Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:34:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Emanuel Zinsly Sampaio Camargo.pdf: 411165 bytes, checksum: 4a0228dbc48aed64446315f7afe90b86 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-09-27 / There are many discussions concerning the problem that involves the subject access to the justice . Effectiveness of the process represents one of elementary of the access to justice or the said jurisprudence joust . The effective process is that one that provides to the parts the material result desired, with the transposition of innumerable obstacles that if can glimpse, in special the pernicious effect of the time. We can reached effectiveness of the process by means of the concretion of the norm abstract foreseen in a reasonable time not to generate the discredit in the Judiciary Power, nor the uselessness of its provisions or extinction of the good that if it yearns for, as well as of form if guaranteeing the essential rights of the individual legal defense, contradictory and legal security. In this form we glimpse that the said urgent guardianship , forms of access to the jurisdiction surpassing the pernicious effect of the time on the State guardianship, together with other ways, such as the instrumentalidade, the judiciary assistance, etc., are of extreme importance for the guarantee of concretion of the principle of the effectiveness and the effective access to justice, so acclaimed and searched for the society. / Muito se discute acerca da problemática que envolve o tema do acesso à justiça . Temos que a efetividade do processo representa uma das elementares do acesso à justiça ou a dita ordem jurídica justa . O processo efetivo é aquele que proporciona às partes o resultado material desejado, com a transposição de inúmeros obstáculos que se podem vislumbrar, em especial os efeitos perniciosos do tempo. Alcança-se a efetividade do processo por meio da concretização da norma abstratamente prevista, em um tempo razoável, para não gerar o descrédito no Poder Judiciário, nem a inutilidade de seu provimento ou perecimento do bem que se anseia, bem como de forma a se garantir os direitos essenciais do indivíduo a ampla defesa, contraditório e segurança jurídica. Assim é que vislumbramos que as ditas tutelas de urgência , formas de acesso à jurisdição, superando os efeitos perniciosos do tempo sobre a tutela estatal, juntamente com outros meios, tais como a instrumentalidade, a assistência judiciária, etc., são de extrema importância para a garantia de concretização do princípio da efetividade e do efetivo acesso à justiça, tão aclamado e buscado pela sociedade.

Magister Legum - LLM / During armed conflicts, women experience more abuses than their male counterpart. Besides, the disruption of national security systems resulting form the social and political troubles, exposes women to more violation of their human rights in the postconflict setting. During the last decade, the international community has employed noteworthy efforts to protect women from the effects of armed conflicts, and to ensure the prosecution of violators of women’s rights in post-conflict situations. This included inter alia, the adoption of binding treaties calling for protection of women against sexual and gender based violence(GBV), and the creation of an international Criminal Court and International tribunals to prosecute persons for the most serious crimes of international concern, including sexual and gender violence. During the armed conflict that occurred in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) between 1996 and 2003, a significant number of GBV acts were committed against women. Reports and statistical data from humanitarian organisations working in the DRC indicated an increase of GBV acts against women after the official cessation of the conflict. Moreover, reports indicated the emergence of GBV acts against women in areas that did not witness such acts during the conflict. The research paper interrogates, from a criminal justice angle, the response given to GBV acts perpetrated against women in the post-conflict setting. Furthermore, the research questions the access of women to justice and interrogates the challenges bedevilling this access at the national and international level. In addition, the research formulates recommendations aimed at enhancing the access of women survivor of GBV to justice, and for an effective prosecution of perpetrators of such acts.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-07T14:27:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1995204 bytes, checksum: 633f21a0b6ae7bab0d65d109081c52e7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-03-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The traditional understanding of the concept of citizenship recognizes rights and obligations by reason of the attachments of certain groups of individuals to a State law order. This notion distinguishes between individuals who are or are not citizens of one State, as if they possessed certain equal status. It overlooks, however, rooted internal discriminations that distinguish citizens gradually, due to its more or less correspondence to homogeneous parameters and their belonging to social classes. Accordingly, even supposedly democratic states oppress qualitative minorities in veiled manner, defying human rights and disregarding duties that are internationally recognised. The study discussed in this dissertation is based on such statement, and admits the existence of graduated citizenship even among