor: Tobias Eltebrandt Problem: How Thai consumers identify the advertising strategy of product placements in Thai sitcoms? Purpose: To examine the responses of Thai customers toward product placements in Thai sitcoms and measure how product placements in Thai sitcoms have influential effects on Thai consumers’ attitudes. Method: The study is mainly based on quantitative research using experiment and survey methods. Relevant secondary data are also collected. The major framework used in the study is the Multicomponent Model of Attitude. Conclusion: Product placements in Thai sitcoms have influential effects on the attitudes of Thai consumers depending on the category used in practice and execution style. Implicit product placement seems to be the most suitable and acceptable technique to use in Thai sitcoms since it creates positive effects on Thai consumers’ attitude toward brands and their purchase intention. Key words: Product placement, television sitcom, attitude, cognition, affect, behavior

Uppsatsen behandlar hur man som psykoterapeut praktiskt kan använda sig av kroppen i terapirummet, som ett komplement till det språkliga i det terapeutiska arbetet. Syftet med studien är att ta reda på hur psykodynamiska psykoterapeuter som också är sjukgymnaster använder sig av sin yrkesbakgrund i terapisituationen. Den använda metoden är kvalitativ.  Fyra legitimerade psykoterapeuter med bakgrund som sjukgymnaster intervjuades och resultatet visar: De upplever kroppen som en tillgång. Den skapar möjligheter till kontakt med känslor som tidigare har varit svåra att både känna och verbalisera. Genom att jobba med kroppen skapas en här- och nu-upplevelse som man kan utforska och reflektera över. De tycker att de får mycket information från kroppen, information som det inte alltid är lätt att veta hur man skall förhålla sig till. Samtliga uttrycker också en respekt för kroppens uttryck som måste hanteras försiktig.

My thesis examines existential questioning as a method towards becoming pedagogical. I argue that a pedagogy of existential questioning, as an experience of a distinctive moment characterized by growing uncertainty, is the complete opposite of what we understand the role of pedagogy in the culture of learning to be. As a result, existential questioning is uncomfortable and often unbearable. I argue through Heideggerean and Sartrean questioning, that it is precisely this feeling of discomfort that signals the beginning of becoming pedagogical. I then proceed to articulate the process of existential questioning as hopeful, developing my concept of “hopeful despair” and “desperate hope” to argue for the ambiguous and pedagogical nature of hope. I proceed to look at ways in which existential questioning can be “played” in higher education, and the ways in which the uncomfortable work of becoming pedagogical can in fact be full of wonder, gratification and utter delight.

Attention is an acknowledged component of the therapeutic relationship that is the heart of clinical work and the base of competence. The centrality of the therapeutic relationship itself has been recognized throughout the history of clinical work. The clinician’s work is based, in part, in attending to the client by actively and openly listening to the client with attention and engagement. However, attention has been lacking within mental health disciplines to what occurs within the process of clinical attention. As a result, little knowledge exists about the structure of clinical attention itself. This dissertation studied the structure of clinical attention to understand what occurs when clinicians attend to their clients in sessions. The thesis focused on the internal processes occurring within the clinician, not on actions or interventions taken in sessions. The literature review grounded the study theoretically in mind science and contemplative science, the study of reality grounded in both objective and subjective experience. The literature review also conceptualized attention in its sub processes of mindfulness, meditation, reflective practice and affect regulation, examining literature relevant to those constructs as well as to the history, philosophy and psychology of attention. The literature revealed a lack of knowledge of the structure and process of clinical attention. Using the extant literature, a new theoretical framework of attention was constructed. Attention was conceptualized as composed of levels of pre-reflective and reflective attention as related to the attention sub processes. A phenomenological methodology was used to study the structure of clinical attention in relation to holistic competence. Fourteen clinicians, all of whom met the criteria for attaining expertise in the use of attention in their clinical work, participated in an explicitation interview. Data analysis followed a modified phenomenological methodology in a series of steps as the data were grouped in invariant constituents, reduced to emergent themes and analyzed for a textural structural description from which a structural description was constructed. From the structural description was distilled the essence of clinical attention. Clinical attention was seen to consist of a dynamic and iterative process of intention and intuition. Intention and intuition were seen to be based in different attentional levels, both of which were recursively and iteratively related to attention’s construction as a process grounded in inner awareness providing the potential abilities to reflect on experience and regulate affective experience. The study concluded with a discussion of the relationship of the skill of clinical attention to a holistic competence based in levels of procedural capability focused on concrete behavioural action and meta competence focused on clinical judgment, self-awareness and self-reflection on the actions taken. The implications of the study’s findings for training clinicians in attention were discussed.

