One of the greatest challenges facing the clothing industry worldwide, including South Africa is to provide well fitting garments to a broadly defined target population (Ashdown, Loker & Rucker 2007:1; Schofield, Ashdown, Hethorn, LaBat & Salusso 2006:147). Yu (2004:32) further states that from the consumers’ perspective, physical and psychological comfort as well as appearance play an important role in determining a well fitting garment and these are most likely to be shaped by the individual’s personal values. According to Kaiser (1998:290), personal values refer to standards or principles that guide an individual’s actions and thoughts that help to define what is important by guiding one’s choices or preferences of how the garment should fit. Hence garment fit and the subsequent appearance serves as a personal expression, communicating some personal values to others (Kaiser 1998:290) that can be achieved through the fitting of the garment. When female consumers encounter garment fit problems either through body shapes, garment sizing or garment size label communication, an emotional experience may result due to the failure to attain the personal values they are aiming to uphold or achieve. Cognitive appraisal theory of emotions is one of the theories among others that attempts to understand why people experience emotions. Lazarus (2001:55) defines cognitive appraisal theory of emotions as a quick evaluation of a situation with respect to one’s wellbeing. The answers to these evaluations directly cause the emotions experienced by a person. Since clothing can be used to express personal values to others (Kaiser 1998:146), the social standards appraisal dimension which can be one of the evaluative questions in the theory of cognitive appraisal concerning a situation, was the relevant evaluative component which this study focused on. This appraisal dimension evaluates whether the situation, in this case the negative experience of an ill-fitting garment affects what the consumer aspires to achieve socially through garment fit. Numerous studies such as Horwaton and Lee (2010); Pisut and Connell (2007) and Alexander, Connell & Presley (2005) on the garment fit problems from a consumer’s perspective have mostly been conducted in developed countries with limited research focusing on the consumers and their emotional experiences with garment fit. Understanding the factors that contribution to the garment fit problem currently being faced by female consumers in South Africa is an essential step in creating awareness of how this problem affects female consumers emotionally and the influence it has on their purchasing decisions. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to determine the female consumers’ personal values attributed to garment fit and to identify the emotions resulting from the perceptions of garment fit. This study predominantly employed an exploratory qualitative research approach. Data were collected from a purposive and convenient sample of 62 females from the UNISA – Florida Campus and King David High School in Victory Park in Johannesburg, South Africa through a self-administered questionnaire. Data on the demographic profile that included the ethnicity and age of the participants as well as data on the psychographic profile of the participants concerning frequently patronized clothing retailers, garment fit preferences and self-reported body shapes were collected through closed-ended questions. These data were analysed using the quantitative method of descriptive analysis. In addition to the psychographic profile of the most frequently patronized clothing retailer and garment fit preferences, participants were further requested to provide reasons as to why they mostly patronized the clothing retailer they ranked number 1, and to provide a reason for their preferred garment fit option. Content analysis, a qualitative method, was used to analyse the reasons provided by the participants for both these questions. Content analysis was also performed on additional information on body shape and garment sizing as well as data on garment size label communication. Furthermore, the means-end chain approach through the hard laddering exercises was used to explore and determine the female consumers’ personal values and emotions depicted through the perceptions of garment fit. Data from the hard laddering interviews on body shapes and garment sizing were carefully coded and categorized into attributes, consequences and personal values. Data were presented through the hierarchical value maps (HVMs) which were constructed through the software program Mecanalyst V 9.1. The analysis established that attributes such as quality of garments, various garment styles, availability of sizes, and fashionable styles directed female consumers’ most frequented clothing retailers. These attributes seemed to be aligned with their personal values they seek when shopping for garments. The findings also showed that most female consumers in this study preferred semi-fitting pants, a blouse and garments in general, a reasonable number of the participants preferred tight-fitting pants (31%), and some participants preferred loose-fitting pants, a blouse and garments in general. The specific personal values such as the comfortability of the garment, modesty, cover-up perceived body shape “flaws” and slimming effect which female consumers in this study desire to achieved through clothing also influenced their garment fit preference. With regard to the perceived self-reported body shapes of the participants, the study reflected that the majority of the participants were triangular body shaped. The study further found that female consumers in this study have expectations of how a garment ought to fit their body. Their expectations seem to be shaped by certain personal values such as “confidence”, “freedom” or “look good” which they aspire to achieve through clothing and garment fit. However, due to variations in body shapes, problems of garment sizing they encounter when purchasing ready-to wear garments and the incorrect information communicated on the size labels or the lack thereof, the majority of the female consumers failed to achieve their personal values. As a result mainly negative emotions such as “frustrated”, “sad”, “confused” and “depressed” were expressed by the participants. With regards to the effect of the perceived garment fit on the purchasing decision, the study found that fit of the garment is an important determinant of making a purchase. However, where female consumers in this study showed an interest of purchasing, while aware of some fit problems, the study found that exceptional conditions such as the possibility of altering the garments and design features such as colours that would conceal their perceived “figure flaws, made it easier for