Esta dissertação tem por objetivo a análise estética da Trilogia de Koker, de Abbas Kiarostami, em especial do filme Através das Oliveiras, investigando os efeitos da tematização que o cinema faz de si próprio ao apresentar um filme dentro de outro, intencionalmente quebrando a ficção em prol de uma suposta comunicação mais direta com o espectador, o que gera neste a sensação de diferentes níveis de realidade. Essa discussão passa pelo tema da morte ou diluição da autoria a partir de autores como Derrida, Barthes e Foucault. Lança-se no encalço do Autor moderno, constituído segundo Adorno desde o Dom Quixote, de Cervantes, autor não absoluto, desinformado do destino de seus personagens e que, por isso, inclui no relato romanesco recursos (inclusive a metalinguagem) que passem a evidenciar aspectos de verossimilhança para se fazer crível ao novo leitor. Nessa discussão, emergem questões relacionadas ao fim da narrativa e da arte, a recepção do cinema iraniano, e o embaralhamento dos registros documental e ficcional. Por fim, problematiza as possibilidades de se contar uma história na contemporaneidade. / This work aims to build an aesthetic analysis of Koker Trilogy, by Abbas Kiarostami, specially the film Through the Olive Trees. It investigates the effects of meta-language procedures in cinema, when a film inside another one breaks the linear sequence in order to produce a relational aesthetic communication with the spectators. This opens space for the perception of different levels of reality. This discussion is also related to the topic of the death or dissolution of the authorship, as it is understood in the works of Derrida, Foucault and Barthes. By extension, the ideas of end of narrative are also considered in the analysis. In this sense, it looks after the modern author, created, according to Adorno, since Cervantes Don Quixote: the absolute author, who does not know the destiny of his/her characters and, because of it, includes resources (even meta-linguistic) that put in evidence aspects of verisimilitude to make it believable. In this discussion, some questions related to the end of narrative and of art, the reception of Iranian cinema and the puzzlement of documental and fictitious registers appear. At end, it discusses the possibilities of telling a history in contemporaneity.

Dispositivos móveis do tipo smartphones e tablets possibilitam uma interação rica e intuitiva, abrindo novas possibilidades para usuários e desenvolvedores. Entre as características que os tornam populares estão a alta capacidade de processamento, a melhoria constante das alternativas de interação com usuários e a possibilidade de captura de imagens e vídeos, além da comodidade de acessar serviços e informações em dispositivos tão portáteis. Além disso, ao longo dos últimos anos tem-se observado uma cultura de geração de conteúdo por parte de usuários, ao mesmo tempo que dispositivos móveis se tornam populares reprodutores de mídias e adquirem um papel importante na produção de conteúdo multimídia. Da mesma forma que novas mídias podem ser capturadas é também possível enriquece-las com anotações. Anotações são comuns em documentos textuais e recentemente tornaram-se populares em imagens, sendo possível encontrar diversos aplicativos para anotação em dispositivos móveis. No entanto, aplicativos para anotação em vídeo em dispositivos móveis ainda são raros. Explorando esta oportunidade, o principal objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar alternativas de interação entre usuários e seus dispositivos móveis considerando o cenário de anotação em vídeos. Para investigar os problemas relacionados foi desenvolvido um aplicativo executável em tablets e smartphones com soluções singulares para o contexto proposto. Com foco na interação humano-computador foram realizadas três avaliações, sendo uma avaliação de usabilidade com usuários, uma avaliação heurística com especialistas e uma avaliação colaborativa com uma usuária da área de terapia ocupacional. Resultados de avaliações auxiliaram na definição de novos requisitos e na identificação de problemas que se aplicam não apenas ao contexto de anotações em vídeo, mas em aplicações para dispositivos móveis, de forma geral. Assim, as principais contribuições deste trabalho consistem em soluções relacionadas à autoria multimídia, à captura de interações para sistemas de anotação em vídeo em dispositivos móveis e à usabilidade para aplicativos. / Mobile devices like smartphones and tablets enable rich and intuitive interactions, which brings new possibilities for users and developers. The high processing power, the constant improvement of user interaction, the ability to capture pictures and videos and the convenient way of accessing information and services are among the features that make them so popular. Over the past years we have been