Particle separation is of great interest to many biological and biomedical applications. Flow-based methods have been used to sort particles and cells. However, the main challenge with flow based particle separation systems is the need for a sheath flow for successful operation. Existence of the sheath liquid dilutes the analyte, necessitates precise flow control between sample and sheath flow, requires a complicated design to create sheath flow and separation efficiency depends on the sheath liquid composition. In addition, current gold standard active separation techniques are only capable of separation based on particle size; hence, separation cannot be achieved for same-size particles with different densities. In this dissertation, a sheathless acoustic-based microfluidic platform using surface acoustic wave for not only size-dependent but also density-dependent particle separation has been investigated. In this platform, two different functions were incorporated within a single microfluidic channel with varying the number of pressure node and position. The first function was to align particles on the center of the microfluidic channel without adding any external sheath flow. The second function was to separate particles according to their size or density. Two different size-pairs of polystyrene particles with different diameters (3 µm and 10 µm for general size-resolution, 3 µm and 5 µm for higher size-resolution) were successfully separated. Also, the separation of two 10 µm diameter, different-density particle streams (polystyrene: 1.05 g/cm3, melamine: 1.71 g/cm3) was successfully demonstrated. The effects of the input power, the flow rate, and particle concentration on the separation efficiency were investigated. A range of high separation efficiencies with 94.8-100 % for size-based separation and 87.2 - 98.9 % for density-based separation were accomplished. In this dissertation, an acoustic-based microfluidic platform using dual acoustic streaming for active mixing has also been investigated. The rapid and high efficiency mixing of a fluorescent dye solution and deionized water in a microfluidic channel was demonstrated with single acoustic excitation by one interdigital transducer (IDT) as well as dual excitation by two IDTs. The mixing efficiencies were investigated as a function of applied voltage and flow rates. The results indicate that with the same operation parameters, the mixing efficiency with dual-IDT design increased to 96.7 % from 69.8 % achievable with the traditional single-IDT design. The effect of aperture length of the IDT on mixing efficiency was also investigated. Additionally, the effects of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) channel wall thickness on the insertion loss and the particle migration to the pressure node due to acoustic radiation forces induced by SAW have been investigated. The results indicate that as the PDMS channel wall thickness decreased, the SAW insertion loss is reduced as well as the velocity of the particle migration due to acoustic forces increased significantly. As an example, reducing the side wall thickness of the PDMS channel from 8 mm to 2 mm in the design results in 31.2 % decrease in the insertion loss at the resonant frequency of 13.3 MHz and 186 % increase the particle migration velocity at the resonant frequency of 13.3 MHz with input power of 27 dBm. Lastly, a novel acoustic-based method of manipulating the particles using phase-shift has been proposed and demonstrated. The location of the pressure node was adjusted simply by modulating the relative phase difference (phase-shift) between two IDTs. As a result, polystyrene particles of 5 µm diameter trapped in the pressure node were manipulated laterally across the microfluidic channel. The lateral displacements of the particles from -72.5 µm to 73.1 µm along the x-direction were accomplished by varying the phase-shift with a range of -180° to 180°. The relationship between the particle displacement and the phase-shift of SAW was obtained experimentally and shown to agree with theoretical prediction of the particle position.