them to decide to purchase. The study further highlighted that some participants only purchased their ready-to-wear garment at certain shops where their needs were catered for and only when they had enough time to try-on the garment they intend to purchase instead of relying on the garment sizing and garment size label communication. Where participants indicated they would not purchase a garment with fitting problems, the study found that some female consumers in this study copied the designs of the garments in the clothing retailers and had someone reproduce it for them, whilst a few female consumers refused to purchase a garment whose size label was incorrectly communicated. Lastly the study also revealed that most female consumers thought that body shape, garment sizing and garment size label communication contribute to garment fit problems female consumers are currently facing in South Africa. It is, therefore, recommended that clothing manufacturers consider the various body shapes in their garment charts, know the needs of their target market and also use uniform sizing and size labelling systems that are easily understood by consumers that purchase ready-to-wear garments from retailers in South Africa. / Life and Consumer Sciences / M. Sc. (Consumer Science)

The purpose of this research has been to investigate the relationships between team building, salutogenesis and performance. Team building was investigated by focusing on the directive and interactive dimensions of • climate • supervisory support • team work. Salutogenesis was investigated by focusing on the concepts of • sense of coherence • locus of control • self-efficacy. Work performance was investigated by focusing on • performance measurement criteria • self-appraisal as a cognitive mediator between performance and salutogenesis. In the literature survey a performance model was postulated to explain the relationships between team building, salutogenesis and performance. The personality profile of the optimal functioning individual in the context of the performance model was compiled from the personality profiles of the optimal functioning team member, the optimal functioning individual and the optimal performing individual. In the empirical investigation a sample (N = 245) of mine employees completed a battery of questionnaires using computerised data collection. The battery was subjected to item-test correlations, Cronbach alpha coefficient measurements and factor analyses, to establish the reliability and structure of each questionnaire. lntercorrelations were calculated and analysed to test the relationships between the dimensions, and concepts. Following this, the factor analysis of a five factor model established the relationships between the dimensions and concepts of team building, salutogenesis and performance. Finally, LISREL-analyses were performed to test the conceptual structure of the relationships. The empirical findings indicate that team building forms a construct based on directive and interactive dimension of climate, supervisory support and team work. Salutogenesis forms a construct and it includes the incorporation of work performance as a concept of salutogenic orientations. The relationship between the constructs was confirmed using LIS REL-analysis, thus validating the integration of the dimensions and properties within each construct into the properties of a performance model; and the personality profiles within each construct into the personality profile of the optimal functioning individual. The empirical results were integrated with the literature review. Team building and salutogenic orientations are integrated into a performance model which explains the relationships between the work environment, the behaviour of the individual and his/her performance within the context of the work environment. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Industrial Psychology)

The purpose of this study was to explore the perceptions of secondary school teachers in the Hardap Region Namibia. More specifically, the study explored teachers’ perceptions on how the National External School Evaluation (NESE) impacted teaching and learning in their classrooms. The study employed a qualitative design, using an in-depth face-to-face individual and focus group interviews instruments. Data were collected from twenty two (22) secondary school teachers who were randomly selected from the four (4) evaluated secondary schools in the Region. Thematic interpretive data analysis technique was used to analyse data by inducing themes as they emerge from the data. The findings revealed that Hardap Region secondary school teachers perceived NESE’ as “somewhat valuable”, with some positive and negative impacts on teaching and learning. Secondary school teachers also made some suggestions on how NESE can be improved to impact more positively on teaching and learning in their classroom. / Educational Leadership and Management / M. Ed. (Education Management)

Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-22T20:49:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-06-30 / Introdução: Apesar de relatos sobre a Atenção Integrada às Doenças Prevalentes na Infância (AIDPI) melhorar a assistência à saúde da criança até cinco anos, não são identificados estudos direcionados ao componente peri-neonatal dessa estratégia. Objetivo: avaliar, após a capacitação em AIDPI Neonatal, o conhecimento e a percepção de médicos e enfermeiros quanto à assistência à gestante e à criança do nascimento até os dois meses de vida, e sua aplicabilidade prática em uma região da Amazônia. Método: estudo de coorte constituída de 31 médicos e 61 enfermeiros provenientes de 24 municípios, que participaram de sete capacitações em seis Pólos Regionais de Saúde no interior do Pará, Amazônia, realizado de abr/2006 a dez/2008. O estudo foi conduzido em duas fases, consistindo a 1ª fase na aplicação presencial de cinco questionários antes (T1) e imediatamente após 24 horas (T2) de capacitação em AIDPI Neonatal, conforme diretrizes da OPAS em 2007, adaptadas ao nosso meio. A 2ª fase compreendeu a aplicação presencial dos mesmos questionários aos 92 profissionais, em média 16 (14-20) meses após a 1ª fase (T3). Os questionários abordaram dados demográficos dos profissionais em T1, o conhecimento sobre assistência à gestante, reanimação neonatal, puericultura e doenças até dois meses em T1, T2 e T3, além da avaliação da capacitação em T2 e da percepção das condições de assistência no município e no local de prática clínica em T1 e T3. Para estimar as diferenças entre os tempos e as categorias profissionais foram criados escores de zero (inadequação completa) a 100 (adequaçãocompleta) comparados por meio da análise de variância com medidas repetidas. Resultados: os 92 profissionais caracterizaram-se por ser do sexo