Brazilians. Furthermore, this study proposes to analyse the specific contribution of the Brazilian Judiciary in maintaining the limitations of citizenship in the country, either through direct violation, or through simple connivance. Thus, the dissertation starts with the following question: the role of the national Judiciary has contributed to the perpetuation of the limitation of citizenship rights for marginalized groups even while seeking parity of into-the-process conditions? The hypothesis of this study is that it is up to the courts to ensure the observance of these rights and duties, and if different degrees of citizenship in Brazil can still be found, the parameters and actuation on behalf of equality have not been sufficient to solve the problem. It may lead to the need to revise the paradigms that shape the self-understanding of Justice and how it sees the Brazilian citizen. From the answer of this problem, the dissertation intends to contribute to studies on citizenship and access to justice in Brazil from the joint analysis of these themes - which though commonly operated in isolated way, they act in synchrony on implementation and violation of human rights in Brazil. For this, this study adopts legal pluralism as a theoretical framework that uses primarily the method of dialectical approach, analysing the Law as part of the social totality. The results indicate the need to revise the procedural instrumentalism and reinforce the understanding of the process as subjective right to be satisfied from the dialogical participation. The study criticizes the limitations of the socialization process theory, among which the politicization of the Judge, the procedural slowness and the pursuit of efficiency of the Judiciary according to business criteria. Then, the dissertation proposes the adoption of a qualified democratic process that is timely, effective, appropriate and dialogical. Finally, it also recognizes the need to modify the parameter self-centered that understands the Law, going to examine in different kinds of ways according to the multicultural and multilegal state and through the democratic process. / Segundo a compreensão tradicional, o instituto da cidadania reconhece direitos e obrigações fundamentais em razão da vinculação de determinados grupos de indivíduos a uma orde m jurídica estatal. Essa noção distingue os indivíduos entre aqueles que são ou não cidadãos de dado Estado, como se concidadãos fossem dotados de certo status de igualdade. Olvida, contudo, discriminações internas enraizadas que distinguem os cidadãos de maneira gradual, em razão de sua maior ou menor correspondência a parâmetros homogêneos e seu pertencimento a classes sociais. Assim, mesmo Estados pretensamente democráticos oprimem de modo velado minorias qualitativas, afrontando direitos humanos e descumprindo deveres reconhecidos internacionalmente. O presente estudo parte dessa constatação, admite a existência de graduação de cidadania mesmo entre nacionais e propõe-se a analisar a contribuição específica do Judiciário brasileiro na manutenção das limitações de cidadania no país, seja por meio de violação direta, seja por intermédio de simples conivência. Desse modo, parte do seguinte questionamento: a atuação do Judiciário nacional tem contribuído na perpetuação da limitação de direitos de cidadania para grupos marginalizados mesmo enquanto busca a paridade de armas endoprocessual? Considera-se a hipótese de que se cabe ao Judiciário garantir a observância desses direitos e deveres e continua sendo possível constatar a existência de diferentes graus de cidadania no país, os parâmetros e a atuação em prol da isonomia não têm sido suficientes para solucionar o problema, o que pode ensejar a necessidade de rever os paradigmas que moldam a autocompreensão da Justiça e a forma como esta vê o cidadão brasileiro. Com isso, pretende-se, respondendo o problema, contribuir para os estudos sobre cidadania e acesso à justiça no Brasil, a partir da análise conjunta desses temas que, embora costumeiramente explorados de maneira isolada, atuam com sincronia na concretização e na violação dos direitos humanos no Brasil. Para tanto, adota-se o pluralismo jurídico como marco teórico e utiliza-se prioritariamente o método de abordagem dialético, analisando o Direito como parte da totalidade social. Os resultados alcançados indicam a necessidade de rever o instrumentalismo processual e reforçar a compreensão do processo como direito subjetivo, a ser satisfeito a partir da participação dialógica. Critica-se as limitações da teoria socializadora do processo, dentre as quais a politização do juiz, a morosidade processual e a busca pela eficiência do Judiciário segundo critérios empresariais. Propõe a adoção de um processo democrático qualificado e, por isso, tempestivo, efetivo, adequado e dialógico. Reconhece, também, a necessidade de modificar o parâmetro autocentrado com que se compreende o Direito, passando a analisá-lo de maneira plural, segundo o Estado plurijurídico e multicultural, e por intermédio do processo democrático.