Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating without the use of compensatory behaviors. Functional accounts of BED propose that negative affect is an antecedent to binge eating because binge eating serves to alleviate negative affect. However, previous studies investigating the association between negative affect and binge eating have yielded inconsistent findings, perhaps due to individual vulnerability factors that moderate the effects of negative affect on binge eating behavior. As one candidate, the current study investigated emotion regulation strategies that may be implicated in the maintenance of binge eating in BED, particularly under conditions of negative affect: brooding rumination, distress tolerance, and mood-related expectancies for eating. These emotion regulation strategies were: a) compared in 38 women with BED vs. 36 non-eating disordered female controls, b) examined in relation to markers of current binge eating severity among BED women, and c) used as predictors of caloric intake and urge to eat in response to a personally-relevant dysphoric mood induction upon presentation of snack foods in a "taste task." Results revealed that women with BED endorsed higher brooding rumination, more positive expectancies that eating serves to ameliorate negative affect, and lower distress tolerance than controls. Among women with BED, higher brooding rumination was associated with greater binge eating severity, and stronger expectancies that eating reduces negative affect were associated with more frequent binge eating episodes and greater urge to eat in response to depression. Surprisingly, better distress tolerance was associated with more frequent binge eating episodes. Women with BED consumed more calories and reported greater loss of control as well as a greater sense of guilt in response to the taste task relative to control participants. Contrary to hypothesis, there were no direct or indirect effects of any of the three emotion regulation strategies on change in urge to eat or calories consumed on the taste task following sad mood induction in BED women. In controls, better distress tolerance and stronger expectancies that eating alleviates negative affect were associated with decreased caloric intake on the taste task after mood induction. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of considering trans-diagnostic processes in BED as well as the need to identify other theoretically-relevant factors that contribute to the cognitive and behavioral features of BED. Limitations and directions for future studies are discussed.

Binge Eating Disorder (BED) is characterized by recurrent episodes of binge eating without the use of compensatory behaviors. Functional accounts of BED propose that negative affect is an antecedent to binge eating because binge eating serves to alleviate negative affect. However, previous studies investigating the association between negative affect and binge eating have yielded inconsistent findings, perhaps due to individual vulnerability factors that moderate the effects of negative affect on binge eating behavior. As one candidate, the current study investigated emotion regulation strategies that may be implicated in the maintenance of binge eating in BED, particularly under conditions of negative affect: brooding rumination, distress tolerance, and mood-related expectancies for eating. These emotion regulation strategies were: a) compared in 38 women with BED vs. 36 non-eating disordered female controls, b) examined in relation to markers of current binge eating severity among BED women, and c) used as predictors of caloric intake and urge to eat in response to a personally-relevant dysphoric mood induction upon presentation of snack foods in a "taste task." Results revealed that women with BED endorsed higher brooding rumination, more positive expectancies that eating serves to ameliorate negative affect, and lower distress tolerance than controls. Among women with BED, higher brooding rumination was associated with greater binge eating severity, and stronger expectancies that eating reduces negative affect were associated with more frequent binge eating episodes and greater urge to eat in response to depression. Surprisingly, better distress tolerance was associated with more frequent binge eating episodes. Women with BED consumed more calories and reported greater loss of control as well as a greater sense of guilt in response to the taste task relative to control participants. Contrary to hypothesis, there were no direct or indirect effects of any of the three emotion regulation strategies on change in urge to eat or calories consumed on the taste task following sad mood induction in BED women. In controls, better distress tolerance and stronger expectancies that eating alleviates negative affect were associated with decreased caloric intake on the taste task after mood induction. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of considering trans-diagnostic processes in BED as well as the need to identify other theoretically-relevant factors that contribute to the cognitive and behavioral features of BED. Limitations and directions for future studies are discussed.