feminino (83%), nascidos (74%) e graduados (79%) no Pará, atender crianças duas ou mais vezes por semana (86%) e possuir pós-graduação (63%). Os médicos eram graduados há 17 (1-35) anos e os enfermeiros há nove (0-31) anos (p<0,001). Os primeiros relataram maior atuação em pediatria, e qualificação específica, com residência ou especialização, do que os últimos. Observou-se variação do conhecimento de acordo com o tempo (T1, T2 e T3) e a profissão (médicos>enfermeiros: p<0,001). Entre T1 e T2 constatou-se acréscimo deconhecimento dos profissionais sobre a assistência à gestante (p=0,026), reanimação neonatal (p<0,001), puericultura (p<0,001) e doenças até dois meses (p<0,01). Tal conhecimento perdurou, no mínimo, após 16 meses da capacitação nas áreas de reanimação neonatal (p=0,028) e doenças até dois meses (p<0,001). A capacitação teve avaliação positiva dos profissionais (94%) que perceberam melhora na prática clínica no seu local de trabalho (p<0,001), porém sem relato de alteração nas condições de saúde do município (p=0,066) entre T1 e T3. Conclusão: os médicos e enfermeiros apresentaram acréscimo, no mínimo por 16 meses, no conhecimento sobre a assistência à gestante e à criança até dois meses, além de perceberem melhora em sua condição de prática clínica após a capacitação em AIDPI Neonatal. Essa capacitação pode servir de modelo a ser aplicado em outras regiões com semelhante contexto epidemiológico / Objective: to assess knowledge and perception of professionals about care of pregnant women and children to two months of life, after training in Neonatal Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI), and its practical applicability in the Amazon Region. Method: a cohort study comprising 92 professionals who participated in seven Neonatal IMCI training courses in Para, from April/2006 to December/2008. Five questionnaires were applied face-to-face before (T1) and 24h (T2) after training in Neonatal IMCI (PAHO, 2007), and 16 (14-20) months after training (T3). Scores ranging from zero (complete inappropriateness) to 100 (complete appropriateness) were compared by ANOVA with repeated measures. Results: Time since graduation was 17y (1-35) for physicians and 9y (0-31) for nurses (p<0.001). Variation of knowledge was observed according to time and profession (physicians>nurses: p<0.001). Between T1 and T2, enhanced knowledge was verified in care of pregnant women (p=0.026), neonatal resuscitation (p<0.001), neonatal and infant care (p<0.001) and diseases up to two months (p<0.01). Such knowledge was observed at least for 16 months in neonatal resuscitation (p=0.028) and diseases up to two months (p<0.001). The capacity-building was positively evaluated by professionals (94%), who perceived improvement in clinical practice (p<0.001), without report of change in health conditions of the city (p=0.066) between T1 and T3. Conclusion: Training in Neonatal IMCI enhanced knowledge about care of pregnant women and infants up to two months, in addition to acknowledging better clinical practice for physicians and nurses. This training can be a model to be applied in other regions with similar epidemiological context. / TEDE / BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações

Ce travail propose une présentation et une défense du "sentimentalisme", c’est-à-dire de la théorie philosophique selon laquelle les émotions constituent notre principal accès aux valeurs, et la source de nos jugements évaluatifs. Après avoir brièvement retracé les origines historiques de ce courant (Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, et Adam Smith), j’examine la littérature psychologique et philosophique actuelle portant sur les émotions. Je propose une définition de la fonction des émotions, en soutenant que ce sont des "attitudes" corporelles et cognitives dotées d’une intentionnalité évaluative. Elles nous permettent ainsi d’apprécier la valeur des objets en fonction de leur pertinence pour nos états motivationnels, tels que nos désirs ou nos sentiments. Je procède ensuite à une analyse des conséquences épistémologiques et métaphysiques que l’on peut dériver de cette thèse. Je montre que les émotions sont susceptibles de jouer un rôle crucial dans notre connaissance des valeurs, en étudiant le débat relatif aux "conditions de correction" des émotions. Je propose de distinguer ici deux caractérisations des conditions de correction qui ne sont généralement pas explicitées dans les débats actuels, que j’appelle la conception "indépendantiste" et la conception "motivationnelle". J’argumente en faveur de la deuxième approche, et je défends la thèse selon laquelle les émotions constituent un accès fiable aux valeurs, lorsqu’elles sont basées sur des motivations qui sont elles-mêmes correctes ou appropriées. Selon cette approche, les valeurs doivent être comprises comme des propriétés réelles et relationnelles. Je m’intéresse enfin plus particulièrement au rôle que les émotions sont susceptibles de jouer dans les jugements moraux. Après avoir écarté les théories innéistes au sujet de la morale, je soutiens que les émotions sont des conditions nécessaires au développement de la moralité. / This dissertation is both a presentation and a defense of "sentimentalism", the philosophical theory according to which emotions constitute our main access to values, and the source of our evaluative judgments. After considering briefly the historical origins of this philosophical approach (Shaftesbury, Hutcheson, Hume, and Adam Smith), I review the current psychological and philosophical literature about emotions. I define the function of emotions, arguing that they are bodily and cognitive "attitudes" that possess an evaluative intentionality. They allow us to appraise the value of objects according to their relevance for our motivational states, like our desires or sentiments. I proceed then to an analysis of the epistemological and metaphysical consequences that we can draw from this thesis. I show that emotions are likely to play a crucial role in our knowledge of values, focusing on the debate about the "correctness conditions" of emotions. I propose a distinction between two characterizations of correctness conditions, which are generally not explicit in the literature, and which I name the "independence" approach and the "motivational" approach. I argue in favor of the latter and I defend the thesis that emotions constitute a reliable access to values, when they are based on motivations that are themselves correct or appropriate. According to this view, values should be conceived as real and relational properties. Finally, I consider the role which emotions may play in our moral judgments in particular. After having rejected nativist accounts of our moral competence, I claim that emotions are necessary conditions to the development of our moral life.