Attention is an acknowledged component of the therapeutic relationship that is the heart of clinical work and the base of competence. The centrality of the therapeutic relationship itself has been recognized throughout the history of clinical work. The clinician’s work is based, in part, in attending to the client by actively and openly listening to the client with attention and engagement. However, attention has been lacking within mental health disciplines to what occurs within the process of clinical attention. As a result, little knowledge exists about the structure of clinical attention itself. This dissertation studied the structure of clinical attention to understand what occurs when clinicians attend to their clients in sessions. The thesis focused on the internal processes occurring within the clinician, not on actions or interventions taken in sessions. The literature review grounded the study theoretically in mind science and contemplative science, the study of reality grounded in both objective and subjective experience. The literature review also conceptualized attention in its sub processes of mindfulness, meditation, reflective practice and affect regulation, examining literature relevant to those constructs as well as to the history, philosophy and psychology of attention. The literature revealed a lack of knowledge of the structure and process of clinical attention. Using the extant literature, a new theoretical framework of attention was constructed. Attention was conceptualized as composed of levels of pre-reflective and reflective attention as related to the attention sub processes. A phenomenological methodology was used to study the structure of clinical attention in relation to holistic competence. Fourteen clinicians, all of whom met the criteria for attaining expertise in the use of attention in their clinical work, participated in an explicitation interview. Data analysis followed a modified phenomenological methodology in a series of steps as the data were grouped in invariant constituents, reduced to emergent themes and analyzed for a textural structural description from which a structural description was constructed. From the structural description was distilled the essence of clinical attention. Clinical attention was seen to consist of a dynamic and iterative process of intention and intuition. Intention and intuition were seen to be based in different attentional levels, both of which were recursively and iteratively related to attention’s construction as a process grounded in inner awareness providing the potential abilities to reflect on experience and regulate affective experience. The study concluded with a discussion of the relationship of the skill of clinical attention to a holistic competence based in levels of procedural capability focused on concrete behavioural action and meta competence focused on clinical judgment, self-awareness and self-reflection on the actions taken. The implications of the study’s findings for training clinicians in attention were discussed.

L'objectif général de ce mémoire est d'étudier la présence animale dans l'oeuvre du dramaturge français Bernard-Marie Koltès. Cette expression nous sera indispensable, car elle décrit autant le peuplement animal des textes de ce dernier que la présence animale à l'intérieur de ses personnages, c'est-à-dire leur animalité. L'étude de la présence animale est féconde, puisqu'elle nous révèle à la fois l'idéologie défendue par Koltès, en plus de mettre en lumière un type très particulier de subjectivation de ses personnages littéraires: les devenirs-animaux. Les objectifs spécifiques de ce mémoire sont, premièrement, de cataloguer les divers animaux présents dans notre corpus littéraire. Nous effectuerons ce repérage dans le but de dresser le bestiaire sommaire du dramaturge. Cet exercice nous permettra ensuite de caractériser les animaux koltésiens, avant de les comparer à ceux qui constituaient le bestiaire littéraire traditionnel. Par l'entremise de cette comparaison, nous dévoilerons l'idéologie et certaines valeurs défendues par Koltès. Le deuxième objectif spécifique de ce mémoire est d'étudier, de manière théorique cette fois, l'animal en le traitant comme un processus de subjectivation des êtres. En effet, la rencontre, que nous pourrions quailifier de noce contre nature, entre les animaux et les sujets koltésiens engage ces derniers dans des phénomènes singuliers que Gilles Deleuze et Félix Guattari nomment des devenirs-animaux. En étudiant ceux-ci à partir des théories de Deleuze et Guattari, nous ferons la jointure entre l'identité des personnages du dramaturge et l'animalité. Par ailleurs, nous décrirons certaines voies qu'empruntent les devenirs pour se manifester, en analysant les cas particuliers de trois personnages de Koltès. Le troisième et dernier objectif spécifique de ce mémoire est d'aborder les conséquences affectives et perceptives -les affects et percepts -des devenirs-animaux chez les sujets devenant. Nous montrerons que les devenirs-animaux, en entraînant les personnages dans une autre dimension ontologique, suscitent en eux une intense circulation d'affects et de percepts de nature animale. Ces affects et percepts animaux déshumanisent les personnages qui se transforment en des animaux en puissance. La présence animale chez Koltès constitue un rhizome au sens deleuzien et guattarien du terme. Le rhizome conçu par le dramaturge compte trois plateaux qui correspondent à chacun des chapitres de notre mémoire. D'un chapitre à l'autre, la topique de l'animalité suit un mouvement de sémiose, c'est-à-dire que sa signification connaît des avancées. C'est dire que le rhizome koltésien est bien davantage qu'une thématique; il est plutôt une structure signifiante complexe et complète en elle-même. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Affect, Animal, Animalité, Bestiaire, Devenir-animal.

