In the 21st Century, violent non-state actors continue to pose an asymmetric threat to state actors. Given the increasing proliferation of lethal technologies, growing global social connectivity, and continued occurrences of failed or failing states, the quantity of violent non-state actors posing threats in global hotspots is likely to increase. The United States, already facing strategic overreach due to conflicts in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, will face enormous difficulties in engaging militarily against a multitude of violent non-state actors. Smart power, a selective employment of hard and soft power applications, presents an opportunity to limit and deter violent non-state actors in a resource-constrained environment. Smart power, previously viewed through a largely state-on-state lens must be looked at through the paradigm of containing and engaging violent non-state actors. / Master of Arts / Modern nation-states must contend with an asymmetric threat from violent nonstate actors. In this thesis, an asymmetric threat is viewed as a threat in which the conventionally weaker opponent gains an undue advantage given their commensurate strength. Violent non-state actors are defined in this thesis as non-state armed groups that resort to organized violence as a tool to achieve their goals. Given the increasing proliferation of lethal technologies, growing global social connectivity, and continued occurrences of failed or failing states, the quantity of violent non-state actors posing threats in global hotspots is likely to increase. The United States, already facing strategic overreach due to conflicts in Southeast Asia, the Middle East, and Africa, will face enormous difficulties in engaging militarily against a multitude of violent non-state actors. Smart power, the employment of a variety of power applications [i.e. air strikes, coalition building, diplomacy, foreign aid, etc.], presents an opportunity to limit and deter violent non-state actors in a resource-constrained environment. Smart power, previously viewed through a largely state-on-state lens must be looked at through the paradigm of containing and engaging violent non-state actors.

京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(法学) / 甲第25058号 / 法博第304号 / 新制||法||181(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院法学研究科法政理論専攻 / (主査)教授 濵本 正太郎, 教授 酒井 啓亘, 教授 玉田 大 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Agricultural Science / Kyoto University / DGAM

La thèse est consacrée aux politiques énergétiques mises en place par les autorités locales, plus particulièrement au niveau régional. La remise en question des systèmes énergétiques basés sur les énergies fossiles donne aux échelons locaux un rôle de plus en plus important dans ce domaine. En effet, la complexité des systèmes énergétiques impose d'agir au plus près des consommateurs pour maintenir l'équité d'accès et pour adapter la distribution aux besoins et usages. En parallèle, les contraintes environnementales et la recherche d'une exploitation plus raisonnée des ressources disponibles nécessitent une connaissance fine des territoires et de leurs potentialités énergétiques. Dans ce contexte, les autorités locales ont encore du mal à identifier l'ensemble des éléments qui composent les systèmes énergétiques territoriaux et à cerner les contours de ces derniers. L'enjeu essentiel de notre recherche est alors de déterminer leur structure et leur fonctionnement afin de mettre en évidence des leviers institutionnels pouvant être actionnés au niveau local dans le cadre de politiques énergétiques.La première partie de la thèse s'intéresse aux liens existant entre fonctionnement du territoire et problématique énergétique. Nous montrons l'intérêt spécifique de la géographie et de l'approche territoriale pour éclairer cette relation dans la double perspective de l'aménagement du territoire et de la mobilisation des acteurs. La deuxième partie est consacrée à l'identification des instruments mobilisables et actions réalisables par les autorités locales pour maîtriser les consommations et développer les énergies renouvelables. À partir de ces constats, la troisième partie traite plus spécifiquement de l'échelon régional. L'étude des Schémas régionaux du climat, de l'air et de l'énergie (SRCAE) et des Observatoires régionaux de l'énergie montre l'intérêt de ce niveau d'échelle qui peut, par sa position d'interface entre local et global, contribuer efficacement à l'amélioration de la connaissance des territoires. Celle-ci est indispensable à la mise en place d'actions coordonnées entre les acteurs et à l'élaboration de politiques réellement adaptées aux spécificités locales. / The thesis is about French local authorities' energy policies, and more particularly about regional policies. In a context of reassessment of fossil fuel-based energy systems, local authorities have a key role to play. Indeed, energy systems are complex and require to act locally, in order to keep fair access for consumers and to adapt supply to needs and uses. In the same way, environmental constraints and sustainable exploitation of local resources involve to have a good knowledge of territory and of local energy potential. But, local authorities do not know much about boundaries and about components of territorial energy systems. The main purpose of the thesis is to determine structure and behaviour of these energy systems in order to identify public policy incentive levers at local scale.The first part of the thesis deals with the links between land uses, actors' behaviours, political choices and energy consumptions. Here, we point out the specific interest of geography and territorial approach to treat energy issue, both for land planning and for actors' mobilization. In the second part, we identify policy instruments which local authorities should dispose and actions they should implement in order to develop energy saving and renewables. Then, the third part is more specific to regional level. The analysis of two French planning instruments (Regional Plans for Climate, Air and Energy and Regional Energy Observatories), shows the interest of this scale which could, with its position between national and local levels, contribute to improve knowledge of territories, to coordinate local actions and to develop energy policies adapted to local specificities.