Contemporaneamente, o modelo de gerenciamento por competências tem alcançado o âmbito da avaliação do trabalhador na saúde e enfermagem. Nesta perspectiva, o processo avaliativo requer planejamento e organização. O objetivo geral consistiu em compreender como ocorre o preparo do processo avaliativo dos técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem pelos enfermeiros de uma unidade de internação clínica adulto do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, na perspectiva da gestão por competências. O estudo, caracterizado como descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, foi desenvolvido com 13 enfermeiros e os dados coletados entre maio e junho de 2017, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas. A análise de conteúdo temática resultou em três categorias: processo avaliativo, uma trajetória a ser discutida; no momento da avaliação, aspectos intervenientes; e, gestão por competências, um novo modelo de avaliação. Os resultados indicam que os enfermeiros se organizam para realizar as avaliações dos técnicos e auxiliares de enfermagem no último trimestre do ano, geralmente em duplas, estabelecendo um cronograma e posterior comunicação aos avaliados. Noções sobre conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes perpassam o entendimento dos entrevistados sobre avaliação por competências, embora ainda de modo incipiente. Houve referência à modificação no comportamento dos avaliados em momentos que antecedem à apreciação e às inconveniências logísticas relacionadas ao local das avaliações e ao tempo disponível, comprometendo a privacidade da entrevista avaliativa. Conclui-se sobre a importância de se apropriar de conhecimentos, habilidades e atitudes, bem como dos recursos proporcionados pelo sistema de gestão por competências da instituição para realizar avaliações com responsabilidade e compromisso. / Currently, the competence-based management model has reached the scope of employee assessment in health and nursing. Under this perspective, the evaluation process requires planning and organization. The general objective of this study was to understand how the nurses at an adult inpatient unit at Hospital de Clínicas dePorto Alegre prepare the assessment process of the unit’s nursing technicians and assistants based on the competence-based management perspective. This qualitative descriptive study was developed with 13 nurses, and data were collected between May and June, 2017 through semi-structured interviews. The analysis of the thematic content resulted in three categories: 1) evaluation process: a path yet to be discussed; 2) aspects that affect the moment of the evaluation; and 3) competence-based management: a new assessment model. The results indicate that the nurses usually get organized in pairs to conduct the evaluations of nursing technicians and assistants in the last quarter of the year. They design a schedule and subsequently inform these staff members. The interviewees demonstrated, although still in an incipient way, some understanding of the knowledge, skills, and attitudes involved in competence-based assessment. Changes in the behavior of the nursing technicians and assistants some moments before the assessment were reported. In addition, logistic inconveniences related to the venue and the time available for the assessment compromised the privacy of the evaluation interview. It can be concluded that it is important for the institution’s competence-based management system to master the required knowledge, skills, and attitudes, as well as to provide the necessary resources, in order to carry out evaluations with responsibility and commitment. / Actualmente, el modelo de gestión por competencias ha alcanzado el ámbito de la evaluación del trabajador en salud y enfermería. En esta perspectiva, el proceso evaluativo requiere planificación y organización. El objetivo general constituye en comprender cómo ocurre la preparación del proceso evaluativo de técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería por los enfermeros de una unidad de internación clínica adulta del Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, en la perspectiva de la gestión por competencias. El estudio, caracterizado como descriptivo, de enfoque cualitativo, ha sido desarrollado con 13 enfermeros, y los datos recogidos entre mayo y junio de 2017, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas. El análisis de contenido temático ha resultado en 3 categorías: proceso evaluativo, una trayectoria a debatirse; en el momento de la evaluación, aspectos intervinientes; y, gestión por competencias, un nuevo modelo de evaluación. Los resultados indican que los enfermeros se organizan para realizar las evaluaciones de los técnicos y auxiliares de enfermería en el último periodo trimestral del año, generalmente en parejas, estableciendo un cronograma y posterior comunicación de los evaluados. Nociones de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes atraviesan el entendimiento de los entrevistados sobre evaluación por competencias, aunque aún de manera incipiente. Ha sido referenciada la modificación en el comportamiento de los evaluados en momentos que anteceden la apreciación y también las inconveniencias logísticas relacionadas al local y al tiempo disponible para las evaluaciones, lo que compromete la privacidad de la entrevista evaluativa. Se concluye sobre la importancia de apropiarse de conocimientos, habilidades y actitudes, así como de los recursos proporcionados por el sistema de gestión por competencias de la institución para realizar evaluaciones con responsabilidad y compromiso.