Les émotions ont été considérées en philosophie, et ce depuis l'Antiquité, tantôt comme des aides tantôt comme des obstacles aux décisions rationnelles. Les rapports entre émotions et décisions ne constituent donc pas donc un objet inédit de réflexion mais récemment cette question a été reprise et le champ théorique renouvelé. Des développements montrent que les émotions pourraient intégrer les raisonnements de manière constructive, et pas nécessairement comme des éléments perturbateurs et responsables d'erreurs. Il s'avère que malgré la complexité du phénomène émotionnel, et la diversité des conceptions à son égard, l'étude des impacts émotionnels dans les choix fait intervenir la distinction entre émotions positives et négatives de manière récurrente. La caractéristique permettant d'établir cette distinction se nomme la valence. D'apparence claire et pratique, elle comporte plusieurs difficultés importantes. En plus d'être un concept ambigu au sens variable d'une théorie à l'autre, la distinction simple qu'elle recoupe s'applique difficilement à certaines émotions plus complexes qui semblent mélanger des valences différentes. Face à ces problèmes, nous pensons qu'il n'est ni nécessaire ni souhaitable d'abandonner la notion de valence, mais qu'il convient plutôt de la réformer afin qu'elle puisse rendre compte avec plus de réalisme des émotions concrètes. D'une part, nous entendons apporter des clarifications sur ce concept central dans l'étude des émotions et de leur impact dans les choix et décisions; d'autre part, nous montrerons la nécessité de porter une attention renouvelée à la valence des émotions pour comprendre ces impacts avec plus de finesse et de précision. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Émotion, rationalité, heuristique, décision, affect, valence.

Psychological attachment to an entrepreneurial opportunity may motivate the entrepreneur to persevere but can also bias decisions made in the entrepreneurial process, especially on market entry. This thesis investigates how psychological attachment to an entrepreneur’s idea influences decision making at the commercialization stage with special emphasis on control tendencies. Data collected from 106 fourth-year students from the Engineering Design Program at a top engineering-focused Canadian university revealed some interesting results. In the model estimated, the higher the subject’s psychological attachment to the opportunity, the more control oriented the subject was. Interestingly, psychological attachment is a strong predictor of control tendency even when subjects’ perceptions of projected returns (value) are statistically controlled in the analysis. Furthermore, psychological attachment correlates with proxy measures of the level of cognitive evaluation: the indication, affective constructs like psychological attachment elicit affect-laden evaluation of outcomes in a way that is divergent from the cognitive evaluation of commercialization situations. Within a framework of financial decision making, even as subjects generally acknowledged outside investor expertise in a potential commercialization partnership, the main finding was that high levels of attachment are more likely to lead to control-oriented funding preferences over optimal financing preferences. Further, alternative research explanations for control tendency failed to hold, as individual personality-type factors were not significant in explaining the variability in control tendency. Therefore, control tendency may be dependent on attachment to the creative process as opposed to an individual’s personality construct. The results provide insight into the role that affective constructs like psychological attachment and control tendency may play in important decision making in the entrepreneurship process.