<p>Tissue stiffness can be an indicator of various types of ailments. However, no standard diagnostic imaging modality has the capability to depict the stiffness of tissue. To overcome this deficiency, various elasticity imaging methods have been proposed over the past 20 years. A promising technique for elasticity imaging is acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) based shear wave imaging. Spatially localized acoustic radiation force excitation is applied impulsively to generate shear waves in tissue and its stiffness is quantified by measuring the shear wave speed (SWS).</p><p>The aim of this thesis is to contribute to both the clinical application of ARFI shear wave imaging and its technical development using the latest advancements in ultrasound imaging capabilities.</p><p>To achieve the first of these two goals, a pilot imaging study was conducted to evaluate the suitability of ARFI shear wave imaging for the assessment of liver fibrosis using a rodent model of the disease. The stiffness of severely fibrotic rat livers were found to be significantly higher than healthy livers. In addition, liver stiffness was correlated with fibrosis as quantified using collagen content.</p><p>Based on these findings, an imaging study was conducted on patients undergoing liver biopsy at the Duke University Medical Center. A robust SWS estimation algorithm was implemented to deal with noisy patient shear wave data using the random sample consensus (RANSAC) approach. RANSAC estimated liver stiffness was found to be higher in severely fibrotic and cirrhotic livers, suggesting that ARFI shear wave imaging may potentially be useful for the staging of severe</p><p>fibrosis in humans.</p><p>To achieve the second aim of this thesis, a system capable of monitoring ARFI induced shear wave propagation in 3D was implemented using a 2D matrix array transducer. This capability was previously unavailable with conventional 1D arrays. This system was used to study the precision of time-of-flight (TOF) based SWS estimation. It was found that by placing tracking beam locations at the edges of the SWS measurement region of interest using the 2D matrix array, TOF SWS precision could be improved in a homogeneous medium.</p><p>The 3D shear wave imaging system was also used to measure the SWS in muscle, which does not conform to the isotropic mechanical behavior usually assumed for tissue, due to the parallel arrangement of muscle fibers. It is shown that the SWS along and across the fibers, as well as the 3D fiber orientation can be estimated from a single 3D shear wave data-set. In addition, these measurements can be made independent of the probe orientation relative to the fibers. This suggests that 3D shear wave imaging can be useful for characterizing anisotropic mechanical properties of tissue.</p> / Dissertation

<p>The rupture of arterial plaques is the most common cause of ischemic complications including stroke, the fourth leading cause of death and number one cause of long term disability in the United States. Unfortunately, because conventional diagnostic tools fail to identify plaques that confer the highest risk, often a disabling stroke and/or sudden death is the first sign of disease. A diagnostic method capable of characterizing plaque vulnerability would likely enhance the predictive ability and ultimately the treatment of stroke before the onset of clinical events.</p><p>This dissertation evaluates the hypothesis that Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse (ARFI) imaging can noninvasively identify lipid regions, that have been shown to increase a plaque's propensity to rupture, within carotid artery plaques <italic>in vivo</italic>. The work detailed herein describes development efforts and results from simulations and experiments that were performed to evaluate this hypothesis.</p><p>To first demonstrate feasibility and evaluate potential safety concerns, finite-element method simulations are used to model the response of carotid artery plaques to an acoustic radiation force excitation. Lipid pool visualization is shown to vary as a function of lipid pool geometry and stiffness. A comparison of the resulting Von Mises stresses indicates that stresses induced by an ARFI excitation are three orders of magnitude lower than those induced by blood pressure. This thesis also presents the development of a novel pulse inversion harmonic tracking method to reduce clutter-imposed errors in ultrasound-based tissue displacement estimates. This method is validated in phantoms and was found to reduce bias and jitter displacement errors for a marked improvement in image quality <italic>in vivo</italic>. Lastly, this dissertation presents results from a preliminary <italic>in vivo</italic> study that compares ARFI imaging derived plaque stiffness with spatially registered composition determined by a Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) gold standard in human carotid artery plaques. It is shown in this capstone experiment that lipid filled regions in MRI correspond to areas of increased displacement in ARFI imaging while calcium and loose matrix components in MRI correspond to uniformly low displacements in ARFI imaging.</p><p>This dissertation provides evidence to support that ARFI imaging may provide important prognostic and diagnostic information regarding stroke risk via measurements of plaque stiffness. More generally, the results have important implications for all acoustic radiation force based imaging methods used clinically.</p> / Dissertation

The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) provides no vibration-based sound power measurement standard that provides Precision (Grade 1) results. Current standards that provide Precision (Grade 1) results require known acoustic environments or complex setups. This thesis details the Vibration Based Radiation Mode (VBRM) method as one approach that could potentially be used to develop a Precision (Grade 1) standard. The VBRM method uses measured surface velocities of a structure and combines them with the radiation resistance matrix to calculate sound power. In this thesis the VBRM method is used to measure the sound power of a single-plate and multiple plate system. The results are compared to sound power measurements using ISO 3741 and good alignment between the 200 Hz and 4 kHz one-third octave band is shown. It also shows that in the case of two plates separated by a distance and driven with uncorrelated sources, the contribution to sound power of each individual plate can be calculated while they are simultaneously excited. The VBRM method is then extended to account for acoustically radiating cylindrical geometries. The mathematical formulations of the radiation resistance matrix and the accompanying acoustic radiation modes of a baffled cylinder are developed. Numberical sound power calculations using the VBRM method and a boundary element method (BEM) are compared and show good alignment. Experimental surface velocity measurements of a cylinder are taken using a scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV) and the VBRM method is used to calculate the sound power of a cylinder experimentally. The results are compared to sound power measurements taken using ISO 3741.

