The present study examines whether recognition of prior learning (RPL) is being implemented in the workplace, its effectiveness and impact on improving the lives of the previously disadvantaged groups and its contribution towards enhancing a culture of lifelong learning in South Africa. The main aim of this research is to explore the implementation of RPL and the extent of its effectiveness in the workplace, with particular focus on Northern Region of the Eskom Distribution. This was hoped to be addressed through the following objectives: The first objective was to determine the extent to which Eskom employees are aware of the RPL practices and to ascertain the level of awareness among employees. The second objective was to explore the current trends and practices on RPL at the workplace. The third objective was to determine and identify if there are any gaps. The last objective was to suggest ways that can be used to strengthen the RPL practice in the workplace. To this end, a questionnaire was administered to a randomly selected sample of 242 employees. In addition, interviews were conducted with three purposively selected (information rich) participants. The findings reveal that Eskom has policies and guidelines on RPL and a clearly stipulated purpose which is in line with the National Qualifications Framework (NQF), however, the current RPL policies and procedures have not been piloted within the Northern Region, the information has not yet reached everyone in the business, and employees’ level of awareness is still low. Findings also reveal that RPL does exist in Distribution and efforts to implement it are visible/traceable. A number of milestones and achievements are noted in the business as a whole as well as in the region, although a lot still needs to be done to ensure full and effective implementation. The last finding shows that there are a number of gaps and challenges impeding the success of RPL. These range from capacity building to quality assurance. On the basis of the findings, a number of recommendations to strengthen the RPL practice in the workplace are proposed and suggested. / Psychology of Education / M. Ed. (Psychology of Education)

The goal of the research was to explore the ongoing problem of Baptist Pastors leaving the ministry and to attempt to discover the impact of this problem upon Baptist Churches by means of "focus group" interviews. The dissertation links the problem with a Baptist ecclesiology and seeks to understand the Baptist belief in the autonomy of the Local Church and the praxis of accreditation for pastoral ministry, plus the existence of so-called "subterranean Pastors" which has contributed toward pastoral termination. / Practical theology / M.Th. (Practical Theology)

Theological Education by Extension (TEE) for parishioners is the general area of study. However, focus is placed on the developing of a curriculum, particularly on the problems and challenges around developing of a relevant TEE curriculum. Four different TEE programmes in Botswana were studied. The findings showed that problems were experienced by respondents and others who are involved in TEEs in Botswana. The respondents could identify and describe some of such problems and challenges. Therefore the researcher could arrive at the following conclusion:- Students, staff and all other parties of a TEE must collectively and fully participate in the developing of the curriculum. Moreover, the socio-cultural context influences TEE curriculum; therefore, students need to be trained to respond to such influences in their life situations. Once again, it is important that the curriculum policy and the process of planning take into account of some basic concerns like the theological presuppositions, aims and objectives and basic commitments or foci behind the curriculum. If these concerns are well attended, a more relevant TEE curriculum can be developed. / Philosophy, Practical and Systematic Theology / Th. M. (Practical Theology)

The study centres on the development of a didactically justified design model of a competency based modular training system for the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries. The design model is represented in a diagram form identifying the components of the design model in relation to their systems function. The components of the design model are; training needs analysis, aims and objectives of training, the learner initial situation, the code of practice for training within industry, the pre-interactive training phase, the interactive training phase and training outcomes. Checklists are developed for using the design model as well as some practical examples of the implementation of the design model in creating a training system which features sound andragogic didactic principles and practices. The use of the design model enables the development of a practical competency based modular training system which meets the unique requirements of the Printing, Newspaper and Packaging Industries. / Educational Studies / M. Ed. (Didactics)