observing a growing in user generated content. In this context, modern mobile devices not only became popular media players, but also play an important role on multimedia content production. Furthermore, it is possible both to create new media and to enrich them with annotations. Annotations are usual in textual documents and recently became popular in pictures. Although applications for annotations are widely available for mobile devices, applications for mobile video annotation are still rare. The main objective of this research was to investigate interaction alternatives between users and their mobile devices considering the video annotation scenario. To investigate related problems, we have developed an application for tablets and smartphones with unique solutions for the proposed topic. With focus on human-computer interaction we conducted three evaluations: a usability evaluation with users, a heuristic evaluation with computer specialists and a collaborative assessment with a specialist in occupational therapy in the role of a user. Evaluation results helped to define new requirements and to identify issues that are not only applied in the video annotation context, but also in mobile applications in general. Thus, the main contributions of this study are solutions related to multimedia authoring, capture of interactions for video annotation on mobile devices and usability of applications.

Aborda-se aqui a trajetória do compositor Hans-Joachim Koellreutter (1915-2005) e as relações com o debate teórico e prático da arte e estética do século XX, a partir de seus textos e obras. Uma estética que se desenvolve em íntima colaboração com a formulação de uma filosofia da história da arte que o compositor, paralelamente à sua prática composicional, expressa em artigos, palestras e cursos. A filosofia da história que vai construindo apresenta-se como a articulação entre duas temporalidades: grandes e pequenos períodos (Introdução), cujos marcos são transições, caracterizadas por crises entre sistemas que se esgotam ou que emergem para sua superação. Entre uma modernidade e uma contemporaneidade anacrônicas, a trajetória do compositor acaba nos proporcionando um modelo paradigmático dessa caracterização de crise estética apresentando alguns sintomas dessa dupla temporalidade: (i) a ressonância anacrônica dos vanguardismos do século XX aproximação arte vida comum; dessacralização dos valores da arte; quebra de protocolos ou preconceitos; subversão do meio; denúncia ou reflexão sobre os modos de produção; arte contra o consumo (Caps. I e II) , ocorrendo junto com (ii) tópicos que se tornariam marcas na contemporaneidade: arte funcional; autoria em rede colaborativa; arte voltada para a circulação; campo expandido e site específico (Cap. III). Por serem momentos de crise, transformações e hibridismo entre o velho e o novo carregam forças opostas: o primeiro resistindo e constituindo oposição através das formalizações e regulações; o segundo subjetivando-se através de novos paradigmas de forma e performance, momentos onde pode constituir-se uma vanguarda (Caps. II e III): um grupo que, em sintonia com sua época, consegue ligar as aspirações estéticas e formais com os conteúdos relevantes para interferir diretamente nessas transformações. Koellreutter compôs três peças na década de 1980 aqui escolhidas como material básico para exemplos e modelos: Ácronon, Nova-mente e Rôdô, músicas que novamente anunciavam o novo, cinquenta anos depois que aportou no Brasil, já como fenômeno de novidade (Cap. III). Tenta-se mostrar (Considerações Finais) como o compositor, ao lidar com essas duas forças a tradição e a modernidade tenta constituir uma relação que ele denomina de alfa privativaseu conceito de contrário sem contradição onde ele pode integrar tradição e a ruptura assim como o ruído e informação, estabelecendo íntima relação entre a ética e a estética. / We analyze here the trajectory of the German composer emigrated to Brazil in 1937, Hans- Joachim Koellreutter (1915-2005), and his relations with the theoretical and practical debate about art and the aesthetics of the 20th century, based on his original texts and works. An aesthetic that was developed in close collaboration with the formulation of philosophical ideas and art history which the composer, in parallel with his compositional practice, expresses in many articles, lectures and courses. The philosophy of history that he proposes presents itself as an articulation between two temporalities: large and small time intervals, whose marks are transitions, characterized by crises among systems that are exhausted or that emerge one day only to be overcome the nexto day. Inside an modernity and contemporaneity, both considered anacronic, the trajectory of the composer ends up providing us with a paradigmatic model of the characterization