Optical membranes are currently pursued for their ability to replace the conventional mirrors that are used to correct wave front aberration and space-based telescopes. Among some of the many benefits of using optical membranes, is their ability to considerably reduce the weight of the structure. As a secondary effect, the cost of transportation, which is of great interest in space applications, is reduced as well. Given the low density of these thin-film membranes, the lower end dynamics play a greater significant role than their rigid plate-like counterparts in achieving functional mirrors. Space-based mirrors are subjected to a series of disturbances. Among those encountered are thermal radiation, debris impact, and slewing maneuvers. Thus, dynamic control is essential for the adequate performance of thin-film membrane mirrors. With this in mind, the work described herein aims to improve the performance of optical membranes with an innovative, acoustical control approach to suppress vibration of optical membranes backed by an air cavity. This is achieved by using a centralized acoustic source in the cavity as the method of actuation. The acoustic actuation is of great interest since it does not mass load the membrane in the conventional way, as most methods of actuation would. To achieve this end goal, two structural-acoustic coupled models are developed to describe the dynamics of a pressurized optical membrane system. This is done through an impedance based modeling approach where the subsystems are modeled individually, and then coupled at the interface. The control of the membrane is implemented using a positive position feedback approach. The theory is also extended to positive velocity and positive acceleration feedback. Three experiments are carried out to validate the models previously mentioned. Successful implementation of a control experiment is also accomplished leading to considerable attenuations in the coupled membrane's dynamics. / Ph. D.

<p dir="ltr">Acoustic holography is a powerful tool in the visualization of sound fields and sound sources. It provides engineers and researchers clear insights into sound fields as well as their sound sources. Some widely-used methods include Nearfield Acoustical Holography (NAH), Statistically Optimized Nearfield Acoustic Holography (SONAH) and the Equivalent Source Method (ESM). SONAH and ESM were developed specifically to tackle the intrinsic deficiency of the Fourier-based NAH which requires that the sound field fall to negligible levels at the edges of the measurement aperture, a requirement rarely met in practice. Besides the aforementioned methods, the Inverse Boundary Element Method (IBEM) can be used, given sufficient measurements and computational resources. As useful as they are in visualizing the sound field, none of these methods can provide direct guidance on potential design modifications of the observed structure in order to unequivocally reduce sound power radiation. Acoustic radiation mode analysis has previously been primarily associated with active noise control applications. Since the radiation modes radiate sound power independently, it is only necessary to modify the surface vibration patterns so that they do not couple well with the radiation modes in order to guarantee a reduction of the radiated sound power. Since the radiation modes are orthogonal and complete, they can be used as the basis functions through which the source surface vibration can be described. Therefore, an acoustic holography method based on the acoustic radiation modes will enable the sound power ranking of the modal components of the surface vibration pattern, and in turn, point out the component(s) which should be targeted in order to reduce the overall sound power. However, use of the acoustic radiation modes in the inverse procedure comes with a price: the detailed geometry of the object to be measured must be obtained, thus enabling the calculation of acoustic radiation modes and the modal pressures. But this is not an issue for original equipment manufacturers given that almost all prototypes are now designed with CAD, as is the case with the engine example to be described next.