[pt] A presente dissertação de mestrado em metrologia relaciona- se à qualidade laboratorial do setor da saúde, notadamente da saúde pública, contribuindo para o desenvolvimento da confiabilidade metrológica do setor médico-hospitalar em pelo menos 4 aspectos básicos: (i) identificação da legislação metrológica disponível no Brasil, via de regra organizada de forma esparsa e não facilmente acessível ao profissional usuário final,cuja pesquisa bibliográfica explicita grande carência de literatura especializada; (ii) análise do acervo de normas e recomendações metrológicas para o setor; (iii)diagnóstico da qualidade laboratorial em um Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública (LACEN), como implementação de uma estratégia alternativa para implantação de sistema da qualidade em laboratório da saúde pública com base em uma nova abordagem que focaliza a qualidade laboratorial da Rede nacional de laboratórios Oficiais de Controle da Qualidade e Saúde, criando um mecanismo que permite ao laboratório demonstrar sua competência técnica; (iv) diagnóstico da conformidade metrológica de instrumentos médico-hospitalares fundamentado nos estudos de caso de balanças para controle da massa de neonatos e de instrumentos biomédicos para medição da pressão arterial, como exemplo de ação do controle metrológico de instrumentos de amplo uso no ambiente médico-hospitalar.A despeito da complexidade e abrangência do setor da saúde no Brasil, a pesquisa desenvolvida revelou não apenas carência e inadequação da literatura técnica disponível bem como forte vulnerabilidade no controle metrológico de laboratório e de equipamentos médico-hospitalares. O diagnóstico realizado em um laboratório típico da saúde pública evidenciou também grandes desafios para a implantação do sistema da qualidade laboratorial.A despeito dos complexos problemas de natureza política e econômica que afetam o sistema da saúde no Brasil, as limitações de caráter metrológicos relacionam-se (i) à falta de uma adequada cultura metrológica no setor, fator intrínseco que entrava a implementação do sistema da qualidade laboratorial, imprescindível à comprovação da competência técnica do laboratório (credenciamento) e (ii) uma surpreendente diversidade de modelos, tipos e quantidade de instrumentos/equipamentos em uso no setor, via de regra dependentes de calibração sofisticada que demandam complexa infra-estrutura laboratorial e métodos e práticas de calibração não disponíveis nos laboratórios credenciados que integram as redes laboratoriais implementadas no País. Sem a pretensão de exaurir tema de tal abrangência e complexidade, porém com o propósito de exemplificar duas importantes áreas que apresentam nítida vulnerabilidade em setores tradicionais cujo envolvimento metrológico não se constitui em barreira ao profissional- usuário do equipamento, a pesquisa analisou (a) o desempenho de dezesseis balanças disponíveis em seis hospitais maternidades, utilizadas para controle da massa de recém- nascidos, como estratégia de orientação do diagnóstico médico e (b)resultados do desempenho de esfigmomanômetros para controle da pressão arterial no ambiente hospitalar. O presente trabalho constitui parte de um esforço mais amplo, desenvolvido em articulação com a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), para fortalecer a qualidade laboratorial no setor da saúde pública brasileira. / [en] The present dissertation for a Master`s degree in metrology is related to laboratory quality in the health care sector in general and to public health services in particular, and its purpose is to contribute to the development of reliable measurement practices in the hospital care section within the scope of at least 4 basic aspects: (i) identification of the available metrology legislation in Brazil which, as a rule, is sparsely organized and is not easily accessible to the end-user/practitioner, whose bibliographical research reveals an explicit lack of specialized literature; (ii) analysis of the compiled measurement standards and recommendations for the sector; (iii) diagnosis of laboratory quality in a Central Public Health Care Laboratory (Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública - LACEN)as a means by which to implement an alternative strategy for introducing a quality system in a public health care laboratory based on a new approach that focuses on the quality of the laboratories that comprise the National Network of Official Quality and Health Care Control Laboratories, and the subsequent creation of a type of mechanism that will allow a laboratory to demonstrate its technical competence; (iv) diagnosis of instruments that are employed in hospital services in terms of their conformity to measurement standards based on case studies of scales for controlling the mass of neonates, and of biomedical instruments for measuring blood pressure, as an example of how measurement is controlled in the case of instruments that are widely used in the hospital care environment.Despite the complexity and reach of the Brazilian health care sector, the research that was carried out not only revealed that the technical literature available is insufficient and unsuitable, but also that the measurement provided by laboratories and hospital care equipment are controlled in a high vulnerable manner. The diagnosis that was performed in a typical health care laboratory also brought to light a number of major challenges for the introduction of a laboratory quality system. Apart from the complex political and economic problems that affect the Brazilian health care system as a whole, the limitations associated with measurements are related to (i)the lack of a suitable metrology culture within the sector because this intrinsic factor hampers the implementation of a laboratory quality system and the latter is an essential requirement for proving that a laboratory is technically competent (accreditation), and (ii) the astonishing variety and number of models and types of instruments/equipment that are in use in this sector, which, as a rule, depend on sophisticated calibration procedures and require complex laboratory infrastructures and calibration methods and practices that are not available in the accredited laboratories within the laboratorynetworks that have been implemented in the