by Ku Ho Kwan Lisbeth. / Thesis submitted in: September 1997. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1998. / Filmography: leaves 117-119. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-116). / List of illustrations --- p.vii / Chapter I. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1. 1 --- Articulating Hong Kong History / Identity --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Identity through Mass-Cultural Mediation --- p.10 / Chapter 1. 3 --- Using Popular Culture --- p.18 / Chapter II. --- The Locality of Culture: A Contextual Analysis of Cantonese Cinema in Hong Kong --- p.32 / Chapter 2.1 --- The Emergence of Local Consciousness through Three Decades of Cantonese Cinema (From the 30s to the 50s) --- p.32 / Chapter 2. 2 --- Youth Film and Its Historically Specific Audience --- p.38 / Chapter 2. 3 --- Reading Youth Film -- A Purple Stormy Night (紫色風雨夜) --- p.55 / Chapter III. --- Mass Mediated Images of Women --- p.64 / Chapter 3. 1 --- Connie Chan Po Chu and Josephine Siao Fong Fong as Desired Cultural Images --- p.66 / Chapter 3. 2 --- Identification and Commodification --- p.81 / Chapter IV. --- Conclusion --- p.92 / Chapter 4.1 --- The Ordinary and the Extraordinary-- Siao Fong Fong and the Self-Image of Hong Kong People in the 90s --- p.92 / Chapter 4.2 --- Mediating Cultural Identity with Cultural History of Hong Kong --- p.102 / Bibliography --- p.109 / 中文電影目錄 --- p.117 / Appendix --- p.120

Voué à la résolution rapide et modulable de problèmes urbains, l'urbanisme tactique permet d'intervenir de manière incrémentale et temporaire sur des espaces publics. Face à ses évolutions récentes et à l'intérêt marqué de différents types d'acteurs à son sujet, il apparaît pertinent d'appréhender l'urbanisme tactique du point de vue de ses acteurs principaux, les participants actifs et les instigateurs de projets assimilables à cette pratique. En optant pour l'étude de cas et en se basant sur des expériences d'urbanisme tactique dans le contexte montréalais, c'est cette approche que ce mémoire a adoptée. Les cas retenus pour ce mémoire sont ceux de Viaduc 375 et du Champ des Possibles, qui représentent des approches distinctes de cette pratique, permettant ainsi d'en obtenir une vision large et plurielle. Grâce à une série de dix entretiens semi-dirigés amenés auprès des membres des deux projets et à l'usage d'une littérature scientifique abordant l'urbanisme tactique sous différents angles, cette recherche a permis de faire émerger plusieurs constats sur l'état actuel de cette pratique, en particulier sur le positionnement de ses principaux acteurs. Les conclusions de ce mémoire laissent entrevoir que plusieurs écarts importants sont perceptibles entre les visions défendues par la recherche et par les acteurs de l'urbanisme tactique. Enfin, des mécanismes de récupération de l'urbanisme tactique par des acteurs originellement extérieurs à cette pratique rendent de plus en plus complexe sa définition et une forme de désunion du concept se confirme. / Tactical urbanism is dedicated to the quick and flexible resolve of urban issues and allows to operate progressively and temporally on public spaces. Considering its recent developments and the notable interest from different types of actors, it seems relevant to apprehend tactical urbanism from the point of view of its main actors, active participants and instigators of projects related to this practice. This master's thesis proposes to adopt an approach based on tactical urbanism experiences in the Montreal context through a case study. The cases selected for this master's thesis are Viaduc 375 and le Champ des Possibles, which represent distinct approaches to this practice, thus making it possible to obtain a broad and pluralistic scope. This research made evident several observations of the current state of this practice, particularly on the positioning of its main actors, through a series of ten semi-structured interviews conducted with members of both projects and the use of scientific literature discussing tactical urbanism from different perspectives. The conclusions made within this master's thesis suggest that there are some important discrepancies between the visions upheld by researchers and actors of tactical urbanism. Finally, the definition of this concept is made increasingly difficult by the distorted recuperation mechanisms used by originally external actors, confirming a disunity of the concept.