of an aesthetic crisis presenting some symptoms of a double temporality: (i) the anachronistic echos of the avantgardes of the twentieth century - common life as art approach; desacralization of art values; breach of protocols and prejudices; subversion of the means of productions ; denunciation or reflection on modes of production; (Caps I and II) -, occurring along with (ii) topics that would become brands in the contemporary world: functional art; collaborative authoring network; art oriented to difusion; expanded field and site specific (Chapter III). Thanks to these moments of crisis, transformations and hybridity between the old and the new carry opposing forces: the first resisting and constituting opposition through formalizations and regulations; the second subjectivizing itself through new paradigms of form and performance, moments in which a vanguard can be constituted (Caps II and III): a group that, in tune with its time, manages to connect the aesthetic and formal aspirations with the contents to interfere directly in these transformations. Koellreutter composed three especial pieces in the 1980s here chosen as the basic material for examples and models: Ácronon, Nova-mente and Rôdo, works that once again announced the new, which fifty years after he introduced in Brazil again as a phenomenon of novelty (Chapter III). Attempts to show (Final Remarks) how the composer, in dealing with these two forces - tradition and modernity. Finally we build a relationship that he calls a retritive alpha. His concept of the opposite without contradiction where he can integrate tradition and rupture as well as noise and information, establishing an intimate relationships between ethics and aesthetics.

Este estudo investigou o processo de produção, organização e coordenação de projetos que inter-relacionam a Comunicação e a Educação articulados em escolas públicas do Alto Tietê nos três ciclos finais da Educação Básica: ensino Fundamental I (5º ano), Fundamental II (9º ano) e Médio (3º ano). São iniciativas realizadas de forma interdisciplinar e que instigam a autoria por meio da produção midiática no espaço educativo. Os canais informativos - como jornais, blogs, web tevês e rádio escolar - são articulados pelas unidades e conduzidos por educadores que acreditam no potencial transformador de ações que estimulam a expressão crítica, criativa e comunicativa dos alunos. Estes profissionais veem os projetos como uma forma de ampliar os fluxos comunicativos no ambiente escolar, propagar a gestão participativa e promover uma educação emancipadora. Trata-se de um estudo de caso e o recorte é formado por duas unidades de ensino, localizadas em Biritiba Mirim e Ferraz de Vasconcelos. De cunho qualitativo, a pesquisa acompanhou o processo de desenvolvimento das atividades com o objetivo de investigar os desafios para manter essas propostas em consonância com as demais responsabilidades das instituições diante de uma temporalidade escolar cronometrada, categórica e disciplinar. Como administrar o tempo para proporcionar atividades diferenciadas que vão além da sala de aula, do cronograma, do projeto político-pedagógico e da carga horária? Como manter projetos comunicativos quando eles não integram o programa escolar ou são apoiados por uma política pública? Sob a perspectiva da Educomunicação, conforme a visão do Núcleo de Comunicação e Educação (NCE), da Universidade de São Paulo (USP), o estudo avaliou as temporalidades escolares, a participação dos alunos, o envolvimento dos professores, a parceria dos gestores e os benefícios de propostas que incentivam os recursos comunicacionais e tecnológicos com vista ao protagonismo juvenil e à gestão democrática e participativa. Os resultados foram obtidos com a observação, entrevistas e aplicação de questionários. / The aim of this study was to investigate the prodution, organization and coordination of projects that connect Communication and Education applied to Public Schools from Alto Tietê in the three final stages of Basic Education: Elementary School (5th grade), Middle School (9th grade) and High School (3rd year). These initiatives were taken in interdisciplinary ways and engage the authorship by the media production in the learning space. The informative channels, such as newspapers, blogs, web TVs and school radio, are articulated by the schools. They are conducted by educators who believe in the transforming potential of actions which stimulate the students\' critical, creative and communicative expression, and also, in actions that expand the communicative flow into the school environment, spread the collaborative management and promote the empowering education. It is a case study whose objects are two schools located in Biritiba Mirim and Ferraz de Vasconcelos. As a qualitative research, it followed the activities development process, by