country. This paper does not propose to exhaust such a broad and complex topic. Rather, its purpose is to consider the examples of two important areas that are clearly vulnerable in traditional sectors whose involvement with metrology does not represent an obstacle to the practitioner/user of the equipment. To this end, the research has focused on (a) the performance of sixteen scales that are available in six maternity hospitals and are used for controlling the mass of newborn infants as a strategy for the orientation of medical diagnoses and (b) the performance results of sphygmomanometers that are used for controlling blood pressure in hospital environments. This paper is part of a more encompassing initiative towards the improvement of laboratory quality in the Brazilian public health care sector and has been developed as a joint effort with the National Agency of Sanitary Vigilance (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária - ANVISA).

Esse estudo teve por objetivo analisar as dinâmicas de mudanças organizacionais transcorridas em um estabelecimento de saúde. Conduzido através metodologia de estudo de caso descritivo, teve como campo de pesquisa o Instituto de Hematologia do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Buscando conhecer o papel da preparação para acreditação na dinâmica da mudança em uma organização de saúde essa pesquisa foi assim estruturada: abordagem dos problemas encontrados nas mudanças organizacionais em estabelecimentos de saúde; quadro teórico estruturado com uma revisão de literatura; embasamento da metodologia aplicada, com definição de instrumentos de coletas de dados, de material e atores implicados no levantamento para realização da análise qualitativa. O estudo analisou as seguintes variáveis: a natureza da mudança focalizando a extensão, ritmo e trajetória; as estratégias de ação, contemplando as situações de adesões e resistência e a concepção, verificando se as mudanças foram indutivas ou dedutivas. O resultado demonstrou que a preparação para acreditação naquele hospital, proporcionou mudanças com movimentos lentos, mas com continuidade em todos os setores do estabelecimento. Foi identificada participação mais ativa de um grupo de profissionais identificados como facilitadores, funcionando como multiplicadores. A abrangência das estratégias aplicadas foram desde as reuniões em assembléias gerais, á formação de grupos de estudo por setores para entendimento do manual de padrões de acreditação. Foram realizados processos internos de auto-avaliação com base no manual de acreditação. Em relação á concepção, o processo de mudança foi motivado pela determinação da direção do hospital para obtenção do certificado de acreditação internacional. Quanto á resistência e adesão, o estudo demonstrou que a participação de uma grande maioria dos profissionais foi motivada pelo desejo de aprender e desenvolver novas práticas que proporcionasse a melhoria da qualidade da assistência. A análise de dados aponta certa resistência da categoria médica no início do processo. Do ponto de vista organizacional, foram criadas novas estruturas. A conclusão do estudo: O processo de preparação para acreditação na unidade de saúde estudada demonstrou ser um instrumento capaz de promover mudanças em organizações de saúde. / This study it had objective to analyze the dynamic ones of which elapsed organizational changes in a health establishment. Lead through methodology study of descriptive case, the Institute of Hematology of the State of Rio de Janeiro had as research field. Searching this research to know the paper of the preparation for accreditation in the dynamics of the change in a health organization thus was structured: boarding of the problems found in the organizational changes in health establishments; structured theoretical picture with a literature revision; basement of the applied methodology, with definition of instruments of collections of data, material and actors implied in the survey for accomplishment of the qualitative analysis. The study it analyzed the changeable following: the nature of the change focusing the extension, rhythm and trajectory; the action strategies, contemplating the situations of adhesions and resistance and the conception, verifying if the changes were inductive or deductive. The result demonstrated that the preparation for accreditation in that hospital, provided changes with slow movements, but with continuity in all the sectors of the establishment. It was identified to more active participation of a group of identified professionals as providers, functioning as multiplying. They comprehensives, was applied strategies was since the meetings in general meetings, the training of groups of study for sectors for agreement of the manual of accreditation standards. Internal processes of autoevaluation on the basis of the accreditation manual were accomplished. In respect to conception, the change process was motivated by the determination of the direction of the hospital for attainment of the certificate of international accreditation. How much the resistance and adhesion, the study demonstrated that the participation of a great majority of the professionals was motivated by the desire to learn and to develop new practices that the improvement of the quality of the assistance provided. The analysis of data points certain at the beginning resistance of the medical category of the process. Of the point of view organizational, structures were new servants. The conclusion of the study: The process of preparation for accreditation in the unit of studied health demonstrated to be an instrument capable to promote changes in health organizations.