The last decade has seen the transition from single-core processors to multi-cores and many-cores. This move has by and large shifted the responsibility from chip manufacturers to programmers to keep up with ever-increasing expectations on performance. In the single-core era, improvements in hardware capacity could immediately be leveraged by an application: faster machine - faster program. In the age of the multi-cores, this is no longer the case. Programs must be written in specific ways to utilize available parallel hardware resources. Programming language support for concurrent and parallel programming is poor in most popular object-oriented programming languages. Shared memory, threads and locks is the most common concurrency model provided. Threads and locks are hard to understand, error-prone and inflexible; they break encapsulation - the very foundation of the object-oriented approach. This makes it hard to break large complex problems into smaller pieces which can be solved independently and composed to make a whole. Ubiquitous parallelism and object-orientation, seemingly, do not match. Actors, or active objects, have been proposed as a concurrency model better fit for object-oriented programming than threads and locks. Asynchronous message passing between actors each with a logical thread of control preserves encapsulation as objects themselves decide when messages are executed. Unfortunately most implementations of active objects do not prevent sharing of mutable objects across actors. Sharing, whether on purpose or by accident, exposes objects to multiple threads of control, destroying object encapsulation. In this thesis we show techniques for compiler-enforced isolation of active objects, while allowing sharing and zero-copy communication of mutable data in the cases where it is safe to do so. We also show how the same techniques that enforce isolation can be utilized internal to an active object to allow data race-free parallel message processing and data race-free structured parallel computations. This overcomes the coarse-grained nature of active object parallelism without compromising safety. / UPMARC

There is consensus about a need to reduce the amount of green-house gas emission in the electricity industry to be able to deal with the probable consequences of climate change. This necessitates extensive investments in technologies used to generate electricity from renewable energy sources (RES-E). To stimulate such investments, governments have enacted several policy instruments. However, the outcomes of these instruments are mixed. This thesis delineates two reasons for the different effects of policies. First, the development of the renewable electricity industry hinges on a set of driving forces that differ across regions, through the years and for different actors. Given that, policy instruments are not only driving forces behind the renewable electricity industry and can thus by themselves not explain its development. Second, RES-E investors comprise a heterogeneous group of actors whose perceptions of business opportunities vary substantially and are also based on a variety of driving forces. Hence, RES-E investors may react differently to changes within the electricity industry, as well as to government policies that aim to create a more sustainable electricity industry. Garnering a better understanding of these reactions is therefore important as they influence the pace of transition to a more sustainable electricity industry. This is an interdisciplinary study that brings together several theories and research areas. First, using the technological innovation system perspective, it identifies systemic driving forces behind the development of the renewable energy industry that will also accelerate the electricity industry transitions to sustainability. To gain a better insight into the role of policy instruments as such as well as in relation to other driving forces, this thesis explores what factors are accounted for in attempts to assess the instruments’ performance. Second, drawing on sustainability transition studies and dynamic capability theories, this thesis seeks to explore which firms are willing to contribute—and capable of contributing—to sustainability transitions in the electricity industry. The thesis argues that good forecast and policy plans need to be built on a solid understanding of the firms that change the structure of the electricity industry through their RES-E investments. This thesis leverages a mix of qualitative and quantitative methods. Empirical data are collected through two extensive literature reviews on the driving forces of the renewable energy industry development in Europe, a longitudinal case study on a European multinational energy company, and statistical analyses of data on RES-E investors in Sweden. The thesis makes theoretical, methodological, and empirical contributions to this area of research. The findings explain what motivates the development of the renewable energy industry; who competes in the renewable electricity industry; and what the future renewable electricity industry may look like. The thesis outlines implications for policies, for managers as well as for renewable energy technologies. / <p>This research was conducted within the framework of the “European Doctorate in Industrial Management” - EDIM - which is funded by The Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) of European Commission under Erasmus Mundus Action 1 programme. </p><p>QC 20160119</p>