This thesis takes up the question of intertextuality between the Bible and Samuel Beckett’s oeuvre. It starts with the contention that this relationship has acquired something of the status of a commonplace within Beckett studies; not that substantial scholarly works have not widened out considerably the way that this is understood, but in Ruby Cohn’s words: ‘today every Beckett student knows his literary allegiances—the Bible and Dante, above all’. The Bible’s status for Beckett comes to be treated as a matter of common sense. In response to this critical situation, one aspect of the thesis is to disclose and analyse previously overlooked examples of the Bible’s presence in Beckett’s work, engaging with hitherto occluded parts of the oeuvre (unpublished manuscript texts and the French works, for example). But at the same time, it looks to critically question what is at stake in the claim that the Bible is a matter of common knowledge for Beckett. The methodology put to work in the thesis always begins in close readings of Beckett’s texts, and also of the discourses surrounding his oeuvre. In doing so, it resists an idea that close reading entails a retreat into an ahistorical formalism; rather, it argues for an historicism that does not simply rest on broad notions of orthodoxy and shared values. Rather than taking for granted a common sense idea of what the Bible is (even in the limited sense of what it is for Beckett), the thesis argues for its instability as a ‘text’ across more than one language. Nor, I argue, does Beckett’s oeuvre fix down a particular, single notion of the Bible as the relevant one for its own purposes (the King James Bible, for instance); on the contrary, his work is deeply engaged with the Bible in all its complex, multilingual textuality. The thesis contends that the particular relationship between Beckett and the Bible poses distinctive problems for the kinds of epistemological value invested in a certain understanding of intertextuality; indeed, I look throughout to interrogate the authority invested in familiarity—both that of the author and that of the critic. Following this thread, the thesis also undertakes a sustained engagement with the way in which archival materials are used and valued by a critical practice interested in questions of intertextuality. Through this, I look to do two things at once: both to respond to the extraordinary value of archival documentation for opening up new possibilities within Beckett studies, and at the same time to analyse closely the extents and limitations of what can be claimed on the basis of such analyses. In working through these kinds of question, and responding to the particular exigencies produced by the Bible in relation to the Beckett oeuvre, I also engage with critical issues having to do with theories of affect, the notion of style (asking what it means to adduce some piece of text as ‘biblical’ or ‘Beckettian’), and the analysis of intertextuality in performance. Through all of these readings, the thesis is interested in what it means to read intertextuality in relation to a Beckett ‘oeuvre’, when the ambit of that oeuvre, its internal interrelationships and its points of connection with the world, constantly shift and reformulate themselves. Rather than treating the Bible as a thread that can be safely followed from one end of the oeuvre to the other, guaranteeing a continuity that remains free from the complexities, irruptions and discontinuities performed in Beckett’s texts, the thesis argues that biblical intertextuality is actively involved in those complex Beckettian movements.

Endometrios är en kronisk sjukdom som drabbar 10–15 procent av alla fertila kvinnor. De vanligaste symtomen är bäckensmärta, menssmärta, samlagssmärta, kraftiga blödningar, infertilitet, förstoppning och diarré. Då symtomen oftast är diffusa och kunskapen om endometrios inom sjukvården är bristfällig tar det mellan 8–11 år från det att kvinnan sökt vård för sin smärta till att diagnosen är fastställd. Syftet med studien var att beskriva livslidande hos kvinnor med endometrios. Studien genomfördes som en integrativ litteraturstudie, vilket ger en djupare förståelse och en mer heltäckande bild av ett visst fenomen. Kvinnorna beskrev sitt livslidande genom att det är bristande förståelse och kunskap om sjukdomen. Detta upplevde de särskilt ifrån vården, familj, vänner, kollegor och partners. Kvinnornas livssituation och fysiska funktioner var begränsade på grund av sjukdomen, detta påverkade det dagliga livet. Utanförskapet var framträdande och att fungera i ett socialt sammanhang var svårt vilket blev till ett livslidande. Det innebar också ett livslidande att leva med ovisshet och oro inför framtiden, där det största bekymret handlade om svårigheter med att bli gravid och att få behålla barnet. En slutsats var att distriktsköterskor bör bli bättre på att uppmärksamma kvinnor med endometrios och tro på deras sjukdomsupplevelser. Mer forskning behövs för att belysa livslidandet hos kvinnor med endometrios och därmed öka kunskapen om hur distriktsköterskor kan bemöta dessa kvinnor. / Endometriosis is a chronic disease that affects 10-15 percent of all women of childbearing potential. The most common symptoms are pelvic pain, menstrual pain, intercourse pain, heavy bleeding, infertility, constipation, and diarrhea. Where symptoms are often diffuse and the knowledge of endometriosis in health care is poor, it takes between 8-11 years from the woman sought treatment for their pain at diagnosis is confirmed. The aim of the study was to describe life-suffering in women with endometriosis. The study was conducted as an integrative literature review, which provides a deeper understanding and a more complete picture of a phenomenon. The women described their life-suffering by it´s lack of understanding and knowledge about the disease. They experienced it particularly from the health care, family, friends, colleagues, and partners. Women's lives and physical functions were limited because of the disease, which affected the daily life. Many women experienced exclusion, having a social life was difficult which lead to a life-suffering. To live with uncertainty and anxiety about the future was also life-suffering, where the main concern was about the difficulties in becoming pregnant and to keep the baby. One conclusion was that district nurses should be better able to pay attention to women with endometriosis and belief in their illness experiences. More research is needed to elucidate the life-suffering of women with endometriosis and thereby improve knowledge about how district nurses best can meet these women.