Na perspectiva de contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade, os serviços de saúde precisam desenvolver e aprimorar seus processos internos para melhoria de seus resultados assistenciais. A adoção de programas para a melhoria contínua da qualidade, como a acreditação, é uma maneira de avaliar se esses processos promovem, de fato, a segurança e a qualidade do atendimento. Este estudo, de delineamento metodológico, objetivou adaptar e validar, para uso no Brasil, instrumentos que possibilitem mensurar aspectos destes programas de melhoria da qualidade. Para tanto optou-se pelo questionário Quality Improvement Implementation Survey II (QIIS) e pelas subescalas do Preparation of Health Services for Accreditation (PHSA), analisando as suas propriedades psicométricas para profissionais que atuam nas áreas assistenciais, administrativas e de apoio de hospitais acreditados. O QIIS é divido em duas seções, denominadas A e B. A primeira mensura e classifica o tipo de cultura na qual se enquadra o hospital; as respostas são obtidas em escores entre 0 e 100 pontos e integra cinco subescalas e vinte itens analisados em quatro categorias: Cultura de Grupo; de Desenvolvimento; Hierárquica e Racional. A seção B destaca as ações do hospital para a melhoria da qualidade; apresenta sete subescalas com cinquenta e oito itens: Liderança, Informação e Análise, Planejamento Estratégico da Qualidade, Utilização de Recursos Humanos, Gestão da Qualidade, Resultados da Qualidade e Satisfação do Cliente. As subescalas denominadas Acreditação e Benefício da Acreditação foram adotadas do PHSA. A primeira subescala possui quatro itens e a segunda, oito. Tanto para a seção B do QIIS e subescalas do PHSA, as respostas foram medidas por meio de escalas do tipo Likert. O delineamento metodológico seguiu os seguintes passos: tradução e síntese das traduções, avaliação por comitê de especialistas, retrotradução, pré-teste e análise das propriedades psicométricas. Os dados foram coletados em sete hospitais 8 acreditados, no período de junho de 2016 a agosto de 2017. Participaram do estudo 581 profissionais. A validade de face e conteúdo dos instrumentos foi avaliada pelo comitê de especialistas, tradutores, respondentes do pré-teste e pelas pesquisadoras que conduziram este estudo. Quanto à análise das propriedades psicométricas, realizou-se a Análise Fatorial Exploratória e Análise Fatorial Confirmatória. Em termos de resultados, o delineamento do perfil da amostra apresentou-se de maioria feminino (68,2%), com idade média de 35,4 anos e cerca de 8 anos de atuação nos hospitais, sendo que a maioria das respostas eram de sujeitos que atuavam em hospitais com fins lucrativos (66,4%), 19% de respostas foram de hospitais públicos e 14,2% de filantrópicos. Após ajustes do modelo, a seção A da versão final do QIIS passou a ter quatro subescalas e treze itens; já a seção B, o mesmo número de subescalas, porém com quarenta e um itens. Quanto às subescalas do PHSA, houve mudança apenas na segunda (Benefício da Acreditação), com a exclusão de dois itens. Com relação à confiabilidade, obteve-se valor adequado para a consistência interna das seções A e B da versão adaptada do QIIS e subescalas do PHSA, tendo os Alphas de Cronbach variando de 0,64 a 0,94; exceto na categoria \"Cultura Racional\", que não apresentou medidas de ajustes adequadas (Alpha 0,53). Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que, apenas na categoria \"Cultura Racional\" não houve medidas adequadas para a sua aplicabilidade. A versão adaptada do QIIS e escalas do PHSA atenderam aos critérios de validade e confiabilidade na amostra estudada. Acredita-se que a utilização possibilitará um diagnóstico situacional dos hospitais brasileiros que adotaram a acreditação como estratégia para a melhoria contínua da qualidade / In order to contribute to the improvement of the quality of health services need to develop and improve their internal processes to improve their care results.. The adoption of programs for continuous quality improvement, such as accreditation, is one way to assess whether these processes actually promote safety and quality of care. The purpose of this study was to adapt and validate the Quality Improvement Implementation Survey II (QIIS) and subscales of the Preparation of Health Services for Accreditation (PHSA) for use in Brazil, as well as to analyze its psychometric properties for professionals working in care areas , administrative and support services of accredited hospitals. The QIIS is divided into two sections, named A and B. The first measures and classifies the type of culture in which the hospital fits; the answers are obtained in scores between zero and 100 points and integrates five subscales and twenty items analyzed in four