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A alimentação escolar é uma das poucas oportunidades em que o Estado tem de intervir com ações de segurança alimentar e nutricional, com vistas a beneficiar a criança - nessa perspectiva, salienta-se o papel da alimentação escolar como um atrativo para a permanência dos alunos nas escolas públicas brasileiras. Quanto à qualidade higiênico- sanitária dos alimentos fornecidos, entretanto, diversos estudos têm evidenciado lacunas quanto ao atendimento de requisitos normativos, incluindo a insuficiência de atividades de capacitação para as merendeiras, o que concorre para situações de inadequação nas técnicas de preparo dos alimentos e conseqüentemente riscos à saúde dos escolares. Este trabalho teve por objetivo desenvolver e avaliar ações de intervenção para apoio à produção de alimentos seguros, em escolas estaduais atendidas pelo PNAE, em Salvador-BA. Para tanto, dois estudos foram conduzidos no âmbito das atividades de intervenção. No primeiro, elaborou-se e implementou-se uma proposta de capacitação para merendeiras. A capacitação, denominada “Formação em Alimentação Saudável e Segura na Escola – FASSE”, tomou por princípio uma construção participativa, com consulta às merendeiras e adotou como abordagem pedagógica a linha sócio-crítica, permeada de intensa relação educadoreducando e valorização da construção do conhecimento. A capacitação foi planejada como um evento de 20 horas, sendo conduzida em unidades escolares, para permitir maior aproximação e reflexão sobre a realidade do PNAE. O programa contemplou conteúdos diferenciados, incluindo: o PNAE e seus objetivos; a importância da merendeira no sistema da alimentação escolar; princípios de nutrição e alimentação saudável e princípios de Boas Práticas de Fabricação. Como recursos metodológicos foram adotados: teatro, exposição dialogada, oficinas, gincana, experiências práticas, jogos interativos com imagens, aplicação de formulários e atividades dirigidas em grupo. Para a maior parte dos participantes, verificou-se satisfação com a capacitação, com boa compreensão do conteúdo e adequação entre a metodologia e o referencial teórico. No segundo estudo, avaliou-se o impacto de ações de intervenção na segurança da produção da alimentação escolar, partindo-se de um diagnóstico conduzido previamente, que caracterizava a condição higiênico-sanitária das unidades de produção de alimentos, bem como o perfil microbiológico da água e de alimentos prontos para o consumo. Trabalhou-se com uma sub-amostra de 20 escolas, em observação ao delineamento previamente estabelecido, sendo desenvolvidas as seguintes ações de intervenção: reuniões com gestores públicos, seminário com dirigentes escolares, capacitação para merendeiras e visitas para acompanhamento in loco. Para fins de avaliação de impacto, utilizaram-se os mesmos instrumentos e técnicas adotados durante o diagnóstico - aplicação de um check-list, elaborado com base na RDC 216/04, ANVISA/MS, e análises microbiológicas da água e de alimentos prontos, por microrganismos indicadores-, comparando-se a diferença de desempenho entre as duas etapas do estudo – antes e após a intervenção. De acordo com o resultado global de avaliação pelo check-list, constatou-se uma melhoria significativa nas escolas (p=0,002). Entre os blocos que contribuíram positivamente, foram identificados os referentes às matérias-primas, ingredientes e embalagens e aqueles relacionados à manipulação e ao preparo dos alimentos. Os blocos de edificações, instalações e equipamentos, higienização, controle integrado de pragas, assim como a análise microbiológica da água, que requeriam investimentos financeiros para adequação, não apresentaram melhorias após a intervenção. Em relação à qualidade microbiológica dos alimentos prontos para o consumo, evidenciou-se adequação quanto à contagem padrão em placa, leve redução na estimativa de coliformes termotolerantes, e resultado discretamente aumentado quanto à presença de Staphylococcus coagulase positiva. Para grande parte dos elementos avaliados, conclui-se que as ações de intervenção contribuíram positivamente para a melhoria da segurança dos alimentos, no entanto, foram identificadas limitações, em virtude da ausência de decisões políticas que viabilizassem melhor infra-estrutura e funcionamento das cantinas. / ABSTRACT The National School Feeding Program (PNAE) is one of the oldest and most important programs in the Food and Nutrition field in Brazil, with annual coverage of about 37 million students. Since school feeding is one of the few opportunities the State has for food and nutrition security interventions aimed at benefiting the children, its role as a magnet for the permanence of students in Brazilian public schools stands out. However, several studies have shown that the sanitary/hygienic quality of the food provided falls short of the regulatory requirements, including lack of training activities for school lunch cooks, which contributes to situations of inadequacy in the technical preparation of food and subsequent risks to schoolchildren’s health. This study aimed to develop and evaluate intervention actions to support the production of safe meals in state schools under PNAE in Salvador (Bahia, Brazil). Two studies were thus conducted as part of the intervention activities. In the first one, professional training activities were devised and implemented among school lunch cooks. The training, called "Training in Healthy and Safe School Food - FASSE," was carried out on a participatory basis by consulting with school lunch cooks and taking a sociocritical pedagogical approach, characterized by an intense educator-learner relationship and a highly valued knowledge construction process. The training was planned as a 20-hour event, conducted in school units to allow for a cozy environment and reflection on the