ABSTRACT High levels of trauma within the South African society affect the majority of the population either directly or indirectly. In order to assist individuals overcome such traumatic incidents, many companies in South Africa have contracted with Employee Assistance Programme (EAP) Providers to provide counselling to employees. These EAP counsellors are often the first mental health professionals to be exposed to a client’s traumatic story. Consequently, such counsellors may be vulnerable to compassion fatigue (CF). The consequences of EAP counsellors working with traumatised clients have been relatively unexplored. Therefore, this study proposed that EAP trauma counsellors are vulnerable within their scope of work and are an important group of professionals to be further investigated. Furthermore, leading authors in the field of trauma argue that both individual characteristics and environmental factors play a role in the development of CF. However, research into the process by which CF develops is extremely limited. Hence, this study attempted to explore this process through identifying possible core variables such as level of exposure, empathy and affect intensity and exploring their link to CF. The study was based on Figley’s (1995) Trauma Transmission Model, Dutton and Rubinstein’s (1995) Ecological Model and McRitchie’s (2006) Refined Model for Trauma Workers. The data was collected from 60 EAP counsellors, through self report measures. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics, correlations, a stepwise regression, two independent sample t-tests, and analysis of variance. Results revealed that 28.34% of the sample fell within the range for CF. There were significant correlations between Level of Exposure to traumatic material and CF; between levels of empathy and CF and between Affect Intensity and Empathy. There was no significant correlation between Affect Intensity and CF. Furthermore, the stepwise regression indicated that 56% of CF may be explained by a combination of four interacting variables, that is, Level of Exposure, Fantasy, Personal Distress and Perspective Taking.

Os Devedores Anônimos são um grupo de ajuda-mútua reunindo indivíduos que se consideram compradores e/ou endividados compulsivos. A partir de pesquisa de campo realizada nos encontros do grupo e de entrevistas aprofundadas com seus membros, são analisadas tanto as condutas econômicas desses agentes antes da entrada no DA, quanto os efeitos que a permanência no grupo tende a engendrar em seu comportamento. Identificando os mecanismos presentes em certas experiências problemáticas no interior da ordem econômica especialmente no que se refere a compras e tomadas de empréstimos vistas pelos próprios implicados como injustificadas, impensadas ou irracionais , este trabalho mostra também como, funcionando à maneira de um dispositivo de racionalização, o grupo incide sobre as condutas econômicas de seus usuários de modo a torná-las mais ajustadas a certas exigências da ordem econômica atual. Isso por meio de mecanismos particulares, que atuam seja incitando a reflexividade e dirigindo a atenção desses agentes para aspectos antes despercebidos das ações econômicas cotidianas (produzindo, assim, um investimento renovado em tais operações), seja suscitando implicitamente dinâmicas afetivas que tendem a conduzi-los na direção de uma maior racionalidade econômica. Demonstra-se, desse modo, não só como certas experiências emocionais contribuem para a realização de ações econômicas que, depois, podem ser motivo de arrependimento, mas também como esse tipo de racionalidade e seu ideal, o modelo do homo oeconomicus não se opõe às emoções, às paixões, mas depende, para sua própria efetivação, de dinâmicas afetivas peculiares. / Debtors Anonymous is a twelve-step, self-help group formed by individuals who consider themselves compulsive buyers and/or compulsive debtors. Based on field research conducted at the encounters of the group and on interviews with its members, it is analyzed the economic behavior of these agents before their entrance in DA and the effects that the permanence in the group tend to cause in their behavior. Along with the identification of the mechanisms present on certain problematic experiences in the midst of the economic order especially buying and credit practices seen by the individuals themselves as unjustified, unthought-of or irrational , this work also shows that, functioning as a rationalization dispositive, the group acts upon the economic behavior of its users in a way that leads them to become more adjusted to certain exigencies of the current economic order. The group does that through particular mechanisms, some of which can incite reflexivity and drive these agents attention to aspects of the everyday economic actions that they werent used to perceive (thus producing a renewed investment on such operations), or others that implicitly generate affective dynamics which tend to conduce these agents in the direction of a greater economic rationality. It is thus demonstrated not only how certain emotional experiences contribute to the realization of buying and credit practices which can later be regretted, but also how that type of rationality and its ideal, the homo oeconomicus model is not opposed to emotions and passions, but depends for its own sake of peculiar affective dynamics.

