In this study I have evaluated the answers from 39 informants regarding their attitudes towards the translations of English-language movies and TV series into Swedish. In addition the informants also answered questions on how they perceive their own proficiency in English. The ages of the informants range from 12 to past retirement age. The informants have different backgrounds in terms of education, but all of them have Swedish as their native language.    This study shows that there is a certain level of discontent, amongst viewers in Sweden, when it comes to the quality, of subtitling and dubbing in audiovisual media. Due to these findings I ultimately argue that the area of audiovisual media is in need of further research and possibly improvements as well.

[pt] O caráter acusatório do jornalismo contemporâneo em entrevistas a políticos é objeto de estudo de analistas da conversa em contextos britânico e americano (CLAYMAN, 2001; CLAYMAN E HERITAGE, 2002; CLAYMAN et. at. 2007; HERITAGE, 2002). Contudo, até as eleições de 2018, esse tipo de jornalismo não era visto como uma prática comum no Brasil, dada a repercussão das entrevistas aos candidatos à Presidência na mídia impressa e nas redes sociais que levantou um debate acerca do papel dos jornalistas nesse tipo de interação institucional. Diante desse cenário, com o objetivo de contribuir para o entendimento do caráter adverso das perguntas, examinamos, neste estudo, o design de perguntas feitas pelos jornalistas para o então candidato Jair Bolsonaro, no programa Roda Viva da TV Cultura, à luz do arcabouço teórico-metodológico da Análise da Conversa. De modo geral, os resultados revelam que os jornalistas não usaram as perguntas para pedir informações, mas, sim, para mobilizar ações responsivas que podiam comprometer os objetivos políticos do candidato. Além disso, os entrevistadores lançaram mão de recursos que restringiam as possibilidades de resposta do entrevistado, independentemente do tipo de pergunta e de apresentar ou não um prefácio, limitando, assim, ações evasivas. / [en] The accusatory character of contemporary journalism in interviews with politicians has been object of study of conversation analysts both in British and American contexts (CLAYMAN, 2001; CLAYMAN E HERITAGE, 2002; CLAYMAN et. at. 2007; HERITAGE, 2002). However, until the 2018 elections, this kind of journalism was not seen as a common practice in Brazil, given the repercussion of interviews with presidency candidates in the press and in social media networks, which raised a debate about the role of journalists in this type of institutional interaction. In face of this scenario, we analyzed in this study the design of questions asked by journalists to the candidate, at the time, Jair Bolsonaro, in the TV program Roda Viva, by Culture TV, in the light of Conversation Analysis theoretical methodological framework, aiming at contributing to an understanding of questions adversarial character. In general, results reveal that journalists did not use questions to request information, but, on the contrary, to mobilize responsive actions that could jeopardize the candidate s political goals. Besides, interviewers made use of resources that restricted interviewee s possibilities of answering, independently of the type of question or presence of not a preface, thus, limiting evasive actions.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T17:21:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 10 / Nenhuma / As facilidades eletrônicas da era da informática; a crescente complexidade e abrangência das matérias jurídicas levadas ao foro; a cultura de passividade dos juristas perante o que ficou dito pelos tribunais; a manufatura de “discursos de fundamentação prévios” para serem acoplados a posteriori. Tudo isso convida os juristas brasileiros a substituir a cultura jurídica e o estudo do direito pelas consultas automáticas e instantâneas de precedentes judiciais e de conceitos cristalizados em verbetes jurisprudenciais. Criou-se no país um sincretismo improvisado entre os sistemas de civil law e de common law: é improvisado porque os casos são arguidos e decididos com base em julgados pretéritos, mas sem o necessário aporte de uma teoria de precedentes e da cultura de fundamentação da decisão judicial. Por consequência, além de se institucionalizar o diletantismo de operadores que muitas vezes não sabem do que estão falando, consagra-se a arbitrariedade da escolha injustificada de uma linha de precedentes ao inv / The electronic easiness created by the computer age; the increasing complexity and range of the juridical questions put at bar; the culture of passivity before what was said by the courts; the manufacture of “previous discourses of justification”, ready-mades that wait for later couplings. All these things invite Brazilian jurists to replace the juridical learning and the study of law by the automatic and instantaneous searches for judicial precedents and crystallized legal concepts. An improvised syncretism between the common law and the civil law systems has emerged: it is improvised because cases are argued and decided based on previous decisions, but without the necessary support of a theory of precedent and a culture of justification of the judicial decision. Besides institutionalizing the amateurism of some players who quite often don’t know what they are talking about, this state of things acclaims the arbitrariness of the unjustified choice of a line of precedents instead of another. The precedent