categories: Group Culture; Hierarchical and Rational; of Development. Section B highlights the hospital\'s actions to improve quality; presents seven subscales with fifty-eight items: Leadership, Information and Analysis, Quality Strategic Planning, Use of Human Resources, Quality Management, Quality Results and Customer Satisfaction. The Accreditation and Accreditation Benefit subscales were adopted from the PHSA, used to measure the results of the implementation of an accreditation program under the nurses\' perspective. The first subscale has fourth items and the second, eight. For both section B of QIIS and PHSA, responses were measured using the Likert scale. The methodological design followed the following steps: translation and synthesis of translations, evaluation by expert committee, back-translation, pre-test and analysis of psychometric properties. Data were collected from seven accredited hospitals from June 2016 to August 2017. A total of 581 professionals participated in the study. The face and content validation of the instruments was evaluated by the committee of experts, translators and researchers who conducted this study. Regarding the analysis of the psychometric 10 properties, the Exploratory Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis were performed. In terms of results, the outline of the sample profile was female (68.2%), with an average age of 35.4 years and and about 8 years old in hospitals, with the majority of responses being from subjects who worked in for-profit hospitals (66.4%), 19% from public hospital responses and 14.2% from philanthropists. After adjustments of the model, section A of the final version of QIIS, now has four subscales (thirteen items); already section B, the same number of subscales, but with forty-one items. As for the subscales of the PHSA, there was change only in the second subscale (Benefit of Accreditation), with the exclusion of two items. Regarding reliability, an adequate value for the internal consistency of section A and B were obtained, of the adapted version of the QIIS and subscales of the PHSA with the alphabets of Cronbach varying from 0.64 to 0.94; except in the \"Rational Culture\" category, which did not present adequate adjustment measures (Alpha 0.53). In the light of the results, it is concluded that, only in the category \"Rational Culture\" there were no adequate measures for its applicability. The adapted version of the QIIS and PHSA scales met the criteria of validity and reliability in the sample studied. It is believed that the use will enable a situational diagnosis of Brazilian hospitals that have adopted accreditation as a strategy for the continuous improvement of quality

Submitted by Fabiana Gonçalves Pinto (benf@ndc.uff.br) on 2015-12-21T17:42:01Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseluci Santos de Salles.pdf: 763035 bytes, checksum: e98c74d6505f30e098306da0a8b7f909 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-12-21T17:42:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Roseluci Santos de Salles.pdf: 763035 bytes, checksum: e98c74d6505f30e098306da0a8b7f909 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Mestrado Profissional em Ensino na Saúde / Os processos de Educação Permanente surgem para os serviços em geral e seus setores de treinamento ou capacitação com a necessidade da adoção da concepção pedagógica problematizadora, com o propósito de estimular a reflexão da prática e a construção do conhecimento. Nas instituições de saúde não é diferente, porquanto seus trabalhadores cotidianamente precisam também aplicar adequadamente seus conhecimentos à realidade, o que frequentemente ocorre em um cenário complexo, onde a habilidade técnica deve-se aliar à de realizar ações que assegurem a continuidade do processo de trabalho. Nesse contexto, a segurança do paciente internado em um hospital está ligada ao desenvolvimento de algumas ações preventivas, que devem estar baseadas em princípios universais e na realidade específica da unidade de saúde. O gerenciamento do uso seguro de medicamentos é uma prioridade quando se trata de minimizar riscos para o paciente. Nesse cenário, foi delimitado como objetivo principal descrever sobre uma educação permanente fundada na cultura institucional da qualidade, a partir do cotidiano de profissionais envolvidos no processo de medicação do paciente internado; como objetivos secundários: relacionar as principais questões/problemas ligadas ao processo de educação permanente; conhecer possíveis estratégias adotadas pelos profissionais envolvidos com a saúde dos pacientes internados, no enfrentamento de questões ligadas ao processo de medicação e sua efetividade e; identificar estratégias educacionais com potencial de promover a interação/discussão