reality of PNAE. The activity contents carried a number of different approaches, including the PNAE and its goals, the school lunch cooks’ relevance in the school feeding system, healthy feeding and nutrition principles, and Good Manufacturing Practice principles. Methodological resources comprised dramatization, dialogued presentations, workshops, group contests, practical activities, interactive games with images, form completion and guided group activities. For most of the subjects, the training was deemed satisfactory with good content learning and adequacy between the methodological approach and the theoretical references. The second study assessed the impact of intervention actions in the safety of school food production by building on a previously conducted diagnosis, which showed the sanitary-hygienic condition of the food production units and the microbiological status of both water and ready-to-eat food. According to previously designed approach, the intervention, carried out in a sub-sample of 20 schools, included: meetings with public managers, seminars with school principals, professional training for school lunch cooks and follow-up visits in loco. Impact assessment of such actions was carried out by using the same tools and techniques employed in the diagnostic study, namely the completion of a checklist based on ANVISA/MS RDC 216/04 guidelines and microbiological analyses of water and ready-to-eat food for microorganism indicators in order to compare the status before and after the intervention. Global checklist assessment showed a significant (p=0.002) improvement in the schools under study. Items related to raw material, ingredients and packaging as well as those related to food handling and preparation were found to have contributed positively for such a result. However, items related to buildings, facilities and equipment, hygienization, integrated plague control as well as water microbiological assessment, all of which required financial investments towards adequacy, did not show improvement after intervention. The microbiological quality of ready-to-eat foods was found to be adequate according to the plate count agar, showed a slight decrease in thermotolerant coliforms estimates and a slight increase regarding coagulase-positive staphylococcus. As a conclusion, while for most of the items assessed intervention actions were shown to contribute effectively towards the improvement in food safety, shortcomings were identified as a function of a lack of political decision-making aimed at improving both the infrastructure and the adequate performance of the facilities.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:06:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 5914.pdf: 1420398 bytes, checksum: e5c2a5d7845b5b17b94959ce849fd613 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-04-01 / Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos / The real estate market has a key role in the country and counties economy attracting several studies and researches that explains and interpret the numerous transactions performed, and especially to find appropriate ways to define the monetary value. Usually the real estate data modeling is performed through regression models, especially the linear and also the generalized linear models ( Nelder andWedderburn, 1972). Because these data has different characteristics such as heteroscedasticity, non-normality and heterogeneity, the use of these models can suffer limitations, so it is appropriate to use more and more complex models, such as generalized additive models for location, scale and shape GAMLSS (proposed by Rigby & Stasinopoulos (2005), that allows all parameters of the response variable are modeled parametric or non parametric form. In this context and based on a dataset of urban land of São Carlos city in 2005 was estimated the empirical function the value of the land addressing the class of linear models, generalized linear models and the GAMLSS. Alternatively, considering the existence of two types of real estate prices: already sold (observed) and announced (censored), was proposed to the data, using the survival analysis considering censored left and the GAMLSS in the parameter estimation process. A simulation study and a study of local influence was also performed. / O mercado imobiliário possui um papel fundamental na economia do país e municípios atraindo diversos estudos e pesquisas que buscam explicar e interpretar as inúmeras transações realizadas, e principalmente, encontrar maneiras adequadas de determinar seu valor monetário. Geralmente a modelagem de dados imobiliários e feita por meio de modelos de regressão, especialmente os lineares e também, os modelos lineares generalizados (Nelder e Wedder-burn,1972). Por se tratarem de dados com diferentes características, como heterocedasticidade, não normalidade e heterogeneidade, o uso desses modelos podem sofrer limitações, por isso torna-se adequada a utilização de modelos cada vez mais complexos, como por exemplo, os modelos aditivos generalizados para posição, escala e forma (GAMLSS) propostos por Rigby & Stasinopoulos (2005), que permitem que todas as estimativas dos parâmetros envolvidos no modelo sejam obtidas de forma paramétrica ou não-paramétrica. Neste contexto e com base em um conjunto de dados de lotes urbanos da cidade de Sao Carlos do ano de 2005 foi estimado a função empírica do valor de lotes abordando a classe de modelos lineares, modelos lineares generalizados e o GAMLSS. Alternativamente, considerando a existência de dois tipos de preços de imóveis: ja vendidos (observados) e anunciados (censurados), foi proposto aos dados, a utilização da analise de sobrevivência considerando censura a esquerda e o GAMLSS no processo de estimação dos parâmetros. Foi realizado também um estudo de simulação e um estudo de influência local.

