There is limited research on the use of results-based management (RBM) in schools, therefore this study focussed on developing a sustainable and effective RBM model. The objectives of the study were to identify the obstacles encountered in implementing RBM in primary and secondary schools in the Goromonzi District, identify and describe the steps taken in developing and sustaining an effective RBM model, and to develop a sustainable and effective RBM model suitable for both Zimbabwean primary and secondary schools. A qualitative research method was used since the researcher’s interest was to gain insight into and understanding of school heads’ and teachers’ perceptions, concerns and experiences in their real world conditions when implementing RBM. The study covered ten purposely selected schools in the Goromonzi District. Semi-structured individual and focus group interviews were conducted with the school heads and teachers. To enhance the validity of the findings, this study adhered to ethical principles and techniques. The following salient findings that emerged from the study were that the school heads and teachers had a negative perception of IRBM because a top-down approach was used when it was introduced and the system was not customised since it was merely “imported” from a developed country whose context was different from the Zimbabwean socio-political and economic environment. There was also a serious dearth of financial resources to support the system and this affected the quality of RBM training negatively. The lack of funding also led to the non-payment of incentives for the staff with regard to implementing RBM. It was also indicated that the senior Ministry of Primary and Secondary Education officials showed a lack of commitment and support for RBM. To address the implementation challenges it was indicated that resources had to be mobilised to ensure the capacitation of school heads and teachers and also for incentivising them. Incentivising staff is critical for the successful implementation of RBM. It was also noted that there was a need to develop a results culture in schools and train school heads in change management. It was concluded that a home grown RBM model that was context sensitive to the Zimbabwean situation was required. As envisaged, the study resulted in the development of the three phased Zimbabwe results-based management practical model (ZRBMPM). The first phase addresses RBM implementing challenges and the second phase focusses on incentivising staff to promote the effective implementation of results management. The last phase entails the production of the results. / Educational Leadership and Management / D. Ed. (Education Management)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T16:34:49Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ion de Freitas.pdf: 802705 bytes, checksum: 4e00d50acf069e67f95c70b5e2f49f04 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-12-10 / The goal of this study was to describe the dimension levels of social support (emotional and practical) and of emotional balance, to analyze its correlations and to investigate its relations with socio-demographic variables of a group of people who participate of a program of emotional and informational support in a charity institution of São Paulo. The researched sample, chosen randomly, consisted of 95 males and females with average age of 47, 99 years (SD=12,11). The gathering data instrument was an auto fill questionnaire composed by two measures which checked the variables of the study (perception, social support, positive and negative affects), besides the socio-demographic data. Descriptive statistic analyzes were used, differences between averages were tested, and correlation rates between variables were calculated as well. The results have shown that there are no significant differences in the perception of social support (emotional and practical) and the socio-demographic variables, sex, work, study, volunteering, time at the institution, level of education and marital status. The youngest, less than 30 years old, revealed more perception of social support (emotional and practical). They also revealed that there is no significant difference of the emotional balance towards the socio-demographic variable, except for the volunteer work which echoed expressive and positively over the emotional balance. The analyses of the relations between social support (emotional and practical) and age revealed the existence of a significant correlation, low and negative, that is, with an increase in age there s a tendency to lightly describe the perception of social support. The description of the levels of social support revealed that the perceptions of emotional and practical support (tangible and appraisal support) are significantly different, though the difference between the averages is small, prevailing the perception of higher emotional support. The description of the emotional balance scores showed that around three quarters of the interviewed have registered positive emotional balance and around one fourth have registered negative emotional balance. Significant correlation between emotional balance and age were not identified. The analyses of the relations between emotional support, practical support and emotional balance reveled significant and positive correlations, that is, with an increase in perception of the social support (emotional and practical) there is a tendency to increase the emotional balance. The results of this study might contribute to the comprehension of the psychological state of the investigated individuals, as well as, raise, to the managers of institutions, reflections on the improvement of assistential program services.