focusing on the investigation of the challenges to maintain the new proposals aligned with the regular activities from schools, once schools\' timing usually is very disciplined, categorical and absolute. How should we work on time management in order to offer differenciated proposals that go beyond the classroom, the schedule, the Political Pedagogical Project (PPP) and the course hours? How can we mantain communicative proposals when they don\'t belong to the school schedule and they aren\'t supported by the government? Based on the educommunication viewpoint and according to the Núcleo de Comunicação e Educação (NCE) from Universidade de São Paulo (USP), the study analyzed the schools\' temporality, the students\' participation, the teachers\' engagement, the managers\' partnership and the benefits of proposals which encourage the communicative and technological resources in order to promote the teenage protagonism and the democractic and participative management. The results have been collected by observation, interviews and questionnaries.

A presente pesquisa tem como objeto a figura do autor-roteirista relacionado ao âmbito do universo transmídia da ficção televisiva no Brasil. Partimos da hipótese de que a ação do autor-roteirista em todas as dimensões da criação de conteúdo transmídia da ficção televisiva brasileira é viável, possível e recomendável. Assim, compreendemos que esse autor-roteirista detém poder aglutinador inicial para estabelecer estratégias mais criativas para gerar produtos ficcionais com uma dimensão simbólica superior à sua dimensão material. As histórias, ou seja, as narrativas da ficção televisiva brasileira, por sua expressividade inerente, possuem potencialidade de circulação e redundância muito maior e mais expressiva se forem, num primeiro momento, assumidas e disseminadas por autores-roteiristas. Para alcançar nossos objetivos, elaboramos uma estratégia metodológica que envolveu recursos qualitativos de tratamento de dados e nos valemos de alguns conceitos e operacionalizações do método etnográfico, particularmente da etnografia virtual. Trabalhando com um universo de investigação de teor relacional, coletamos através de pesquisa bibliográfica clássica, de textos acadêmicos na internet, além de sua extensão para textos e materiais não acadêmicos. Aplicamos um questionário on-line em pesquisa do tipo survey, a fim de obtermos dados primários sobre as formas de trabalho relativas ao conteúdo transmídia (conceito) entre autores-roteiristas (população-alvo). Desenvolvemos, também, um método de quadros sintético-analíticos que serviram de base para o escalonamento de autores, desde os mais teóricos até os mais práticos. Entre os principais resultados, destacamos a possibilidade de criar diálogo entre autores-roteiristas e teorias recentes relacionadas à profissão e identificamos algumas obras de ficção televisiva brasileira que exibem notadamente essas características autorais em suas extensões transmídia / The following research has as its study object the figure of the author-screenwriter relating to the transmedia universe of Brazilian television fiction. The research starts from the hypothesis that the author-screenwriter acting in all dimensions of creating transmedia content is something viable, possible and recommended. Thus, it\'s comprehensible that the authorscreenwriter has initial agglutinative power to stablish more creative strategies to generate fictional products with a superior symbolic dimension than its material dimension. Stories, that is, fictional narratives in Brazilian television, by having inherent expression, have the potential of larger and more expressive circulation and redundancy if they were, at first glance, created and disseminated by the author-screenwriter. To reach the objectives of the research, we developed a methodological strategy that used qualitative methods of data analysis and used concepts and operations common to the ethnographic method, more specifically of virtual ethnography. While investigating related content, we collected data through a classic bibliographic research; internet bibliographic research and research of articles and other non-academic materials. We created and applied an online survey which had the objective of discovering the work methods that related to transmedia content (concept) between authors-screenwriters (target population). We developed, also, a method of syntheticanalytic studies that served as base for the scaling of authors, from the most theory-based to the practical-based. Among the main results, we highlight the possibility of the creation of dialog between authors-screenwriters about recent theories related to the profession and identified some works of Brazilian television fiction that notably exhibit those authorial characteristics on its transmedia extensions.