</p><p dir="ltr">In modern engine design, downsizing and reducing weight while still providing an increased amount of power has been a general trend in recent decades. Traditionally, an engine design with superior NVH performance usually comes with a heavier, thus sturdier structure. Therefore, modern engine design requires that NVH be considered in the very early design stage to avoid modifications of engine structures at the last minute, when very few changes can be made. NVH design optimization of engine components has become more practical due to the development of computer software and hardware. However, there is still a need for smarter algorithms to draw a direct relationship between the design and the radiated sound power. At the moment, techniques based on modal acoustic transfer vectors (MATVs) have gained popularity in design optimization for their good performance in sound pressure prediction. Since MATVs are derived based on structural modes, they are not independent with respect to radiated sound power. In contrast, as noted, acoustic radiation modes are an orthogonal set of velocity distributions on the structure’s surface that contribute to the radiated sound power independently. As a result, it is beneficial to describe structural vibration in terms of acoustic radiation modes in order to identify the velocity distributions that contribute the majority of the radiated sound power. Measures can then be taken to modify the identified vibration patterns to reduce their magnitudes, which will in turn result in an unequivocal reduction of the radiated sound power. A workflow of the structural optimization procedure is proposed in this dissertation.</p><p dir="ltr">While acoustic radiation modes have great efficiencies in describing radiated acoustic power, the computation of acoustic radiation modes can be time consuming. In the last chapter of this thesis, a novel way of calculating acoustic radiation modes is proposed, which differs from the traditional singular value decomposition of the power radiation resistance matrix, and which is more efficient than previously proposed procedures. </p><p><br></p>

L’étude des structures raidies est un sujet de recherche récurrent. En effet, celles-ci sont présentes dans de nombreuses applications industrielles. Leur utilisation offre de nombreux avantages notamment du point de vue de l’allègement, critère qui est particulièrement important dans l’industrie automobile par exemple. Dans un tout autre domaine, la table d’harmonie de piano constitue un exemple typique de ces structures raidies et les problèmes relevés par les professionnels du domaine sont nombreux. Aujourd’hui, les ressources numériques permettent de prendre en compte de nombreux phénomènes dans les modèles développés avec pour conséquence, une difficulté d’interprétation entre les données d’entrée et de sortie. En considérant moins de paramètres à la fois, les modèles simplifiés présentent alors l’avantage de pouvoir en séparer la participation dans le rendu global. En prenant comme point de départ une plaque simplement supportée rectangulaire orthotrope dite « spéciale » dans laquelle la table est inscrite, la forme de la table d’harmonie est recréée par ajout d’une densité de ressorts ponctuels dans le domaine complémentaire. Par couplage avec des superstructures collées sur chaque face, il est possible de déterminer le comportement vibratoire de l’instrument ainsi que le rayonnement acoustique à partir des impédances de rayonnement d’une plaque simplement supportée bafflée. Ce modèle analytique est par la suite couplé à une corde et résolu dans le domaine temporel et présente alors l’avantage de pouvoir évaluer perceptivement l’impact de modifications structurelles. L’originalité d’un tel calcul tient dans le fait que des forces d’interactions assurent la continuité entre les soussystèmes et deviennent des inconnues du problème, comme dans les problèmes de contacts ou de frottements. Enfin, la prise en compte des petites non-linéarités géométriques de la corde sera faite en les considérant comme des seconds membres des équations du mouvement, ce qui permet de conserver la notion de modeslinéaires / Ribbed structures are a current subject of study and they are often used in many industrial domain. Indeed, there use offers some advantages as for example in automotive domain to reduce the weight of vehicule that is an important actual constrain. In the musical domain ribbed structures are also often used and musical instruments mixed structural, perceptive and subjective considerations. In that