This study aimed mainly to know the nurses perceptions on the Nursing workers functional readaptation in a teaching hospital. The specific goals were to know the nurses` strategies on receiving the Nursing worker in functional readaptation and to describe the appraisal process of the nurse`s accomplished performances with the Nursing worker in functional readaptation in a teaching hospital. The methodology consisted in a exploratory descriptive field research with a qualitative approach and it happened in Santa Maria`s University Hospital. The participants were 19 nurses under the Brazilian legal labor system for public organizations who work with Nursing workers in the functional readaptation process. The data collection was done through semi structured interviews between May and June, 2016. The data were analyzed according to Minayo`s operative proposal for content analysis. All the ethical aspects were respected in accordance to the December, 2012 Brazilian National Health Counsil resolution number 466 and the project was approved under the number CAAE 53557916.4.0000.5346. This dissertation includes three articles. The first targeted to discuss the main goal and it comprehends the following content categories: nurse`s perception about the readjusted worker; the easiness and difficulties of the return to work; the reception of the worker in functional readaptation returning to work. The second aimed to know the nurses` strategies on receiving the Nursing worker in functional readaptation with the categories: user embracement and worker in functional readaptation care at the work setting; planning of the readjustment process for the Nursing worker. Lastly, the third article intended to describe the appraisal process of the nurse`s accomplished performances with the Nursing worker in functional readaptation in a teaching hospital setting. Communication, one of the ranked strategies, was one of the maneuvers used by the nurse while appraising and informally evaluating. The main results according to the perception of the interviewed nurses are: the discrimination and prejudice faced by workers in functional readaptation; insecurity about returning to work, an aspect that affects their performance; the necessity for willingness to return to work, and the nurses also pointed out management difficulties to work with this worker and the importance of institutional planning to receive the nursing worker in the process of functional readaptation. As strategies to receive this worker, the nurses emphasized the user embracement, the negotiation, the communication process and respect to the labor limitations. Regarding the performance appraisal, participating nurses advocated for daily evaluations, based on communication and on the adoption of an informal method of appraisal. It is expected for this study to contribute to the return of nursing workers to work when in a situation of health restriction, and that it also can enable managers to devise strategies that allow a healthy functional readaptation permeated by positive experiences for workers, managers and institutions. In addition, it hopes to stimulate reflections and discussions within academic and professional settings, encouraging new researches about this subject. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the nursing workers` process of functional readaptation is a complex one, requiring the institution involvement, the management staff and the worker itself. Developing a team work, so that they accommodate the worker returning to labor activities, facilitates the readptation. Another attitude that contributes to the worker`s return to work is credited to a frank process of negotiation between the readjusted and the management staff. Furthermore, willingness and commitment to return to work is necessary on the worker`s behalf. / Este estudo, teve como objetivo geral, conhecer as percepções dos enfermeiros na readaptação funcional dos trabalhadores de enfermagem em um hospital universitário e como objetivos específicos, conhecer as estratégias dos enfermeiros ao receber o trabalhador de enfermagem em readaptação funcional, e descrever o processo de avaliação de desempenho realizado pelo enfermeiro com relação ao trabalhador de enfermagem em readaptação funcional de um hospital universitário. A metodologia do estudo consistiu em uma pesquisa de campo, descritiva exploratória, com abordagem qualitativa, que foi realizada no Hospital Universitário de Santa Maria. Os participantes do estudo foram 19 enfermeiros, do Regime Jurídico Único, que atuam com o trabalhador de enfermagem em processo de readaptação funcional. A coleta dos dados foi realizada por meio da entrevista semiestruturada, entre os meses de maio e junho de 2016. Os dados foram analisados por meio da análise de conteúdo temática da proposta operativa de Minayo. Foram respeitados todos os aspectos éticos conforme Resolução 466 de Dezembro de 2012 do Conselho Nacional de Saúde, sendo o projeto aprovado sob o nº CAAE 53557916.4.0000.5346. A dissertação contempla três artigos. O primeiro teve como propósito discutir o objetivo principal e contempla as seguintes categorias temáticas: percepção do enfermeiro sobre o trabalhador readaptado; facilidades e dificuldades de retorno ao trabalho; recepção do trabalhador e necessidade de um processo formal na instituição. O segundo objetivou-se conhecer as estratégias dos enfermeiros ao receber o trabalhador de enfermagem em readaptação funcional, com as categorias acolhimento e cuidado com o trabalhador em readaptação funcional no cenário laboral; planejamento do processo de readaptação