The field of authorship attribution seeks to characterize an author’s writing style well enough to determine whether he or she has written a text of interest. One subfield of authorship attribution, stylometry, seeks to find the necessary literary attributes to quantify an author’s writing style. The research presented here sought to determine the efficacy of sentiment analysis as a new stylometric feature, by comparing its performance in attributing authorship against the performance of traditional stylometric features. Experimentation, with a corpus of sci-fi texts, found sentiment analysis to have a much lower performance in assigning authorship than the traditional stylometric features.

La construction de l’identité dans Le Roman de Fauvel L’objectif de cette thèse est d’expliquer la manière dont se construit l’identité auctoriale de Gervais de Bus et de Chaillou de Pesstain dans le Roman de Fauvel. Cette construction identitaire est suivie à travers la relation entre mélancolie, « conscience allégorisante » et subjectivité. Les trois éléments sont interrogés dans le contexte de la littérature du XIVe siècle qui privilégie explicitement le régime de l’allégorie, le didactisme et le discours édifiant. Les auteurs du Roman de Fauvel prétendent dire la vérité, dans la mesure où ils se portent témoins de la chute de la cour de Fauvel. Ainsi, la vue est le sens le plus invoqué dans ce long récit qui ressemble du point de vue de la forme au documentaire, bien qu’il soit entièrement une fiction. Mon travail de recherche consiste à examiner la manière dont fonctionne la relation qui s’établit entre une subjectivité mélancolique (donc émotionnelle), le voir dit et un type de construction allégorique à repères fixes. Pour cela, nous faisons référence à une anthropologie des émotions (pour définir la relation entre mélancolie et allégorie) – ceci est l’objet du premier chapitre de cette thèse. Ensuite, à une pragmatique du discours (qui vise à définir les mécanismes du voir dit). Il en est question dans le deuxième chapitre. Enfin, à une analyse iconographique consistant à repérer dans le discours visuel du manuscrit 146 de la Bibliothèque Nationale les marques auctoriales. Si j’ai choisi à consacrer mes recherches à ce roman de la fin du Moyen Âge et non à un autre, c’est pour une raison bien précise : la relation affective directe qui s’établit entre les auteurs et leur personnage principal. Ce rapport est dominé par des émotions intenses : Gervais de Bus et Chaillou de Pesstain détestent Fauvel ; ils veulent sa mort. Nous nous sommes alors demandée si l’énergie que ces deux auteurs dépensent pour vitupérer contre Fauvel ne pouvait constituer également une manière de parler d’eux-mêmes et d’affirmer par conséquent leur propre autorité au cœur même d’un roman qui devient plutôt une expression de leur propre sensibilité que le cadre d’une narration. / Identity construction in Le Roman de FauvelThis dissertation aims at discussing the authors’ identity construction in Le Roman de Fauvel by means of the relations between melancholy, “allegorical consciousness”, and subjectivity. Those three elements are set against the background of 14th century literature, where allegory, didacticism, and the edifying discourse are privileged modes of expression. Gervais de Bus and Chaillou de Pesstain’s major claim is that their testimony on the fall of Fauvel’s court is true, and witnessed with their own eyes. Therefore, the sight is the sense most heavily mobilized in this extensive narration which, formally, resembles a documentary, and yet it is strictly a work of fiction. My research explores the relationship between the melancholic (i.e., emotional) subjectivity, the voir dit, and an allegorical construction with set landmarks.The first chapter relies on the anthropology of emotions in order to define the relationship between allegory and melancholy. The second chapter uses the pragmatics of discourse in order to highlight the functioning of the voir dit. And finally, by means of an iconographic approach, my analysis emphasizes the authors’ marks in the visual discourse of the manuscript 146 at the Bibliothèque Nationale de France. The reason for choosing this late medieval manuscript as a research topic is the direct affective relationship between the authors and the main character in the novel. This relationship is intensely emotional: Gervais de Bus et Chaillou de Pesstain hate Fauvel and wish him dead. My main hypothesis is therefore that the considerable energy they spend in expressing their feelings might well represent a way of speaking about themselves and asserting their authority in a novel that conveys their own sensibility rather than merely constructing a story.