domain, one of the main difficulties is to translate the language between the science and the music and to make equivalence between phenomena describe by the musicians and scientific indicators. The piano soundboard is a typical example of these ribbed structures and difficulties reported by piano makers are many. Nowadays, numerical computing resources allow to take into account some phenomena in modeling but as a consequence, it appears a “black box effect” between input and output data. Taking into account less parameters, reduced models offer the advantage to separate the influence of each parameter in the final result. Taking into account as starting point a simply supported rectangular plate with special orthotropy, the edges of the soundboard are described by an addition of punctual springs in the fictive domain. Coupling to it some stiffeners on the both faces, it is possible to calculate the vibratory behavior of the instrument such as the acoustic radiation through the acoustical radiation impedances of the baffled simply supported plate. This simplified analytical modeling is representative of phenomena found in the literature and is also well adapted to parametrical studies. So, it highlights the space localizations of vibration, due to the conception of the instrument, and allows studying the influence of structural parameters on the mobility along the bridge, the acoustical radiated power for example. In order to qualify, with a reduced computing cost, the influence of structural parameters on the perceived sound, this analytical model for ribbed structure is coupled to a string and solved in time domain.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T18:12:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tatiana Fernandes Cili.pdf: 1959713 bytes, checksum: 95c16fc57e6e2cf785b81f8534de86bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-14 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Clinical audiology literature and practice raise questions about bone conduction assessment results. The most common questions are related to the reliability of bone conduction thresholds as they suffer a lot of artifacts that may mislead the results obtained. Silman & Silverman (1997) describe two important factors that could interfere in such measurement: acoustic radiation (escaping acoustic energy that can be heard by air conduction, mainly in the high frequencies) and bone vibrator positioning in the mastoid. In order to obtain bone conduction thresholds in 2 kHz, or at higher frequencies, researchers suggest the insertion of earplugs in either the tested ear or in both ears to prevent acoustic radiation. In order to increase reliability on bone conduction evaluation researchers suggest that the patient must position the bone vibrator at the point on mastoid that he has the biggest sensation of sound stimuli. Objectives: 1. to investigate the bone vibrator s positioning influence in bone conduction thresholds evaluation for 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in normal hearing subjects. 2. to investigate the influence of insert earplugs on bone conduction thresholds measurement for 2000, 3000 and 4000 Hz in normal hearing subjects. Specific Objectives: 1- to determine the bone conduction sensitivity due to the influence of the bone vibrator s positioning in the mastoid to obtain bone conduction thresholds at 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in normal hearing subjects. 2 - to determine bone conduction threshold with and without insert earplug in order to investigate the presence of the acoustic radiation phenomenon during the bone conduction assessment at 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in normal hearing subjects. Methods: Thirty six ears from 18 subjects were examined. Both ears were tested for air and bone conduction in a sound booth. The RADIOEAR B71 bone vibrator was used to assess bone conduction at 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz. Two audiometers were used: Interacoustics AC40 and Betamedical Beta 6000. To evaluate the effect of the bone vibrator positioning, bone conduction thresholds were obtained using narrow band noise, at the opposite ear, at 30 dB HL in 1 dB steps (Ritcher; Brinkman; 1981); and to assess the effects of the acoustic radiation the examiner positioned the bone vibrator and inserted a foam earplug in the tested