Orientador: Fernando Silva Teixeira Filho / Banca: Leonardo Lemos de Souza / Banca: Ana Claudia Bortolozzi Maia / Resumo: Os discursos sobre a infância e a maneira como tem sido percebida e teorizada ao longo dos anos determinam os tipos de ações voltadas às necessidades das crianças e adolescentes, bem como são ressignificados os papéis e a função do grupo familiar mediante tais modificações. Diante desse processo de definições e redefinições sociais e subjetivas, as crianças e adolescentes que têm seus direitos violados dentro de sua família de origem, e que portanto, precisam ser retiradas desse convívio para sua proteção, tornam-se alvo das políticas públicas e de suas medidas protetivas. O dispositivo de institucionalização da infância passou por fortes questionamentos quanto à sua efetividade em garantia de direitos, principalmente no que concerne à convivência familiar e comunitária. É assim que por meio do PNAS (Plano Nacional de Assistência Social, 2004) é estabelecida uma nova modalidade de acolhimento, o familiar, que com as alterações da lei n º 12.010 de 2009 feitas ao ECA (Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente), passa a ser prioritário frente ao acolhimento institucional. As famílias acolhedoras são voluntárias e passam por seleção e treinamento realizados pelas equipes técnicas dos programas e assim recebem e acolhem em suas casas as crianças e adolescentes encaminhadas(os). O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi cartografar os afetos nesse contexto de acolhimento que inclui a sociedade na efetivação de uma política pública de proteção. Isso foi possível por meio do acompanhamento de duas famílias acolhedoras oriundas de diferentes cidades do interior paulista, por meio de encontros, telefonemas, conversas, e de material proveniente do Facebook. Dentre os afetos cartografados destacam-se a rivalidade e a ambivalência e outros decorrentes de dificuldades, principalmente, em relação ao fim dos acolhimentos / Abstract: The discourses about childhood and the way it has been perceived and theorized over the years determine the types of actions toward to the needs of children and adolescents, as well as the roles and the role of the family group are redefined through such modifications. In this process of social and subjective definitions and redefinitions, children and adolescents who have their rights violated within their family of origin, and therefore need to be removed from this conviviality for their protection, become the target of public policies and their protective measures. The institutionalization of childhood was strongly questioned as to its effectiveness in guaranteeing rights, especially in relation to family and community life. Thus, through the PNAS (National Plan of Social Assistance, 2004), a new modality of foster care, the family, is established, which with the amendments of law nº. 12.010 of 2009 made by ECA (Children and Adolescent Statute), it becomes priority against the institutional care. The foster families are volunteers and go through selection and training by the technical teams of the programs and thus receive and welcome in their homes the children and adolescents sent to them. The objective of the present research was to map the affections in this context of foster care, which includes the society in the accomplishment of a public policy of protection. This was possible through the accompaniment of two foster families from different cities in the interior of São Paulo, through meetings with such families, phone calls and conversations, and material from Facebook. Among the affects mapped out are the rivalry and ambivalence and others coming from difficulties, especially in relation to the end of the foster care / Mestre

Este trabalho faz referências às relações entre o afeto e a escrita, tomando como modelo o impulso criativo de João Guimarães Rosa, um dos grandes autores da literatura brasileira. Parto do pressuposto que o escritor de Corpo de baile (1956) se expõe deliberadamente aos afetos como fonte de conhecimento, forma de criação e de sustentação de sua arte. Assim, destaco de sua produção textual algumas anotações de viagem (manuscritos), cartas e intenções que antecedem a obra literária. Das publicações, são analisadas duas novelas de Corpo de baile: O recado do morro e Uma estória de amor. Sirvo-me dos conceitos de pulsão, sublimação, cadeia significante e transliteração, ligados à psicanálise freudo-lacaniana, para evidenciar que Guimarães Rosa constrói um particular diálogo com os estímulos do mundo. Pretendo argumentar a favor de uma hipótese segundo a qual a escrita deste autor vem de seu corpo, conforme as marcas ou os cortes que incidiram em sua vida, mas, sobretudo, pela sua peculiar disposição em se deixar inscrever pela linguagem a partir dos afetos. Neste trabalho fica a intenção de responder à seguinte pergunta de pesquisa: como João Guimarães Rosa organiza o percurso de criação de duas de suas novelas de Corpo de baile, visando a ser afetado pelas experiências vividas ao longo do período de preparação dos originais de forma a, no momento da escrita, transmudá-las para a ficção? Deste modo, ressalto nesta dissertação os seguintes objetivos específicos: a) a descrição de alguns recursos utilizados por João Guimarães Rosa, quando ele organiza seu percurso de escrita; b) o uso de uma teoria que considere a pulsão e o afeto como molas propulsoras para a invenção de um processo de criação. Trata-se, portanto, de apontar para o modo singular de um autor se deixar inscrever pela linguagem, situandose num posicionamento metódico e paciente na apreensão da palavra, da poética. / This work makes references to the relationship between affect and writing, taking as model the creative impulse of João Guimarães Rosa, one of the great authors of the Brazilian literature. I assume that the writer of Corpo de baile (1956) deliberately exposes himself to the affects as a source of knowledge, form of creation and support for his art. Thus, I highlight from his textual production some (handwritten) trip notes, letters and intentions prior to the literary work. From publications, have been considered two novels from Corpo de baile: \"O recado do morro\" and \"Uma história de amor\". I make use of instinctual drive, sublimation, significant chain and transliteration concepts, linked to Freudian-Lacanian psychoanalysis, to show that Guimarães Rosa builds a dialogue with private worlds stimuli. I intend to argue for a hypothesis that this authors writing comes from his body, according to imprints or cuts that happened to his life, but especially by its peculiar readiness to inscribe himself to language as from the affects. In this work it is intended to respond to the following research questionings: How João Guimarães Rosa organizes the creating route of his two novels from Corpo de baile, aiming to be affected by experiences lived through the period of documents preparation in order to, at the time of writing, to transmute them into fiction? Thus, I emphasize in this thesis the following specific objectives: a) a description of some resources used by Joao Guimarães Rosa, when he organizes his writing route, b) the use of a theory that considers the instinctual drive and affect as driving forces for inventing a process of creation. It is, therefore, to point out the unique way an author let to be inscribed by language, standing in a methodical and patient positioning in the seizure of the word and poetry.