do trabalhador de enfermagem. Por fim, no terceiro artigo teve-se o intuito de descrever o processo de avaliação de desempenho realizado pelo enfermeiro com relação ao trabalhador de enfermagem em readaptação funcional de um hospital universitário. Sendo, as categorias denominadas, comunicação como uma das estratégias utilizadas pelo enfermeiro ao avaliar e realizando avaliação informal. Como principais resultados, conforme a percepção dos enfermeiros entrevistados, obteve-se, a discriminação e o preconceito que o trabalhador em readaptação funcional enfrenta; a insegurança no retorno ao trabalho, fato que afeta seu desempenho; a necessidade de haver disposição para retornar as atividades laborais, e os enfermeiros ainda apontaram dificuldades gerenciais para atuar com este trabalhador e a importância de um planejamento na instituição para receber o trabalhador de enfermagem em processo de readaptação funcional. Como estratégias para receber este trabalhador, os enfermeiros destacaram o acolhimento, a negociação, o processo de comunicação e respeito as limitações laborais. No que se refere, a avaliação de desempenho, os enfermeiros participantes preconizaram a avaliação diária, sustentada na comunicação e adoção de um método informal de avaliar. Espera-se, que este estudo possa contribuir para o retorno do trabalhador de enfermagem ao trabalho quando em situação de restrição de saúde, possibilitar aos gestores a elaboração de estratégias que permitam uma readaptação funcional salutar, permeado de experiências positivas para trabalhadores, gerentes e instituições. Além de, estimular reflexões e discussões dentro dos espaços acadêmicos-profissionais, e incentivar novas pesquisas sobre a temática. Por fim, foi possível concluir que o processo de readaptação funcional do trabalhador de enfermagem é um processo bastante complexo, exige envolvimento da instituição, da gerencia e do próprio trabalhador. Desenvolver um trabalho com a equipe para que esta acolha o trabalhador no seu retorno as atividades laborais, facilita a readaptação. Outra atitude, que contribui para o retorno do trabalhador ao trabalho, deve-se ao franco processo de negociação entre o readaptado e a gerencia. Além disso, é necessário, disposição e empenho para retornar ao trabalho, também por parte do trabalhador.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:27:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-06-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:55:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 murakami_ktt_me_araca.pdf: 523881 bytes, checksum: d6fe2b9af367149ccbd1b4521b51f81f (MD5) / Avaliou-se o efeito da utilização de óleo de linhaça na ração de frangos de corte, substituindo o óleo de soja em diferentes períodos, sobre o desempenho, composição de carcaça e características físico-químicas da carne. Foram utilizadas 320 aves, recebendo ração suplementada com óleo de soja ou linhaça, num arranjo fatorial 4x2 (4 períodos crescentes recebendo dieta com óleo de linhaça e dois sexos). O desempenho foi avaliado por pesagens da ração e das aves nos dias 1, 21, 42 e 49, quando as aves foram abatidas. Após o abate, foi avaliado o rendimento de carcaça e a proporção dos principais cortes, vísceras e gordura abdominal. Foram avaliados os teores de lipídeos totais, umidade e colesterol na carne do peito e das coxas com sobrecoxas. A estabilidade da fração lipídica da carne mantida sob congelamento foi avaliada pelo método do ácido 2-tiobarbitúrico (TBA). A textura da carne foi avaliada pela determinação da força de cisalhamento em texturômetro. O óleo de linhaça na ração, de forma geral, prejudicou os parâmetros de desempenho avaliados (P<0,05). As fêmeas apresentaram maior proporção de peito e maior quantidade de gordura abdominal que os machos (p<0,05). As aves alimentadas com ração contendo óleo de linhaça apresentaram menor proporção de gordura abdominal e teores mais baixos de lipídeos totais e colesterol na carne do que aquelas alimentadas exclusivamente com ração contendo óleo de soja (p<0,05). Os resultados observados não permitiram uma avaliação conclusiva quanto à influência do sexo e das fontes de óleo da ração sobre a textura da carne e sua estabilidade à oxidação lipídica. / This work studied the effects of the utilization of linseed oil in broilers feeds as a substituent to soybean oil at different periods on performance and carcass composition of Cobb broilers, well as on the physicalchemical traits of their meat. Three hundred twenty birds were raised with linseed or soybean oil in the feed in a 4x2 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 growing periods receiving the experimental diets and 2 sexes). Performance was evaluated by the weighs of feeds and birds at days 1, 21, 42 and 49 of the experiment. After slaughtering, as the birds were 49 days old, carcass yield and percentages of main cuts, viscera and abdominal fat were quantified. Total lipids, moisture and cholesterol contents in breast and thighs were determined. The stability of the lipidic fraction in frozen meat was determined by the tiobabituric acid (TBA) methodology. Meat shear force was analyzed in a texturometer. In a general sense, linseed oil was harmful to broilers performance (P<0.05). Female broilers had higher breast percentage and more abdominal fat than male broilers (P<0.05). Birds fed linseed oil had less abdominal fat and lower total lipids and cholesterol contents in the meat than those fed soybean oil (P<0.05). Results did not lead to a conclusion about the influence of sex and oil source on meat texture and stability to lipid oxidation.