(AU) / O objetivo deste estudo foi descrever os níveis de dimensões de suporte social (emocional e prático) e de balanço emocional, analisar as suas correlações e investigar as suas relações com variáveis sócio demográficas de um grupo de pessoas que participam de programa de apoio emocional e informacional em uma instituição beneficente de São Paulo. A amostra pesquisada, escolhida aleatoriamente, consistiu de 95 pessoas do sexo masculino e feminino com idade média de 47,99 anos (DP=12,11). O instrumento de coleta de dados foi um questionário de auto preenchimento composto por duas medidas que aferiram as variáveis de estudo (percepção de suporte social, afetos positivos e negativos), além dos dados sócio demográficos. Foram utilizadas análises estatísticas descritivas, testadas diferenças entre médias, bem como calculados os índices de correlação entre as variáveis. Os resultados mostraram que não há diferenças significativas na percepção de suporte social (emocional e prático) e as variáveis sócio demográficas sexo, trabalho, estudo, voluntariado, permanência na instituição, escolaridade e estado civil. Os mais jovens, com menos de 30 anos, revelaram maior percepção do suporte social (emocional e prático). Revelaram também que não há diferença significativa do balanço emocional em relação às variáveis sócio demográficas, com exceção do trabalho voluntário que repercutiu expressiva e positivamente no balanço emocional. A análise das relações entre suporte social (emocional e prático) e idade revelou existir uma correlação significativa, baixa e negativa, isto é, com o aumento da idade há uma tendência a decrescer levemente a percepção de suporte social. A descrição dos níveis de suporte social revelou que as percepções de suporte emocional e prático são significativamente diferentes, embora a diferença entre as médias seja pequena, prevalece a percepção de maior suporte emocional. A descrição dos escores de balanço emocional revelou que cerca de três quartos dos entrevistados registrou balanço emocional positivo e cerca de um quarto registrou balanço emocional negativo. Não foi constatada correlação significativa entre balanço emocional e idade. As análises das relações entre suporte emocional, suporte prático e balanço emocional revelaram correlações significativas e positivas, isto é, com um acréscimo na percepção de suporte social (emocional e prático) há a tendência de acréscimo no balanço emocional. Portanto, os resultados deste estudo poderão contribuir para a compreensão do quadro psicológico dos indivíduos pesquisados, bem como, suscitar aos gestores de instituições reflexões para o aprimoramento dos serviços de programas assistenciais.(AU)

A sistematização da avaliação de desempenho, levando-se em consideração a história da organização do trabalho, apresenta uma trajetória relativamente recente. Entretanto, o ato de avaliar sempre esteve presente no processo evolutivo da humanidade e o ser humano, desde o seu nascimento, é constantemente avaliado no âmbito de seus pares. O objetivo geral do estudo consistiu em analisar o processo de avaliação de desempenho de profissionais da saúde em uma instituição hospitalar pública. Desse eixo, desdobraram-se os objetivos específicos: caracterizar aspectos do ato de avaliar e do espaço/momento de ser avaliado na percepção dos sujeitos envolvidos nesse processo; identificar os aspectos que dinamizam e/ou obstaculizam o processo de avaliação de desempenho e discutir com a equipe multiprofissional estratégias facilitadoras do processo de avaliação de desempenho. Em Paulo Freire encontrou-se o marco teórico conceitual para ancorar a questão de estudo. A pesquisa tramitou na Plataforma Brasil, obtendo aprovação sob o CAAE número 47689015.0.0000.5347 e foi desenvolvida com profissionais da saúde de um hospital público, localizado em Porto Alegre, RS. Propôs-se uma investigação qualitativa, descritiva-exploratória, numa perspectiva dialética-emancipatória, em duas etapas, tendo coletado os dados entre novembro de 2015 e abril de 2016. Na primeira etapa participaram 65 trabalhadores em dupla condição de avaliador-avaliado, mediante preenchimento de um Questionário Semiestruturado Autoaplicado. Os resultados parciais desta etapa constituíram-se nos disparadores dos debates na segunda etapa da pesquisa. Houve três encontros de Grupo Focal com a participação de seis profissionais provenientes da primeira etapa. Para análise dos resultados das questões fechadas do questionário empregou-se a análise descritiva, enquanto que as informações das questões abertas e aquelas oriundas do grupo focal foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo temática e colocadas em diálogo com os conceitos do marco conceitual que norteia o estudo. O perfil dos participantes caracteriza predomínio do sexo feminino (89%), idade média de 42,68 anos, mediana de 18 anos de tempo de serviço na área da saúde e 10 anos na instituição. Na condição de avaliados (35%) e de avaliadores (44%), os respondentes consideram satisfatória a condução da entrevista avaliativa. Já a privacidade e confidencialidade no processo avaliativo é assegurada em ambas condições, alcançando índice de 65% das respostas. Para 51% dos participantes, o instrumento é adequado e supre demandas, mas, embora não explicitados, houve menção a