ear (Robinson; Shipton; 1982). Results: Bone vibrator s positioning influence was present in bone conduction thresholds evaluation at 500, 1000 e 3000 Hz, in more than 20% of the cases. This study proved that, when assessing bone conduction, the acoustic radiation phenomenon was present at 2k, 3k, and 4 kHz in 70% of the cases, mainly at 3 kHz. Conclusion: The acoustic radiation phenomenon was present mainly at 3 kHz, besides being present at 2k and 4 kHz. This could lead to an inaccurate interpretation of test results, which depend on reliable air and bone conduction values / A literatura e a prática na área da audiologia clínica, nos fazem questionar até que ponto o resultado da avaliação da via óssea de um sujeito é verdadeira ou é produto da interferência de atos ou fatos que ocorrem durante a audiometria. Silman e Silverman (1997) pontuam dois importantes fatores que podem interferir nessa medida: a radiação acústica (fuga de energia sonora do vibrador ósseo que poderia ser ouvida pela via aérea, principalmente em freqüências altas) e o posicionamento do vibrador ósseo na mastóide. Para obtenção dos limiares por via óssea em 2 kHz ou em freqüências mais altas, autores sugerem a inserção de plugs na orelha sob teste ou nas duas orelhas, para prevenir a radiação acústica. Para evitar o efeito do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo, os autores sugerem que o paciente posicione o vibrador ósseo no local onde sente o estímulo acústico mais intenso. Objetivos: 1. investigar a influência do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo na mastóide na obtenção do limiar tonal por via óssea para as freqüências de 500, 1k, 2k, 3k e 4k Hz, em sujeitos sem queixa auditiva; 2. investigar a influência do plug auricular na medida dos limiares ósseos de 2000, 3000 e 4000 Hz. Objetivos específicos: 1 - determinar os valores de sensibilidade da via óssea devido à influência do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo na mastóide para a obtenção do limiar tonal por via óssea para as freqüências de 500, 1k, 2k, 3k e 4k Hz, em sujeitos sem queixa auditiva. 2 - determinar os valores de sensibilidade da via óssea com e sem e com plug auditivo, para as freqüências de 2k, 3k e 4k Hz, em sujeitos sem queixa auditiva, para determinar a existência do fenômeno da radiação acústica na obtenção do limiar tonal por via óssea. Método: Foram examinadas 36 orelhas de 18 indivíduos; audiometria tonal por via aérea e óssea em ambas as orelhas, em cabine acústica. O modelo do vibrador ósseo foi RADIOEAR B71 para avaliar as freqüências 500, 1k, 2k, 3k, 4k Hz (via óssea). Audiômetro da Marca Interacoustics, modelo AC40 e da Marca Betamedical, modelo Beta 6000. Para avaliar o efeito do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo foi realizada a pesquisa do limiar de sensibilidade auditiva da via óssea, em degraus de 1 dB, com ruído de banda estreita de 30 dBNA, na orelha oposta (Richter; Brinkmann; 1981); para avaliar o efeito da radiação acústica foi realizada a medida da via óssea, com o vibrador ósseo posicionado pelo examinador e inserção de um plug automoldável na orelha examinada, (Robinson; Shipton; 1982). Resultados: Em 500, 1 e 3 kHz mais de 20% das pessoas tiveram seus limiares por via óssea alterados em mais de 6 dB, devido ao efeito do posicionamento do vibrador ósseo. Este estudo comprovou o fenômeno da radiação acústica nas freqüências de 2, 3 e 4 kHz quando a via óssea foi avaliada, principalmente em 3 kHz, em 70% dos casos. Conclusão: O fenômeno da radiação acústica estava presente principalmente em 3 kHz, além de estar presente em 2 e 4 kHz. O que pode levar a interpretação errônea dos resultados audiométricos que dependem da exatidão dos valores aéreos e ósseos

