[pt] Pollock e o Jazz, artes de ação sob uma ótica fenomenológica propõe um diálogo entre pintura e música, mais especificamente entre a action painting de Jackson Pollock e o jazz, nesta pesquisa percebido como action music. A dissertação apresenta a possibilidade de pensar o jazz dessa maneira e compreendêlo como parte da expressão cunhada por Harold Rosenberg, ao identificar na produção do Expressionismo Abstrato uma nova forma de pintar resumida no próprio ato. A obra de Jackson Pollock é contextualizada historicamente no pósguerra, que trouxe à modernidade uma dúvida quanto à ideia de progresso linear candente, em relação às questões existenciais disseminadas pelos artistas da primeira geração dessa nova pintura norte-americana. Paralelamente, reflete a questão no jazz, única expressão musical efetivamente norte-americana. Ambas as expressões artísticas são responsáveis por posicionar os EUA, até então um país sem tradição cultural, mas que se tornou uma grande potência econômica, no mapa cultural mundial. Utilizando uma leitura fenomenológica realizada a partir das investigações de Edmund Husserl e Maurice Merleau-Ponty, a dissertação reflete como a obra de Pollock – a partir da utilização das técnicas do dripping e do all over, que se tornariam sua marca registrada – e o jazz – a partir do improviso contido na estrutura musical – podem ser considerados artes de ação, produzidas no caminho do ato de percepção para o ato de expressão; e questiona o quanto englobam intencionalidade e contingência em sua criação. Fontes de espontaneidade e originalidade, ambas as artes proporcionam um novo enfrentamento da obra pelo espectador, em que se torna relevante a própria experiência gerada pelo ato de expressão. A obra se torna a experiência, a experiência, a obra. / [en] Pollock and Jazz, action arts from a phenomenological perspective proposes a dialogue between painting and music, more specifically between Jackson Pollock s action painting and jazz, in this research perceived as action music. This dissertation presents the possibility of thinking jazz in such way understanding it as part of the expression created by Harold Rosenberg when identifying in the artworks of Abstract Expressionism a new way of painting summarized in the act itself. Jackson Pollock s work is historically contextualized in the post-war period, which brought to modernity a doubt about the idea of progress, in relation to the existential questions disseminated by the artists of the first generation of this new North American painting. At the same time, it reflects the issue in jazz, the only musical expression that is actually North American. Both artistic expressions are responsible for placing the USA, until then a country without any cultural tradition, but that has become a great economic power, on the international cultural map. Using a phenomenological perspective from the investigations of Edmund Husserl and Maurice Merleau-Ponty, the dissertation reflects how Pollock s work - from the use of dripping and all over, which would become his trademark - and jazz - from the improvisation contained in the musical structure - can be considered action arts, produced in the path from the act of perception to the act of expression, an how much they are intentional arts and what they have of contingency. Sources of spontaneity and originality, both arts provide a new confrontation of the spectator to the work, in which what remains is the very experience generated by the act of expression. The work becomes the experience, the experience, the work.

An artists's approach to studio practice reflects knowledge acquired from a variety of source. Various methods are tried, modified, and re-interpreted, culmination in a studio practice that reflects one's own understanding of process and work ethic. This process is the work and the work practice concealed in the artwork, is rarely framed in verbal language. Martin Heidegger offers a particular philosophy of work practice that is clarified in words, allowing me to place my present understanding of studio practice within the notion of Greek techne. This essay is an explication of two works by the German philosopher Martin Heidegger, namely 'The Question Concerning Technology' and 'The origin of the Work of Art.' Heidegger's notion of authentic production and truth in art, provide a contextual framework within which I place my own understanding of studio practice and creative process. This method of work practice positions the artist as facilitator, co-dependent and co-responsible with the materials and form. The artist responds to the needs of the work allowing the materials and form to interact and ultimately reveal the work's true identity. Inherent in this work practice is the artist's knowledge, technical skill and commitment to process rather than outcome. This method of work practice is used in many cultures, from eastern calligraphy to western action painting, and has influenced contemporary artists too numerous to name individually. I am indebted to them all / Master of Arts (Hons) Visual Arts

Within my thesis I propose to establish the existence of what I call 21st century expressionism. This genre of art is an extension of the movement that began in 20th century post-war America. 21st century expressionists create works that are intended to promote emotional responses within the viewer. “The term ``expressionism'' can be used to describe various art forms but, in its broadest sense, it is used to describe any art that raises subjective feelings above objective observations. Its aim is to reflect the artists’ state of mind rather than the reality of the external world”. Lee Krasner and Tony Smith, represent prime examples of 20th century expressionists and, Etsuko Ishikawa and Beth Cavener Stichter represent artists of 21st century expressionism.

Inger Ekdahl was a female painter at the center of Swedish Abstract Expressionism in the fifties. This essay investigates how her art was received in Stockholm and Paris. We conclude that although her type of art dominated the avant-garde in Paris during the late fifties, she was too early for the Swedish avant-garde and did not amass enough support to transform it. The analysis used Actor-Network Theory following Latour.