entraves que derivam da cultura organizacional. Nos debates do grupo focal, os trabalhadores sinalizaram que a finalidade da avaliação de desempenho está vinculada à oportunidade para o desenvolvimento profissional, enfatizando a necessidade de alicerçá-la em um contexto dialógico capaz de potencializar a autorreflexão, a troca de saberes e a construção coletiva do conhecimento. Também, foi pontuado a respeito da cultura sobre avaliação de desempenho enquanto dinamizador/obstaculizador do processo avaliativo. Ainda, estratégias foram discutidas pelo grupo, reforçando a consolidação e fomento de espaços para diálogo e o impulso à noção de co-responsabilidade entre avaliador e avaliado para o exercício de um processo avaliativo crítico e propositivo. / Considering the history of work organization, the systematization of performance appraisal is somewhat recent. However, evaluation has always been part of the evolutionary process of mankind, once man is constantly assessed by his peers. This study aims to analyze the process of performance appraisal of professionals in a public hospital. More specifically, it focuses on three objectives: to characterize the evaluation process and the location/moment of one’s state of being assessed under the perspective of the subjects; to identify points that enhance and/or hinder such process; and to discuss with the multi-professional team strategies to facilitate the performance appraisal process. This study was based on Paulo Freire’s conceptual framework. It was submitted to Plataforma Brasil, and approved under the CAAE code 47689015.0.0000.5347. It was carried out with health professionals in a public hospital in Porto Alegre, Brazil. This research employed a qualitative, descriptive-exploratory approach under a dialetical-emancipatory perspective. The data were collected between November 2015 and April 2016. The study comprised two phases. In the first phase, 65 professionals took part in the study both as evaluator and the person being assessed, filling out a Semi-Structured Questionnaire. The partial results from this phase triggered the debates in the second phase of the research. There were three focus group sessions with six professionals from the first phase. Descriptive analysis was employed for the results of the closed-ended questions, while the information gathered from the open-ended questions and focus groups was examined through thematic- content analysis and later discussed based on Freire’s conceptual framework. The subjects were mostly female (89%) and their average age was between 42 and 68 years old. They had been working for approximately 18 years in health care and 10 years at the hospital. The subjects being assessed (35%) as well as the evaluators (44%) considered the conduct of the appraisal interview satisfactory. Privacy and confidentiality of the evaluation process were also ensured in both conditions, reaching 65% of the answers. According to 51% of the participants, the tool is appropriate and meets the demands, but obstacles derived from organizational culture were mentioned, although not explicitly. In the focus group sessions, the employees linked the aim of the performance appraisal to professional development, which reinforces the need to base it on a dialogical context that promotes self-reflection, knowledge exchange, and collective construction of knowledge. Moreover, the subjects also highlighted that the culture of performance appraisal both enhanced and hindered the evaluation process. The group also discussed strategies, which shows the need for fostering opportunities for dialogue as well as for the encouragement of accountability between the evaluator and the one being assessed, in order to promote a critical and constructive evaluation process. / La sistematización de la evaluación de desempeño, llevándose en consideración la historia de la organización del trabajo, presenta una trayectoria relativamente reciente. Sin embargo, el acto de evaluar siempre estuvo presente en el proceso evolutivo de la humanidad y el ser humano, desde su nacimiento, es constantemente evaluado en el ámbito de sus pares. El objetivo general del estudio consistió en analizar el proceso de evaluación de desempeño de profesionales de la salud en una institución hospitalaria pública. De ese eje, se desdoblan los objetivos específicos: caracterizar aspectos del acto de evaluar y del espacio/momento de ser evaluado en la percepción de los sujetos involucrados en ese proceso; identificar los aspectos que dinamizan y/u obstaculizan el proceso de evaluación de desempeño y discutir con el equipo multiprofesional estrategias facilitadoras del proceso de evaluación de desempeño. En Paulo Freire se encontró el marco teórico conceptual para anclar la cuestión de estudio. La investigación tramitó en la Plataforma Brasil, obteniendo aprobación bajo el CAAE número 47689015.0.0000.5347 y fue desarrollada con profesionales de la salud de un hospital público, ubicado en Porto Alegre, RS. Se propuso una investigación cualitativa, descriptiva-exploratoria, en una perspectiva dialéctica-emancipatoria, en dos etapas, habiendo recolectado los datos entre noviembre de 2015 y abril de 2016. En la primera etapa participaron 65 trabajadores en doble condición de evaluador-evaluado, mediante llenado de un Cuestionario Semiestructurado Autoaplicado. Los resultados parciales de esta etapa se constituyeron en los disparadores de los debates en la segunda etapa de la investigación. Hubo tres encuentros de Grupo Focal