Graph-structured data (GSD) is a popular model to represent complex information in a wide variety of applications such as social networks, biological data management, digital libraries, and traffic networks. The flexibility of this model allows the information to evolve and easily integrate with heterogeneous data from many sources. In this dissertation we study three important problems on GSD. A consistent theme of our work is the use of automata methods and techniques to process and reason about GSD. First, we address the problem of answering queries on GSD in a distributed environment. We focus on regular path queries (RPQs) – given by regular expressions matching paths in graph-data. RPQs are the building blocks of almost any mechanism for querying GSD. We present a fault-tolerant, message-efficient, and truly distributed algorithm for answering RPQs. Our algorithm works for the larger class of weighted RPQs on weighted GSDs. Second, we consider the problem of answering RPQs on incomplete GSD, where different data sources are represented by materialized database views. We explore the connection between “certain answers” (CAs) and answers obtained from “view-based rewritings” (VBRs) for RPQs. CAs are answers that can be obtained on each database consistent with the views. Computing all of CAs for RPQs is NP-hard, and one has to resort to an exponential algorithm in the size of the data–view materializations. On the other hand, VBRs are query reformulations in terms of the view definitions. They can be used to obtain query answers in polynomial time in the size of the data. These answers are CAs, but unfortunately for RPQs, not all of the CAs can be obtained in this way. In this work, we show the surprising result that for RPQs under local semantics, using VBRs to answer RPQs gives all the CAs. The importance of this result is that under such semantics, the CAs can be obtained in polynomial time in the size of the data. Third, we focus on XML–an important special case of GSD. The scenario we consider is streaming XML between exchanging parties. The problem we study is flexible validation of streaming XML under the realistic assumption that the schemas of the exchanging parties evolve, and thus diverge from one another. We represent schemas by using Visibly Pushdown Automata (VPAs), which recognize Visibly Pushdown Languages (VPLs). We model evolution for XML by defining formal language operators on VPLs. We show that VPLs are closed under the defined language operators and this enables us to expand the schemas (for XML) in order to account for flexible or constrained evolution. / Graduate

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, Sweden, 1984. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement and errata slip inserted. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 284-288.

Thesis (doctoral)--Lund University, Sweden, 1984. / Extra t.p. with thesis statement and errata slip inserted. Includes index. Bibliography: p. 284-288.

[pt] Este estudo busca identificar respostas afetivas decorrentes de perdas involuntárias de posses simbólicas de indivíduos de baixa renda que no período de 2003 a 2013 ascenderam socialmente, identificando-se como integrantes da classe média brasileira. Esses consumidores, em decorrência de crise econômica, sofreram perdas simbolicamente importantes que afetaram a constituição de parte do seu eu. Partindo da compreensão de que perdas de posses simbólicas extrapolam a simples privação material e estendem-se à construção de uma identidade adquirida, o trabalho propõe que respostas afetivas diante de perdas involuntárias estabelecem forte relação com as fases identificadas por Kübler-Ross (2000): negação, raiva, barganha, depressão e aceitação. Foram entrevistados doze consumidores que haviam ascendido socialmente e, recentemente, foram atingidos pela crise econômica, tendo sofrido abalos consideráveis em sua construção do eu. As entrevistas fenomenológicas foram conduzidas e interpretadas como proposto por Thompson, Locander e Pollio (1989; 2015). As fases de reação à perda ficaram evidentes nas experiências vividas pelos entrevistados, contribuindo para o entendimento de como perdas de posses simbólicas assemelham-se à morte da identidade e afetam o eu e sua extensão. A abordagem de Kubler-Ross (2000) procurou preencher lacuna teórica identificada por Black, (2011) e por Smyczek e Glowik (2011) com relação aos efeitos da perda no comportamento do consumidor. / [en] This study seek to identify affective answers due to involuntary losses of symbolic possessions of low-income people who socially ascended in the period from 2003 to 2013 identifying themselves as members of the Brazilian middle class. Due to the economic crisis, these consumers suffered symbolically significant losses that affected the constitution of part of their self. Starting from the understanding that those losses go beyond simple material deprivation and extend to the construction of an acquired identity, the work proposes that affective responses to involuntary losses