Chronic liver diseases are the eighth leading cause of death in Brazil and a major public health problem in the world. Liver biopsy is the best available reference standard for evaluating and classifying stages of liver diseases, but it presents limitations and complications that are common in invasive methods. In recent years, elasticity imaging methods have been the focus of intense research activity with the ability to measure mechanical properties of soft tissues in a non-invasive way. Shear wave elastography is one of the most promising methods because it enables to quantitatively assess tissue elasticity. However, the current depth range of shear wave elastography impedes its application in obese patients, which have a great risk of developing liver disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of shear wave elastography in deeper tissues using a two-dimensional ultrasound transducer array. An efficient transducer array arrangement was simulated, fabricated and characterized. The results show that the proposed transducer configuration presents enhanced transmitting capabilities for generating tissue displacement in deeper tissues. In addition, numerical simulations were performed in order to track the tissue deformation and reconstruct its elastic properties. / Doenças crônicas do fígado são a oitava causa de morte no Brasil e um dos principais problemas de saúde pública do mundo. A biópsia do fígado é o melhor padrão de referência disponível para avaliação e classificação dos estágios das doenças hepáticas, mas apresenta limitações e complicações que são comuns nos métodos invasivos. Nos últimos anos, métodos de imagem por elasticidade têm sido o foco de intensa atividade de pesquisa, pois têm a capacidade de medir propriedades mecânicas dos tecidos moles de maneira não invasiva. A elastografia por ondas de cisalhamento é um dos métodos mais promissores, pois permite avaliar quantitativamente a elasticidade do tecido. No entanto, a atual faixa de profundidade da elastografia por ondas de cisalhamento impede sua aplicação em pacientes obesos, que apresentam grande risco de desenvolver doença hepática. O objetivo deste estudo é investigar o uso da elastografia por onda de cisalhamento em tecidos mais profundos usando um transdutor de ultrassom bidimensional. Uma configuração eficiente de transdutores matriciais foi simulada, fabricada e caracterizada. Os resultados mostram que o transdutor proposto possui capacidade de transmissão melhorada para gerar deslocamento em tecidos profundos. Além disso, simulações numéricas foram realizadas para monitorar a deformação do tecido e reconstruir suas propriedades elásticas.

Dans ce travail, une méthode basée sur les éléments finis ondulatoires - Wave Finite Elements (WFE) - est proposée en vue de prédire le rayonnement acoustique de conduites axisyrnétriques de longueur finie, comportant un fluide interne, et immergées dans un fluide acoustique de dimensions infinies. La condition de rayonnement de Sommerfeld est prise en compte en entourant le fluide extérieur d'un perfectly matched layer (PML), c'est-à-dire une couche d'éléments absorbants dans laquelle les ondes acoustiques incidentes sont progressivement amorties. Dans le cadre de l'approche WFE, la conduite, le fluide qu'elle contient, le fluide extérieur et le PML constituent un guide d'ondes multiphysique qui est discrétisé par un maillage éléments finis périodique, et peut être ainsi modélisé comme un assemblage de sous-systèmes identiques de faible longueur. Une base d'ondes se propageant le long de la conduite, calculée à partir du modèle éléments finis d'un sous-système, est utilisée afin de prédire le comportement vibroacoustique de guides d'ondes de longueur finie à moindre coût. Des simulations numériques sont réalisées pour des cas de conduites de structure homogène ou multi-couches. La précision et l'efficacité de la méthode WFE sont clairement établies en comparaison avec la méthode des éléments finis conventionnelle. / In this work, a wave finite element (WFE) method is proposed to predict the sound radiation of finite axisymmetric fluid-filled pipes immersed in an external acoustic fluid of infinite extent, The Sommerfeld radiation condition is taken into account by means of a perfectly matched layer (PML) around the external fluid. Within the WFE framework, the fluid-filled pipe, the surrounding fluid and the PML constitute a multiphysics waveguide that is discretized by means of a periodic finite element mesh, and is treated as an assembly of identical subsystems of small length. Wave modes are computed from the FE model of a multi-physics subsystem and used as a representation basis to assess the vibroacoustic behavior of the finite waveguide at a low computational cost. Numerical experiments are carried out in the cases of axisymmetric pipes of either homogeneous or multi-layered crosssections, The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed approach are dearly highlighted in comparison with the conventional FE method.