Over the past ten years, the use of student writing journals has become increasingly widespread in the TESOL field. Such journals serve a wide variety of purposes: a cultural diary, a free writing exercise, a forum for reaction or comment on readings or classroom discussions, in addition to a form of teacher/student dialogue. The main purpose of this study has been to determine the relationship of topic assignment to the quantity and quality of resulting entries. The data, 144 journal entries generated by ten adult ESL students over a period of ten weeks, were measured for length, in terms of total words and total number of T-units, and quality as assessed by the Jacobs profile (1981) which considers the following areas: content, organization, vocabulary, language use and mechanics. In addition, student reactions to instructor comments and attitudes toward journal keeping were explored in an end of term questionnaire. It was found that, on a group level, the assignment of four specified topic types (A. Topics relating to class lectures and discussions, B. Topics relating class discussions to the students' respective cultures, C. Topics relating to class or personal experiences and D. No topic assignment) did not appear to have any relationship with either the quality or quantity of writing. However, on an individual level, topic assignment did seem to have a relationship with the quantity of writing and in some cases, the quality as well. In considering student reaction to instructor comments, all students reported reading instructor comments, but rarely responded to them. When considering topic assignment, 74% of the students stated preferring an assigned topic, yet 60% actually wrote more when given a free choice of topic. Also, on the individual level, students stated a variety of topic type preferences that roughly corresponded with an increase in entry length. Finally, students seemed to have a positive attitude toward journal keeping as 80% stated they would like to keep a journal next term.

Virtually all future teachers _of ESL/EFL have been foreign- or second-language learners themselves. However, reflection on their own past language-learning experiences is usually not integrated into the coursework of professional TESOL preparation programs and there has been little published research in TESOL in which students in professional TESOL preparation programs reflect on their past language learning experiences. The purpose of this research was to explore the effects on TESOL Methods students of revisiting a past language-learning experience. The subjects were students in a TESOL Methods class. This study examined an assignment given to these students to write a short "language learning narrative" (LLN) describing a past language learning experience. The data base of this qualitative study included included thirty-one LLNs, thirty-one free-writes and eleven interviews with these TESOL students. The results indicate that the students' memories of affective factors such as nervousness about speaking in class and feeling successful or unsuccessful as language learners were prominent in their minds, as was a strong focus on the teacher. The benefits to the TESOL students of writing the LLNs included increased sensitivity to the perspective of the learner, willingness to engage in reflection, and an understanding of the connections between their past experiences and the kinds of experiences they wanted to create in future language classrooms. While the TESOL students seemed to have mastered the latter skill, they did not see their past language learning experiences as a resource that could give them insights into particular teaching dilemmas. Also, they tended to make direct generalizations based on their own past reactions as language learners to what they imagined their future students' reactions would be. They wanted to recreate for their future students experiences that had been positive for them and do the opposite of what the teachers of language classes they had experienced as negative had done. The study concludes that the LLN assignment is recommended for use in other professional TESOL training programs, with modifications that would encourage the students to become aware of variations in learner preferences and to view their past language learning experiences as a continuing resource.

acase@tulane.edu