Studiens syfte är att synliggöra hur kollektiva arbetssätt kan förändra bildundervisningen på ett lekfullt sätt för att öka elevernas engagemang och lust i bildundervisningen, individuellt men också kollektivt. Jag har studerat hur eleverna upplever det kollektiva arbetssättet genom Action painting som en metod till undersökningen. Studien besvarar två frågeställningar: 1. Hur upplever eleverna det kollektiva arbetssättet? 2. Vilka pedagogiska fördelar eller nackdelar synliggörs i studien? Studien genomförs genom en kortare fältstudie.  Data samlas in genom metodtriangulering som utgör underlag för analysen, nämligen, filmandet av aktiviteten, en semistrukturerad gruppintervju med öppna frågor och ”energibatterier”, där elever har valt en batterinivå innan och en batterinivå efter aktiviteten. Empirin samlas in vid ett lektionstillfälle i skolan och därefter bearbetas den inför analysen. Data analyseras utifrån Lev Vygotskjis sociokulturella teori om barns lärandeprocesser.  Via analysen har jag fått syn på hur ett kollektivt arbetssätt kan ha positiva konsekvenser för eleverna. Studien har analyserats genom Vygotskjis teori om fantasi och den proximala utvecklingszonen Studien visar att det kollektiva arbetssättet, genom Action painting som metod, påverkar eleverna positivt. Analysen visar att eleverna höjer sin energinivå, upplever aktiviteten som lustfylld och motiverande. Utifrån ett pedagogiskt perspektiv har studien visat att det är viktigt hur pedagogen organiserar den yttre miljön för att eleverna ska kunna utveckla samt organisera sin inre värld.

The Birth is a multi-media video installation inspired by my personal experiences of a miscarriage and the births of my two children. The work is influenced by the mythologies found in Korean culture that focus on the mother figure as a ¡°Great Mother¡±. She is an ¡°ideal woman¡±, a ¡°good mother¡± and a ¡°sincere wife¡±. Working abstractly across the media of painting, video, digital animation, and the paintings of my son, The Birth exploits metaphors and symbols, to tell the story of women, especially the stories of mothers. The work speaks to motherly love and my own identity as an artist and a mother.

Le monde d’où émerge la peinture informelle est celui d’un temps où, après les horreurs de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, les artistes prennent conscience que l’art ne peut plus se faire de la même manière. En Espagne, ce monde est celui qui n’est pas encore guéri des séquelles de la Guerre Civile et qui a détruit toute forme de culture moderne. Si les artistes préfèrent prendre le parti de donner à voir les matériaux utilisés plutôt que des images identifiables, la peinture informelle ne repose pas pour autant sur un vide de la représentation. En donnant à voir alors la perception en train d’opérer, l’expérience qu’il fait du monde, le peintre tente de changer la façon de le voir. La première étape de ce travail a pour objet d’étudier le cas de l’Espagne comme phénomène singulier, les artistes s’insérant dans les grands courants de pensée européens, alors que l’Espagne sort tout juste de son isolement. Dans une perspective plus esthétique, la seconde étape analyse le processus de création en montrant que la question est de créer des images en l’absence d’images. Les options qui s’offrent à l’artiste passeront par la matière et par le geste ; aussi s’agit-il d’analyser comment les peintres s’attachent à mettre en valeur les matériaux et comment le geste sera déterminant pour établir ensuite une relation spécifique de l’homme à la matière. Dans une troisième étape, la réflexion s’efforce de caractériser la création comme un faire et une recherche à la fois. L’acte de peindre sera alors à envisager comme un effort qui vise à laisser être les choses telles qu’elles sont, en même temps qu’il permet au peintre d’ouvrir le monde qui est le sien / The world from which informal painting arises corresponds to a time, after the horrors of the Second World War, when artists became aware that art could not be performed the same way as before. In Spain it reflects the world that has not yet been healed of the sequels of the Civil War as well as the world that has wiped out any form of modern culture. If the artists would rather have the material they use be seen than be plainly identified images, informal painting, nevertheless, does not rest on the absence of representation. That is why getting us to see his perception in the making and the experience he derives from the world, the painter is trying to change the way it is seen. The first stage of this work aims at studying the example of Spain as a unique phenomenon, its artists were involved in the great European movement of thought while Spain had just broken out of its isolation. From a closer aesthetic angle, the second stage analyses the creative process and shows that what matters is to create images out of their absence. The options available to the artist will encompass matter and action; what is at stake, thus, is the analysis of the attempt by painters to emphasize the importance of material, to show how action will be a determining factor to establish, after, a specific relation from man to matter. In a third stage, reflection tries to characterize creation as both the act of making and a quest. The act of painting will therefore have to be considered as an effort meant to leave things be as they are, while, at the same time, it will enable the artist to open up the world that is his universe

The Diploma thesis Organic composition in 20th century abstract Art, Music and Literature aims to explain the gradual process of liberalization of expressive means in Arts, Music and Literature during the 20th century. It describes the picture's emancipation from the dependence on objective reality, particularly V. Kandinsky's way towards abstract expressionism. In Music it traces A. Schonberg's development of the free atonality, and the stream of consciousness technique of J. Joyce in literature. The thesis' second part will be dealing with various manifestations of the organic composition after WWII- action and informal painting in the USA and Europe with its qualitative change. A musical and literal paralel to the principal of organic order will also be briefly introduced on the example of E. Brown's and J. Cage's aleatoric music and the spontaneous writing of J. Kerouac. Selected artistic personalities will be put into socio-cultural context of their time. As a result there comes a complex picture of the organic composition development process, suitable to be used as a source of information for teachers. The didactical part of the thesis will be focused on the possibility of using the given topic in the educational environment.