con la participación de seis profesionales provenientes de la primera etapa. Para análisis de los resultados de las preguntas cerradas del cuestionario se empleó el análisis descriptivo, mientras que las informaciones de los temas abiertos y aquellos oriundos del grupo focal se sometieron al análisis de contenido temático y colocados en diálogo con los conceptos del marco conceptual que guía el estudio. El perfil de los participantes caracteriza predominio del sexo femenino (89%), edad promedio de 42,68 años, mediana de 18 años de tiempo de servicio en el área de la salud y 10 años en la institución. En la condición de evaluados (35%) y de evaluadores (44%), los que respondieron consideran satisfactoria la conducción de la entrevista evaluativa. Ya la privacidad y confidencialidad en el proceso evaluativo es asegurada en ambas condiciones, alcanzando índice del 65% de las respuestas. Para el 51% de los participantes, el instrumento es adecuado y suple demandas, pero, aunque no se explicite, hubo mención a trabas que derivan de la cultura organizacional. En los debates del grupo focal, los trabajadores señalaron que la finalidad de la evaluación de desempeño está vinculada a la oportunidad para el desarrollo profesional, enfatizando la necesidad de cimentarla en un contexto dialógico capaz de potenciar la autorreflexión, el intercambio de saberes y la construcción colectiva del conocimiento. También, se puntuó sobre la cultura sobre evaluación de desempeño como dinamizador/obstaculizador del proceso evaluativo. También, el grupo discutió estrategias, reforzando la consolidación y fomento de espacios para diálogo y el impulso a la noción de corresponsabilidad entre evaluador y evaluado para el ejercicio de un proceso evaluativo crítico y propositivo.

A good motivation and stimulation system is necessary to induct employees in a specific way towards goals stated by the motivator. This final project deals about the company motivation and stimulation system. The goal {\"\i}s to find out some solutions how to better the system and use motivators more effective. I have chosen a questionnaire method for determining goals and the research has been carried out in the international retail selling company. After evalution of the answers I found out that the employees weren´t satisfied with the motivators used in the company. I suggested some ways how to better the situation in the company and make the emplyees satisfied.

Much of the effort that goes into a purchasing decision occurs at the stage where a choice has to be made from the available alternative clothing products (Solomon & Rabolt, 2009:392). In this phase of the decision making process, consumers’ perceptions of the clothing item they anticipate to purchase includes evaluation of the clothing and the application of specific evaluative criteria in order to assess the suitability of the clothing item (Saricam, Kalaoglu, Ozdygu & Urun, & 2012:2). Evaluative criteria are the specifications or standards that consumers use when comparing and assessing alternatives (Forney, Park & Brandon, 2005:158). Because consumer needs vary not only by the product they want to purchase but also in terms of information (Forney et al., 2005:158), identifying the evaluative criteria that consumers use in the clothing purchasing decision-making process may provide an insight into preferences relative to specific products, such as clothing. While several studies have shown that the purchasing decision can be influenced by individual differences as well as environmental influences, it is no doubt that the investigation of each of these variables provides important clues to understanding consumer purchase decision broadly, but are limited in some parts in their explanations when it comes to clothing purchasing decision. Literature has highlighted the significance of body shape on clothing preferences because of the inherent relationship between the clothing product and the body. The difference in body shape often determines how clothing will drape on a figure, how comfortable the garment feels and ultimately how the clothing product will be evaluated by the consumer. Moreover, personal values, which are defined as the desired end-states have been shown to be one of the most powerful explanations of, and influence on the way consumers are likely to behave in a specific situation, such as the purchasing of new clothing product, the process that includes evaluation, choosing among the alternatives and finally the purchasing decision (Vincent 2014:119; Kim et al. 2002:481; Laverie, Klein & Klein, 1993:2). Additionally, while in the process of evaluating various clothing attributes for the suitability of the clothing product in terms of body shape and personal values, female consumers may experience either positive or negative emotions (Zeelenberg et al., 2008:18), depending on how the clothing is assessed. Most theories of emotional influences on decision making take the valence-based approach (Lerner & Keltener, 2000:473), focusing on the effects of positive versus negative emotional states. However, Lerner and Keltener (2000:473), have suggested that emotion specific approach, in particular the Appraisal-Tendency Framework (ATF) model is more effective to understand and predict the influence of specific emotions on decision making and behaviour. Consumers’ choice of the clothes based on the evaluative criteria during the decision making process is regarded as a form of consumer input to the clothing manufacturing and design (May-Plumee & Little, 2006:62). Since these underlying factors are regarded as important for understanding the rationale behind consumer clothing purchasing decision and behaviour, a thorough investigation of such factors on how they impact clothing evaluative criteria is greatly necessary. This may help and guide the clothing manufacturers and retailer on how to design and produce clothing products that are most relevant for the needs and preferences of South African female consumers. The study, therefore, aimed to determine the influence of body shape and personal values on women’s preferences for and use of intrinsic evaluative criteria (styling/design, colour/pattern, appearance, appropriateness/acceptance, fit/sizing, comfort and fibre content/material) in the purchasing of casual blouse/top, trouser/skirt and dress. Information on the relevant importance of various clothing product attributes in the consumers’ mind may provide clothing manufacturers and designers with the basis for effective new clothing product development and marketing strategies. Furthermore, considering that emotions are involved in clothing purchasing decision, the study also focused on understanding the influence of emotions on clothing purchasing decision and subsequent behaviour. This study reflected the postpositive philosophical worldview which is typically associated with quantitative approach. In this case, the study assumed quantitative research design and methods and is regarded as exploratory in nature. Using purposeful, convenient and snowball techniques, the sample was solicited in Gauteng, Johannesburg, South Africa. A total of 316 women aged between 18 and 66 plus years old took part in the study. A survey using a group administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data from the respondents. The group administered questionnaire included demographic information of the participants, self-reported perceived body shape measure, personal values measure, evaluative measure and emotions measure. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographic information, as well as on overall data before inferential statistics were performed. Inferential statistics such as the z-test was applied to establish the significant evaluative criteria and to test the proportions of the selected emotions. Chi-Square test of independence was used to determine the association between body shape evaluative criteria investigated, while nonlinear canonical correlation analysis (OVERALS) was performed to establish the relationship between personal values and evaluative criteria and lastly, discriminant analysis was used determine purchasing behaviour. The analysis established that fit/sizing and comfort are the most important evaluative criteria that women consider in the purchasing of casual clothing categories studied. Respondents, also agreed that styling/design was the determinant evaluative criteria when purchasing a casual dress, while fit/sizing was the determinant evaluative criteria in the purchasing of a casual blouse/top and trouser/skirt. The results further showed that respondents in this study who perceive themselves to be diamond shaped, think colour/pattern is very important particularly when purchasing a casual blouse/top. However, when purchasing a trouser/skirt, the results reflected that the oval body shaped respondents think styling/design is very important, while respondents who perceive themselves to be rectangular body shaped, consider comfort when purchasing a casual dress. With regards to the relationship between personal values and evaluative criteria, the study found that when purchasing a casual blouse, respondents consider the appearance for the achievement of warm relationship with others, excitement and confidence. The results also indicated that through fit/size of a blouse/top, female consumers strongly aspired for self-respect. The results further showed that through the styling/design of a blouse/top, female consumers in this study want to achieve self-fulfillment, while a sense of accomplishment is influenced by the comfort of a casual blouse/top. On the other hand it was also revealed that appropriateness/acceptability of a casual blouse/top seemed to influence fun and enjoyment as well as sense of belonging. In the purchasing of a casual trouser/skirt, the results clearly showed that in order to achieve a warm relationship with others, female consumers strongly considered the fibre content/material and colour/pattern of trouser/skirt. The results also suggested that consumer considered the appearance of a trouser/skirt for the achievement of sense of belonging and self-fulfillment, while the styling/design of a trouser/skirt was somewhat considered for attainment of excitement. Through the fit/sizing of a casual trouser/skirt, it was shown that female consumers strongly aspired to achieve self-respect, confidence as well as fun and enjoyment. The results further highlighted that respondents considered appropriateness/acceptability of a casual trouser to somewhat influence being well-respected, while comfort of a casual trouser somewhat influenced a sense of accomplishment. In the purchasing of a casual dress, the results indicated that in order to achieve excitement and a warm relationship with others, female consumers in this study considered the appearance. The results further suggested that through the appearance of dress respondents somewhat also aspired for a sense of belonging. On the other hand, the results clearly