e a solução multiprofissional de questões e problemas ligados ao processo de medicação dos pacientes internados. Metodologia: estudo descritivo de abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvido no Instituto Nacional de Traumatologia e Ortopedia (INTO), instituição pública de saúde, acreditada há seis anos, de referência nacional no atendimento de alta complexidade, localizado no município do Rio de Janeiro. Utilizaram-se como técnicas de coleta de dados: entrevistas em profundidade e grupo focal, em amostra intencional composta por 15 profissionais de saúde. Os dados foram tratados por análise de conteúdo conforme Bardin. Resultados: Da análise dos dados emergiram três categorias, a saber: A Educação Permanente para o compromisso; A Educação Permanente para o convívio e; A Educação Permanente para a mudança. As categorias emergidas mostraram as perspectivas do fenômeno estudado no que compete às dificuldades, ações multiprofissionais para resolução de problemas e para geração da mudança do processo de trabalho no que se relaciona ao processo de medicação do paciente internado. Conclusão: A concepção de Educação Permanente em um serviço de saúde no cumprimento de seu objetivo transformador de ações cotidianas prevê o conhecimento contínuo sobre seus trabalhadores e os aspectos que os tornam participantes do processo na construção de mudanças. A reflexão sobre educação em serviços de saúde dialoga com a que se dá sobre a qualidade da assistência em tais serviços. Assim, o desenvolvimento dos processos de trabalho de uma unidade hospitalar que prima pela qualidade na assistência prestada ao seu cliente, vai além de implementar uma metodologia de gestão que garanta a realização das tarefas conforme os padrões pré-estabelecidos em manuais, rotinas e protocolos. / The processes of Permanent Education for services in general and their training sectors or capacity with the need to adopt the questionable instructional design, in order to stimulate reflection on practice and knowledge construction. In health institutions is no different, because its workers daily need also appropriately apply their knowledge to reality, which often occurs in a complex scenario, where technical skill should be combined with actions to ensure continuity of the work process. In this context, the safety of the patient at hospital is linked to the development of some preventive actions, which must be based on universal principles and the specific reality of the health unit. Manage the safe use of medicines is a priority when it comes to minimizing risks to the patient. Main aim: to describe about one permanent education founded on institutional quality culture, from the everyday lives of professionals involved in medication process of the in-patient. Secondary aims: relate the main issues related to the process of education permanent; know possible strategies adopted by professionals involved with the health of hospitalized patients, in coping of issues related to the medication process and its effectiveness and; identify educational strategies with potential to promote interaction / discussion and multidisciplinary solution of issues and problems related to medication process of inpatients. Methodology: A descriptive qualitative study, developed at the National Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics (INTO), public health institution, accredited for six years, national reference in high-complexity care, located in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. Were used as techniques of data collection: in-depth interviews and focus groups in intentional sample of 15 health professionals. Data were treated by content analysis according to Bardin. Results: Data analysis revealed three categories, namely: Permanent Education for commitment; Permanent Education for socializing and; Permanent Education for change. The categories that emerged showed the prospects of the studied phenomenon related to difficulties, multidisciplinary actions for problem solving and generation change in the working process as it relates to the process of inpatient medication. Conclusion: The concept of Permanent Education in a health service in fulfilling its goal of transforming everyday actions provides the continued knowledge about its employees and the aspects that make them participants in the construction process of change. The reflection about education in health services dialogues with a reflection that occurs about the quality of care in such services. Thus, the development of work processes within a hospital unit that excels in quality of care provided to your customer goes beyond implementing a management methodology that ensures the tasks according to pre-established standards in manuals, routines and protocols.