Approved for public release; distribution in unlimited. / The level of violence has not only increased constantly over the last decades, but has also shifted in nature from conventional to unconventional. Given these circumstances, Romania's national interests call for the development of unconventional capabilities that are necessary in order to deal with current and future low intensity conflicts. This thesis analyzes the influence of language training and cultural understanding on the overall success of counterinsurgency campaigns. Examining some situations where the U.S. and British forces carried out counterinsurgency operations, this project reveals that ground troops with foreign language skills and cultural training were able to work more efficient with the local population. Cultural awareness facilitated communication and developed interpersonal trust. Additionally, language and cultural training enhanced military personnel's ability to understand the operational environment and to make a more selective use of force. The purpose of this thesis is not to promote a departure from conventional military training, but rather to propose the development of new Romanian military capabilities, the performance of which will increase through a better exploitation of language and cultural resources. / Captain, Romanian Army

Cette étude des pratiques RH dans les moyennes entreprises met en évidence l'influence significative des facteurs organisationnels et institutionnels. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, nous nous intéressons à ces pratiques à travers une approche intégratrice des théories mobilisées et montrons des particularismes en termes : 1/ de différenciation et d'hybridité structurelle, 2/ de légitimité institutionnelle et 3/ de complexité relationnelle.Reposant sur une méthodologie de recherche qualitative, l'étude empirique comprend 40 entretiens dont 13 menés dans le cadre de deux études de cas. Ces entretiens réalisés auprès de plusieurs acteurs RH permettent des comparaisons entre des moyennes entreprises de différentes tailles.À la lumière des spécificités des moyennes entreprises, nos résultats mettent en évidence une diversité des pratiques de RH. Notre recherche confirme l'intérêt d'une approche « non consensuelle » des pratiques de RH, celle-ci étant due au recul de la hiérarchie face à l'arrivée des managers. Nos résultats montrent aussi que dans les moyennes entreprises, les pratiques de RH sont personnelles, conformistes, pseudo-conformistes, pseudo-innovantes et innovantes. / This study of HR practices in medium-sized enterprises emphasizes on the significative influence of organizational and institutional factors. In this research, we examine these HR practices through an approach which integrates mobilized theories. We also point-out the specificities of these HRpractices in terms of: 1/ differentiation and structural hybridity, 2/ institutional legitimacy and 3/ relational complexity.Based on a methodology of qualitative research, this empirical study includes 40 interviews, 13 of which were part of two case studies. These interviews with different HR actors allow to make comparisons between medium-sized enterprises of different sizes.In light of the specificities of the medium-sized enterprises, our results highlight a variety of HR practices. Our research confirms that beyond the leader, there is a strong interest for a « nonconsensual » approach of HR practices, given that the hierarchy was forced to play a lesser role after the arrival of the managers. Our results show that in medium-sized enterprises, HR practicesare personal, conformist, pseudo-conformist, pseudo-innovative and innovative.

In most journalistic studies the film career of Charles Laughton overshadows his theatrical activities to the extent that the reader is hardly aware of the importance of his theatrical innovations to the theater of our time. The more commercial side of Laughton’s career was publicized while his artistic efforts, as characterized by the innovations, were frequently forgotten. More people remember him as the man who played Captain Bligh in the movies than as the man who worked with Bertolt Brecht, created the First Drama Quartette and developed a new American art form, Readers’ Theatre. The rationale of this study is to show the artistic Laughton in vivid enough detail to reverse the journalistic formula of emphasizing his film work and subordinating his theatrical innovations. If he had been strictly a commercial minded artist this study would not be needed. But he was anything but a commercially oriented individual. He was instead a pioneer whose total theatrical accomplishments, as mirrored through his innovations, were as outstanding as his film triumphs. These accomplishments are worthy of attention with his film career acting as a secondary consideration.