revealed that respondents will consider fibre content/material, styling/design, fit/sizing and colour of casual dress in order to achieve self-respect, self-fulfillment, confidence, being well-respected and a sense of accomplishment. Lastly the results demonstrated that the best behaviour that drives the emotion “disgust” is “I walk away”. On the other had the best behaviour that drives the emotion “sadness” is “I spend more time shopping around”. The results were fully consistent and gave support to the emotions specific hypothesis (ATF) which postulates that different emotions of the same valence for instance, “disgust” and “sad”, both being negative, can exert opposing influences on decision making and behavior. However, concerning the positive specific emotions, it emerged that there were no behaviour differences between the emotions “happiness” and “contentment”, probably, suggesting unpredictable behaviour. It is, therefore, recommended that clothing designers and retailers should have a knowledge of the attributes that are preferred by female consumers of various body shape. It is also recommended that clothing manufacturers and retailers should endeavor to understand the value systems of their target. This study has contributed to the body of knowledge of understanding the role that body shape, personal values and emotions play in the clothing purchasing decision and behaviour. / Life and Consumer Sciences / Ph. D. (Consumer Science)

The aim of the study was to determine the extent of the psychological influence that human cadaver dissection has on Homoeopathy and Chiropractic students. Changes in axiety levels, appraisals (of the self, the situation and the environment), coping strategies and behavioural changes were investigated during the following four dissection phases: (i) before the dissection started (preparation); (ii) the first dissection period (exposure); (iii) two weeks after dissection started (development of resources) and (iv) three months after dissection started (stabilisation). Anxiety levels were measured using the Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale and the Templer Death Anxiety Scale. The remaining sections of the self-administered questionnaire included open and closed ended sections. Anxiety levels were found to be low, possibly due to students being previously exposure to the dissection hall, during peer tutoring sessions. Although active coping strategies were used most often, no clear pattern emerged with regard to which coping strategy was more effective in dealing with dissection anxiety. / Psychology / M. Sc. (Psychology)

Text in English, summary in English and Afrikaans / The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of a performance management training programme on the attitudes of managers towards performance management. The research question was whether a performance management training intervention would change managers' attitude towards performance management. The respondent group consisted of 101 managers who responded to an advertisement and willingly participated in a performance management training programme. A quasi-experimental research design was used in which a pre-test and post-test was applied to the respondent group. The managers in the respondent group completed the same assessment instrument (or questionnaire) before and six months after the performance management training. The results of the empirical analysis indicated that female managers felt less positive about performance management than their male counterparts. No statistically significant change in the attitude and competency of managers towards performance management was found after they had attended the performance management training programme. / Die doel van die studie was om die impak van 'n prestasiebestuuropleidingsprogram op die houdings van bestuurders ten opsigte van prestasiebestuur te ondersoek. Die navorsingsvraag was of 'n opleidingsintervensie in prestasiebestuur, bestuurders se houdings ten opsigte van prestasiebestuur sou verander. Die respondentegroep het uit 101 bestuurders bestaan wat op 'n advertensie gereageer het en vrywillig deelgeneem het aan 'n prestasiebestuuropleidingsprogram. 'n Kwasie-eksperimentele navorsingsontwerp is gebruik waartydens 'n voor- en na-toets op die respondente toegepas is. Die bestuurders in die respondentegroep het dieselfde evalueringsinstrument voor en ses maande na die prestasiebestuuropleiding ingevul. Die resultate van die empiriese ontleding het getoon dat vroulike bestuurders minder positief oor prestasiebestuur gevoel het as hul manlike kollegas. Geen betekenisvolle statistiese verandering in die houdings en vaardighede van bestuurders ten opsigte van prestasiebestuur is gevind nadat hulle die prestasiebestuurprogram bygewoon het nie. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.A. (Industrial Psychology)