stablish a strong relationship with the phases identified by Kubler-Ross (2000): denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance. Twelve consumers who had risen socially and also were recently hit by the economic crisis were interviewed, having suffered considerable upheavals in their construction of the self. The phenomenological interviews were conducted and interpreted as proposed by Thompson, Locander and Pollio (1989 – 2015). The phases of reaction to loss were evident in the experience lived by the interviewees, contributing to the understanding how losses of symbolic possessions resemble the death of the identity also affect the self and its extent. Kubler-Ross s (2000) approach sought to fill the theoretical gap identified by Black (2011) and Smyczeck and Glowick (2011) regarding the effects of loss on consumer behavior.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-12-23T14:37:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana da Silva Lopes.pdf: 2414798 bytes, checksum: 67809d72d5f7f2831fb1cfd839977509 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-08-28 / O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o crescimento e desenvolvimento de clones de eucalipto, analisando as respostas ecofisiológicas, em áreas sob diferentes condições climáticas, em duas épocas do ano. O estudo do comportamento de clones de eucalipto em relação às trocas gasosas, e as medidas de crescimento, se fazem necessário para tomar decisões que levem a uma maior produção, reduzindo custo e aumentando a eficiência no uso da água, otimizando assim a produção florestal. O experimento foi conduzido em duas áreas, uma no município de Aracruz, ao norte do Estado do Espírito Santo, e outra no município de Montezuma, norte do Estado de Minas Gerais. Foram utilizados dez clones produzidos pela Aracruz Celulose S/A, na unidade Barra do Riacho, pertencente ao município de Aracruz, Espírito Santo. Em outubro de 2008 foi realizada a primeira campanha, denominada período 1, e entre abril e maio de 2009 foi realizada a segunda campanha (período 2). As variáveis medidas nas duas áreas e nas duas épocas foram às seguintes: altura total da planta, diâmetro na altura do peito (DAP), área foliar e matéria seca de galhos, caule, folhas e raízes. Além das variáveis de trocas gasosas, fotossíntese, condutância estomática e transpiração e o potencial hídrico foliar. Na área experimental de Aracruz, por apresentar maior disponibilidade hídrica durante o período de avaliação, os clones obtiveram os maiores valores de biomassa seca da parte aérea, principalmente no compartimento caule, onde os clones na área experimental de Aracruz apresentaram crescimento três vezes maior do que os em Montezuma analisando a primeira campanha em relação à segunda. Os clones que se destacaram em Aracruz foram o 3 e o 4, apresentando os maiores valores no compartimento caule, na altura e no DAP, em ambas as campanhas. Em Montezuma o clone que se destaca é o 7, com maiores valores em altura e biomassa seca da parte aérea. Todas as variáveis fisiológicas analisadas obtiveram maiores valores no período 2. Os clones em Montezuma, no período 1 obtiveram maior taxa fotossintética e maior potencial hídrico foliar. Por Montezuma apresentar um período de seca maior e uma maior deficiência hídrica durante o período experimental, espera-se que a taxa fotossintética fosse menor. Porém nos dias de avaliação da primeira campanha, constatou que em Montezuma havia mais água no solo do que Aracruz, pois apresentou uma umidade do solo de 9,67 % em Aracruz e 12% em Montezuma. No período 2 os clones em Aracruz, apresentaram maior taxa fotossintética, maior transpiração e maior potencial hídrico foliar, provavelmente porque entre a primeira campanha e a segunda, esta área, obteve déficit hídrico duas vezes menor que Montezuma. Os clones 1 e 4 em geral obtiveram maiores valores em ambas as áreas, no período 1, isso indica que mesmo crescendo sob deficiência hídrica, são clones competitivos e que provavelmente possuem uma estratégia de sobrevivência independente do local onde esteja se desenvolvendo / The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth and development of eucalyptus clones, analyzing the ecophysiology answers, in areas under different climatic conditions, in two periods of the year. The study of the behavior of eucalyptus clones in relation to the gaseous changes and the growth measures are necessary to make decisions that leads to a larger production, reducing cost and increasing the efficiency in the use of the water, optimizing, thus, the forest production. The experiment was driven in two areas, one in the Aracruz city, at the north of Espírito Santo State, the other in the Montezuma city, north of Minas Gerais State. Ten clones were used produced by Aracruz Celulose S/A, in the unit Barra do Riacho, belonging to the Aracruz city, Espírito Santo. In October of 2008 (period 1) the first campaign was accomplished, and between April and May of 2009 the second campaign was accomplished (period 2). The measured variables in the two areas and in the two periods went the following ones: total height of the plant, diameter at the chest height (DAP), foliate area and dry matter of the leaves, branches, stem and roots. Besides the variables of