This work deals with a comprehensive evaluation of private nursery schools included in the Register of School Legal Entities. The main research problem is the definition of pre- school facilities accredited by the Ministry of Education based on its comprehensive evaluation. The aim is to completely analyze selected preschool institution accredited by the Ministry and subsequently define the field of education with regard to the research assumptions based on laws, regulations, school government documents and documents selected institutions. The object of this work will be private nursery school accredited by the Ministry and will be subject to evaluation of the operation, ie the evaluation of the organization, control, staffing, content and form of education, educational environment and employee satisfaction school. We will analyze the work and the resources and procedures that must be achieved in order for the organization received accreditation. Subsequently, on the basis of a questionnaire we discover how employees organization meets the system operation or you against him in certain areas defined. Due to objective and comprehensive view we will use subsequent SWOT analysis system, which will set the strategy of the organization. The conclusion of this work we will try to affect the functioning...

自2011年「十二年國民基本教育實施計畫」核定之後，課綱的修訂也隨之而來，在這次修訂的十二年國教社會領綱草案中，不但包含總綱所強調的以學習者為主體、素養導向的精神；也有其領域特色，例如將原本的單元式內容編排改為主題式、強調探究與實作的活動設計、以及跨科目的橫向連結等等。對於教科書的編寫與審定而言，教科書的編纂需以課綱之規範為憑依，而課綱亦為教科書實質審查的主要依據，當課綱有所改變時，教科書的編、審不可避免地受其影響。 　　本研究旨在了解普通型高中教科書審定制度實務運作的現況、困境，並以十二年國教新課綱為焦點，分析其對教科書編寫與審定運作的影響，進一步了解既有問題是否因課綱的轉變及相關的配套措施而獲得改善？抑或者是產生新的問題需要處理？而本研究參考Winter, S（1990）政策執行整合模式的變項，轉化為探究十二年國教新課綱對教科書編寫與審定之影響的基本架構，並透過文獻分析、深度訪談來進行資料蒐集。 　　藉由上述方式，本研究發現，過去高中教科書在審查運作上有溝通沒有效率、審查缺乏一致性、以審代編等困境；而新課綱亦對教科書的編審帶來如何正確理解新課綱、如何將課綱精準轉化為教科書、教科書審查的範圍與方式等挑戰。對此，政府在教科書編寫進行前，有舉辦出版社工作坊、發展教材與教學模組等協助措施；在三方座談前，有提高課綱研修委員在審查委員中的比例、建立共同審查基準、舉辦審查委員說明會等規劃；在審定開始前則有三方座談的安排，此外也對高中的教科用書審定辦法進行調整與修訂。而在新課綱的推動下，教科書審定政策中有三項兩難：課綱是教科書編寫的「天花板」還是「門檻」、素養導向在編審中落實的「教育理想」與「現實考量」、教科書審定制度在「鬆綁」與「緊縮」間的拉扯。然而在領綱還沒正式定案、教科書還沒開始進行編、審時，各項配套措施與準備工作都還在研議或進行中，最後會呈現什麼態樣還待後續的觀察。