Failure is a necessary step in the process of learning. For this reason, there has been a myriad of research dedicated to the study of student perseverance in the presence of failure, leading to several commonly-cited theories and frameworks to characterize productive and unproductive representations of the construct of persistence. While researchers are in agreement that it is important for students to persist when struggling to learn new material, there can be both positive and negative aspects of persistence. What is it, then, that separates productive from unproductive persistence? The purpose of this work is to address this question through the development, extension, and study of data-driven models of student affect, behavior, and knowledge. The increased adoption of computer-based learning platforms in real classrooms has led to unique opportunities to study student learning at both fine levels of granularity and longitudinally at scale. Prior work has leveraged machine learning methods, existing learning theory, and previous education research to explore various aspects of student learning. These include the development of sensor-free detectors that utilize only the student interaction data collected through such learning platforms. Building off of the considerable amount of prior research, this work employs state-of-the-art machine learning methods in conjunction with the large scale granular data collected by computer-based learning platforms in alignment with three goals. First, this work focuses on the development of student models that study learning through the use of advancements in student modeling and deep learning methodologies. Second, this dissertation explores the development of tools that incorporate such models to support teachers in taking action in real classrooms to promote productive approaches to learning. Finally, this work aims to complete the loop in utilizing these detector models to better understand the underlying constructs that are being measured through their application and their connection to productive perseverance and commonly-observed learning outcomes.

While a correlation between suffering from psychosis and an increased risk of engaging in aggressive behaviours has been established, many factors have been explored which may contribute to increasing this risk. Patients with a diagnosis of psychosis have been shown to have significant difficulties in facial affect recognition (FAR) and some authors have proposed that this may contribute to increasing the risk of displaying aggressive or violent behaviours. A systematic review of the current evidence regarding the links between facial affect recognition and aggression was conducted. Results were varied with some studies providing evidence of a link between emotion recognition difficulties and aggression, while others were unable to establish such an association. Results should be interpreted with some caution as the quality of included studies was poor due to small sample sizes, insufficient power and limited reporting of results. Adequately powered, randomised controlled studies using appropriate blinding procedures and validated measures are therefore required. There is a substantial evidence base demonstrating difficulties in emotional perception in patients with psychosis, with evidence suggesting a relationship with reduced social functioning, increased aggression and more severe symptoms of psychosis. In this review we aim to review this field to assess if there is a causal link between facial affect recognition difficulties and psychosis. The Bradford Hill criteria for establishing a causal relationship from observational data were used to generate key hypotheses, which were then tested against existing evidence. Where a published meta-analysis was not already available, new meta-analyses were conducted. A large effect of FAR difficulties in those with a diagnosis of psychosis, with a small to moderate correlation between FAR problems and symptoms of psychosis was found. Evidence was provided for the existence of FAR problems in those at clinical high risk of psychosis, while remediation of psychosis symptoms did not appear to impact FAR difficulties. There appears to be good evidence of the existence of facial affect recognition difficulties in the causation of psychosis, though larger, longitudinal studies are required to provide further evidence of this.