gaseous changes, photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and trasnpiration and the leaf potential water. In the experimental area of Aracruz, by presenting larger hídric availability during the evaluation period, the clones obtained the largest dry biomass values of the aerial part, mainly in the compartment stem, where the clones in the experimental area of Aracruz presented growth three times larger than in the Montezuma, analyzing the first campaign in relation to the second campaign. The clones that stood out in Aracruz were the 3 and the 4, presenting the largest values in the compartment stem, in the height and in DAP, in both campaigns. In Montezuma the clone that distinguishes is the 7, with larger values in height and dry biomass of the aerial part. All the analyzed physiologic variables obtained more satisfactory values at that period 2. The clones in Montezuma, at that period 1obtained larger photosynthesis rate and larger leaf potential water. In order that Montezuma presents a larger period 1 and a larger hydric deficiency during the experimental period, it is expected that the photosynthesis rate is smaller. However in the days of evaluation of the first campaign, it verified that in Montezuma there was more water in the soil than Aracruz, because it presented a soil humidity of 9,67% in Aracruz and 12% in Montezuma. At that period 2 the clones in Aracruz, presented larger photosynthesis rate , larger trasnpiration and larger leaf potential water, probably because between the first campaign and second, this area, obtained hydric deficit twice times smaller than Montezuma. The clones 1 and 4 in general obtained satisfactory values in both areas, in the dry period, what indicates that even growing under hydric deficiency, they are competitive clones and that probably possess a strategy of an independent survival of the place where they are growing

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Contemporaneous organizations, inserted in a dynamic environment and with constant changes, need to keep up to date, answering strategically to institutional pressure from government, clients, public organs, society and their institutionalization sector to sustainable practices and the achievement of new markets. The objective of this study is to analyze how strategic answers to institutional pressure for sustainability interact with the level of internationalization in companies from furniture industry sector in RS. To do so, the research has been done in two parts. The first part consisted in an exploratory research with qualitative approach, which has been done by explanatory interviews with three companies from furniture industry sector from RS. The qualitative data has been analyzed using techniques of content analysis. In the second part, a descriptive and quantitative approach has been done by the use of a survey. A questionnaire was developed based on the qualitative results and the literature about the theme. The quantitative data has been analyzed by univariated, bivariated and multivariated statistics techniques. The conceptual research model is based on two constructs. To identify the strategic answers to institutional pressure to sustainability, the model of Oliver (1991) has been used, and the level of internationalization was evaluated based on the indicators from Floriani (2010). The results show a different behavior in strategic answer in each part. While most of quantitative step s respondents had acquiescence answers, the answers in qualitative part show that they take more active decisions, such us compromise and escape. This result is similar to the one found in the literature which states that companies answer in a different way due to institutional pressure. In relation to internationalization level, it can be noted that the percentage of returns to sells in internationalization activities is still low. This result could be related to the choice of input model, which is generally the exportation. This input strategy in international markets offers less risk, and demands less investment, such us executives in exterior. Furthermore, companies indicate that, in countries with international transactions, the demand in sustainable terms is not a decisive criteria for business. This way, it has been possible to see that the companies investigated have a low level of internationalization. In relation to correlated factors, it has been seen that the commitment is associated, although in low level, to the way companies enter in exterior. This association suggests that, as companies choose for different levels of input in international market, the compromising of these companies with new countries arises. So, strategic answers to institutional pressure for sustainability relate with the level of internationalization, anyway, this association is still low and moderate. / Inseridas em um ambiente dinâmico e em constantes transformações, as organizações contemporâneas precisam manter-se atualizadas, de forma a responderem estrategicamente às pressões institucionais recebidas do governo, clientes, órgãos públicos, sociedade, e de seu próprio segmento para a institucionalização de práticas sustentáveis e o alcance de novos mercados na arena global. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar como as respostas estratégicas dadas às pressões institucionais para a sustentabilidade se relacionam com o grau de internacionalização em empresas do setor moveleiro do RS. Para tanto, a pesquisa foi realizada em duas etapas. A primeira etapa consistiu em uma pesquisa exploratória com abordagem qualitativa e foi operacionalizada por meio de entrevistas exploratórias com três empresas do setor moveleiro do Rio Grande do Sul (RS). Os dados qualitativos foram analisados utilizando-se de técnicas de análise de conteúdo. Na segunda, o estudo caracterizou-se como uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva e abordagem quantitativa e foi concretizada por meio do método survey. O instrumento de pesquisa utilizado nesta etapa foi um questionário desenvolvido com base nos resultados da etapa qualitativa e na literatura sobre o tema. Os dados quantitativos foram analisados por meio de técnicas estatísticas univariadas, bivariadas e multivariadas. O modelo conceitual da pesquisa baseia-se em dois construtos. Para identificar às respostas estratégicas às pressões institucionais para a sustentabilidade utilizou-se do modelo de Oliver (1991), e o grau de internacionalização foi avaliado com base nos indicadores de Floriani (2010). Os resultados obtidos apontam um comportamento de respostas estratégicas diferente para cada etapa. Enquanto a maioria dos respondentes da etapa quantitativa admite respostas do tipo aquiescência, os entrevistados na etapa qualitativa demostram tomar decisões mais ativas, como compromisso e fuga. Esse resultado vem ao encontro da literatura que apregoa que as empresas respondem de formas diferentes, em razão das pressões institucionais impostas. Com relação ao grau de internacionalização, pode-se notar que é baixo o percentual de retorno das vendas das atividades internacionais. Este resultado poderia ser atribuído à escolha do modo de entrada predominante ser a exportação. Esta estratégia de entrada no mercado internacional oferece menos riscos, e demanda menos investimentos, como o caso da atuação de executivos no exterior. Além disso, as empresas indicam que, os países nos quais as organizações têm mantido operações internacionais, as exigências em termos sustentáveis ainda não são um critério decisivo para as negociações. Assim, foi possível constatar que as empresas investigadas possuem um baixo grau de internacionalização. No que tange aos fatores correlacionados, verificou-se que o fator compromisso está associado, embora em nível baixo, com o modo de entrada no exterior. Esta associação sugere que, à medida que as empresas optam por diferentes níveis de entrada no mercado internacional, aumenta o comprometimento destas empresas com os novos países. Constatou-se assim, que as respostas estratégicas às pressões institucionais para a sustentabilidade se relacionam com o grau de internacionalização, no entanto, esta associação apresenta-se como de nível fraco e moderado.

In recent years, knowledge graphs(KGs) have become essential tools for visualizing concepts and retrieving contextual information. However, constructing KGs for new and specialized domains like Positive Energy Districts (PEDs) presents unique challenges, particularly when dealing with unstructured texts and ambiguous concepts from academic articles. This study focuses on various strategies for constructing and inferring KGs, specifically incorporating entities related to PEDs, such as projects, technologies, organizations, and locations. We utilize visualization techniques and node embedding methods to explore the graph's structure and content and apply filtering techniques and t-SNE plots to extract subgraphs based on specific categories or keywords. One of the key contributions is using the longest path method, which allows us to uncover intricate relationships, interconnectedness between entities, critical paths, and hidden patterns within the graph, providing valuable insights into the most significant connections. Additionally, community detection techniques were employed to identify distinct communities within the graph, providing further understanding of the structural organization and clusters of interconnected nodes with shared themes. The paper also presents a detailed evaluation of a question-answering system based on the KG, where the Universal Sentence Encoder was used to convert text into dense vector representations and calculate cosine similarity to find similar sentences. We assess the system's performance through precision and recall analysis and conduct statistical comparisons of graph embeddings, with Node2Vec outperforming DeepWalk in capturing similarities and connections. For edge prediction, logistic regression, focusing on pairs of neighbours that lack a direct connection, was employed to effectively identify potential connections among nodes within the graph. Additionally, probabilistic edge predictions, threshold analysis, and the significance of individual nodes were discussed. Lastly, the advantages and limitations of using existing KGs(Wikidata and DBpedia) versus constructing new ones specifically for PEDs were investigated. It is evident that further research and data enrichment is necessary to address the scarcity of domain-specific information from existing sources.