The study has established that modernisation development paradigm is currently governing the contemporary world of conventional development. Globalisation is the tool currently in use for modernisation, drummed up by the North, largely targeting the resources of the Southern hemisphere, through Structural Adjustment Programmes. Social welfare development interventions have been devised to provide safety-net for the poor, social casualities of modernisation process. The short cut has been to bail them out through relief handouts. Participatory development concept, is built on the belief that the world had the means to improve the situation of the poor through fair redistribution of wealth, technology, knowledge, and ideas accruing from modernisation. But this calls for the political will to address the issue of inequality, power imbalance and social injustice as a primary goal. Achieving economic growth and ensuring equitable distribution should, of necessity, be compatible. Participatory development approach is to be preferred as it is accommodative, open and creative, drawing heavily from life experiences of those involved. It also puts people at the centre of development process. It is a paradigm that seeks to empower people to assume full responsibility for their own development including the consequences of their decisions and actions. It has been established that management boards and staff are the main prime movers of strategic planning activities in an organisation. Strategic planning was appreciated by the organisational staff as an opportunity to converge their views and towards influencing organisational policy, a precious window of opportunity for them to participate in causing organisational change. Notably, donor partners generally played a minimal role in this regard. Ironically, community constituency played the least role in the planning activities owing to their often marginal disposition among stakeholders. The most satisfactory outcome of participatory strategic planning was the clarity in the future direction of an organisations and more refined planning with sense of collective responsibility. It can authoritatively be declared here that participatory strategic planning is significantly efficacious as a tool for organisation building, but under certain conditions discussed in the concluding Chapter of the thesis. / Development Studies / D. Litt et Phil. (Development Studies)

The annual budget cycle in urban road/transport authorities by implication requires transport infrastructure projects to be ranked in terms of their relative value, to enable project selection by starting from the most deserving proposal. This follows from the fact that the total cost of feasible projects practically always exceeds available funds, signalling the need for some kind of selection protocol. Cost benefit analysis (CBA), when applied in a narrow sense, is not suitable for this purpose as it focuses on economic efficiency only. Attempts to broaden it have been criticized by some scholars. Although the diversity of impacts points to a multi-criteria analysis (MCA) approach, this is considered unscientific in certain quarters; at best, its practical value needs to be demonstrated. In the case of the City of Tshwane (CoT), problems with current project appraisal are evident in that different methods – none of which is defensible – are used, sometimes resulting in rankings that are contradictory. This thesis therefore attempts the following: (a) to develop a basic approach that combines the best elements of traditional methods; (b) to customize this approach to the specific context and needs of road authorities in the municipal sphere of government, using CoT as an example; and (c) to demonstrate the application of the resulting appraisal framework, utilizing appropriate decision-support software for this purpose. Recommendations include the following: An appraisal framework should combine CBA and MCA by adopting an overall MCA approach with economic efficiency – focusing on the optimal allocation of scarce resources – as one of the decision criteria. For completeness‟ sake, three additional decision criteria are deemed necessary: equity (focusing on income distribution impacts); sustainability (focusing on environmental impacts); and compatibility (focusing on the alignment of projects with stated goals and objectives). This framework may well apply to road authorities in other spheres of government – the optimum application in each case will depend on the composition of the relevant decision-making team. The inherent nature of project appraisal requires a two-phased approach in all cases: the evaluation of mutually exclusive alternatives, followed by the ranking of independent projects. State-of-the-art decision support software is indispensable for implementing this framework. / Transport Economics / D. Com. (Transport Economics)

The study examines the effectiveness of the implementation of Developmental Appraisal (DA) within the Integrated Quality Management System (IQMS) in selected secondary schools in Matlosana, North West Province. The methods used to gather information includes the literature review and the empirical investigation, based on the qualitative research approach, which involved six focus group interviews from the six sampled secondary schools in Matlosana Area Project Office, in the North West Province. The review of related literature revealed that there are roles and responsibilities officials are tasked with; processes; challenges; and effective strategies when implementing DA. The empirical investigation revealed that there are challenges that hamper the effective implementation of DA in schools. The challenges include: inadequate support from the Area Project Office; lack of resources for educator development; inadequate time frames for implementation; disruption of normal teaching and learning; lack of honesty on the part of the appraisee and appraiser; and conflict. At the end, the study recommends some strategies that can be used to overcome some of these challenges. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Educational Management)