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:26:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Alexandre David Malfatti.pdf: 999778 bytes, checksum: 5c0e86e20a74e2f7c5a0491f5ce8c3ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-30 / The "consumer's protection" wakes up a great interest in the society and in the organs of state power and it portrays the confluence of two movements on behalf of the citizens: the) the consumer's and b) the cash access to the Justice. Brazil should not flee to the world rule of the necessary protection of the consumer-senior. The Federal Constitution of 1.988 disposed expressly about the obligation of the State to defend the consumer (goods 5o, interruption XXXII and 170, V) and of the senior's protection for the family, for the society and for the State (art. 230). The actions of public politics of the Executive Power, of edition of norms for the Legislative Power, of judgments of the Judiciary Power and, finally, of the sphere toilet they cannot act against the consumer's legitimate interests. The law no. 8.078/90 (Code of Defense of the Consumer - CDC) and the Law n. 10.741/2003 (Statute of the Senior - EI) they took care of the regulation of the consumption relationship and of the senior, respectively. It is possible to establish a connection among those laws, in way to fasten parameters of the protection of the consumersenior. Several measures can facilitate the defense in judgment of the consumer-senior: the) creation of specialized judiciary organs, b) mechanisms that guarantee juridical attendance, c) inversion of the obligation of the proof and other internal providences of the process, d) forum prerogative. The prerogative of forum of the consumersenior appears, then, as fundamental instrument for the cash access to the Justice. It is forecast of CDC and of EI that should be applied in benefit of him consumer-senior, so much in the individual actions, as in the collective actions. The interpretation of the competence norms should be made in harmony with that prerogative, always in way to an useful result for the protection of the consumer-senior / A proteção do consumidor desperta um grande interesse tanto na sociedade como nos órgãos de poder estatal e retrata a confluência de dois movimentos em prol dos cidadãos: a) o consumerismo e b) o efetivo acesso à Justiça. O Brasil não deve fugir à regra mundial da necessária proteção do consumidor-idoso. A Constituição Federal de 1.988 dispôs expressamente sobre a obrigação do Estado defender o consumidor (artigos 5o, inciso XXXII e 170, V) e da tutela do idoso pela família, pela sociedade e pelo Estado (art. 230). Os atos de política pública do Poder Executivo, de edição de normas pelo Poder Legislativo, de julgamentos do Poder Judiciário e, por fim, da esfera privada não poderão atuar contra os legítimos interesses do consumidor. A lei no. 8.078/90 (Código de Defesa do Consumidor - CDC) e a Lei n. 10.741/2003 (Estatuto do Idoso EI) cuidaram da regulamentação da relação de consumo e do idoso, respectivamente. É possível estabelecer uma conexão entre aquelas leis, de modo a fixar parâmetros da tutela do consumidor-idoso. Várias medidas podem facilitar a defesa em Juízo do consumidor-idoso: a) criação de órgãos judiciários especializados, b) mecanismos que garantam assistência jurídica, c) inversão do ônus da prova e outras providências internas do processo, d) prerrogativa de foro. A prerrogativa de foro do consumidor-idoso surge, então, como instrumento fundamental para o efetivo acesso à Justiça. Trata-se de previsão do CDC e do EI que deve ser aplicada em benefício dele consumidor-idoso, tanto nas ações individuais, como nas ações coletivas. A interpretação das normas de competência deve ser feita em harmonia com aquela prerrogativa, sempre de maneira a um resultado útil para a tutela do consumidor-idoso

Les processus participatifs reposant sur les principes d’information et de participation en matière d’environnement contribuent à la démocratie environnementale en Afrique de l’Ouest. Cette contribution s’effectue au-delà de la mise en œuvre de ces principes dans la gestion des écosystèmes, par la recherche d’une justice sociale environnementale et la tentative de mettre en œuvre les principes de bonne gouvernance au service de la gestion des écosystèmes et le respect des droits de l’homme dans le domaine de l’environnement. Toutefois, pour que les processus participatifs apportent une meilleure contribution à la démocratie environnementale en Afrique de l’Ouest, il est nécessaire que le cadre juridique de la participation du public soit clarifié. Ce cadre juridique concerne aussi bien l’accès à l’information, les procédures de participation du public à la prise de décision et à la gestion en matière d’environnement, mais surtout offrir la possibilité au public de se faire entendre par la justice ou par d’autres modes de règlement des différends en matière d’environnement et de gestion des écosystèmes. / The participative processes basing on the principles of information and participation regarding environment contribute to the environmental democracy in Africa the West. This contribution is made beyond the implementation of these principles in the management of the ecosystems, by the research for an environmental social justice and the attempt to implement (operate) the principles of good governance in the service of the management of the ecosystems and the respect for human rights in the field of the environment. However, so that the participative processes make a better contribution to the environmental democracy in western Africa, it is necessary that the legal framework of the participation of the public is clarified. This legal framework concerns as well the access to the information, the procedures of participation of the public in the decision-making and in the management regarding environment, but especially to offer the possibility to the public to be listened by the justice or by of other one methods of payment of the disputes regarding environment and regarding management of the ecosystems.