京都大学 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(情報学) / 甲第23323号 / 情博第759号 / 新制||情||129(附属図書館) / 京都大学大学院情報学研究科数理工学専攻 / (主査)教授 中村 佳正, 教授 矢ヶ崎 一幸, 准教授 辻本 諭 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Informatics / Kyoto University / DFAM

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This paper describes the methods used mainly in the filtration of audio signals -- noise reduction. It realizes segmentation with variable lenght of segment, constant overlap add and segmentation with variable lenght of segment and overlap add. These methods are then compared with comon methods of segmentation in dependance of the lenght of segment and used window function by the thresholding method. For this purpose it uses the database of audio records. In the first part it desrcibes the technique of audio signal processing with comon method of segmentation. According to this method it continues in design of signal processing by variable segmentation method, in which it is needed to modify the shape of window function, which influences and attributes are explained in next chapter. In practical part it describes the implemented methods in MATLAB programming language with each steps of testing. It continues with chart of enclosed files and the evaluation of the results of hearing tests.

This study examined the differences in decomposition rates and the resulting postmortem submergence interval (PMSI) of stillborn pigs and decapitated adult pig heads enclosed in plastic trash bags. Sixteen neonate pigs were divided into two variable categories: exposed and submerged in water, enclosed in a plastic trash bag and submerged in water. Upon recovery, each sample was assigned a Total Body Score. Eighteen decapitated adult pig heads were divided into two variable categories: nine heads were enclosed in plastic trash bags, and nine heads left exposed in the water. Twelve decapitated pig heads were divided into two terrestrial variable categories: six heads were enclosed in plastic trash bags and allowed to decompose on land, and six heads were left exposed on land. Accumulated degree-days (ADD) were calculated following the scoring guides provided in Moffatt et al. (2016), Megyesi et al. (2005) and Heaton et al. (2010). These guides were used to create a baseline decomposition rate established from the control groups decay rate. This baseline in the decomposition rate was then used to establish a measurable difference between exposed and enclosed samples. It was hypothesized that head samples submerged (enclosed/exposed) would decompose slower than the terrestrial samples (enclosed/exposed). It was further hypothesized that all enclosed/submerged samples would decompose slower than the exposed/terrestrial remains. A univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) test found no statistically significant interactions between submerged, enclosed or exposed remains, indicating that the enclosure of remains in a plastic trash bag, and subsequent submergence or not did not affect the decomposition rate of either sample. An additional ANOVA found statistically significant differences between the rate of neonate sample decomposition and adult head sample decomposition. Paired sample t-tests produced statistically significant results that indicate the inaccuracy of the ADD calculation methods developed by Megyesi et al. (2005) and Heaton et al. (2010) to neonate-sized remains, decapitated heads, submerged enclosed/exposed samples or terrestrial enclosed/exposed samples.

The subject of extra dimensions has experienced a renewed interest in recent years. Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos, and Dvali (ADD) have pointed out that it is possiblethat there exist extra dimensions that are as large as micrometer sized, if theStandard Model fields are restricted to a four-dimensional brane. In the ADD model, only the graviton is able to probe the extra dimensions. The main motivation for this model is that it could solve the hierarchy problem between the electroweak scale and the Planck scale by lowering the Planck scale to 1 TeV. However, in the ADD model, the radius of the extra dimensions is large, giving a new hierarchy problem between this radius and the electroweak scale. In addition, there are significant constraints on the model coming from astrophysics. To improve on the ADD model, it is possible to consider a model with curved extra dimensions. An interesting scenario is provided by extra dimensions of hyperbolic geometry. In this case, it is possible to bring the Planck scale down to 1 TeV without the need of a large radius. Also, the constraints that are important for the ADD model can be completely avoided. The most efficient probe of large extra dimensions is particle physics. In particular, it is possible to study their phenomenology in high-energy particle accelerators such as the Large Hadron Collider, which will be completed in 2008. The phenomenology of the ADD model has been extensively studied. In this thesis, we consider the phenomenology of a model where the internal space is a hyperbolic disc. We obtain the Kaluza-Klein spectrum approximately and study the Kaluza-Klein modes. The results are cross sections for production of a graviton together with a photon or a hadronic jet, which are the most important reactions for LHC physics.

Aufbauend auf Leasks Verständnis der Internationalisierung des Curriculums stellt dieser Beitrag drei unterschiedliche Ansätze vor, die Internationalisierungsmaßnahmen leiten können. Anhand eines Beispiels aus der Theologischen Fakultät der Georg-August-Universität Göttingen diskutiert die Autorin Potentiale und Schwierigkeiten der jeweiligen Ansätze und zeigt, in welcher Form eine Kombination vorteilhaft ist, um auf die Spezifika einer Fakultät und ihrer Studiengänge angemessen einzugehen.

Introduktion: Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder (AD(H)D/ ADD) och Autismspektrumstillstånd (AST) är livslånga tillstånd som ger påtagliga konsekvenser för individen. Förekomst av andra utvecklingsrelaterade tillstånd liksom fysisk och psykisk samsjuklighet är vanligt. Kunskapen om den motoriska förmågan hos vuxna med neuropsykiatriska tillstånd är begränsad. Syfte: Undersöka och beskriva den motoriska förmågan hos vuxna med ADHD, ADD och Autismspektrumstörning. Jämföra diagnosgrupperna och undersöka eventuella skillnader. Metod: I studien ingick 151 personer som diagnostiserats i vuxen ålder. Den motoriska förmågan undersöktes med Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, BOT-2. BOT-2 är ett normbaserat, validerat testbatteri som utgörs av fyra motoriska områden uppdelat på åtta delområden, som ger en sammanlagd poäng. Datamaterialet har analyserats med One Way ANOVA, oberoende t-test, Kruskal- Wallis test och Mann Whitney U-test. Deskriptiva data jämfördes med normvärden i BOT-2. Resultat: Jämfört med normvärden i BOT-2 låg 56% av studiepopulationen på en genomsnittlig nivå, 39 % under genomsnittet och övriga väl under genomsnittet i totalpoäng. I området handmotorisk kontroll låg medelvärdet i alla tre grupper under det normerade medelvärdet. Gruppen med Autismspektrumtillstånd hade nedsättningar inom flest områden jämfört med normvärden I AST gruppen låg resultaten i balans och bilateral koordination signifikant lägre jämfört med grupperna ADHD och ADD. I finmotorisk kontroll presterade ADD gruppen signifikant högre än i ADHD gruppen. Konklusion: Nedsättningar i den motoriska förmågan förefaller vanligt hos vuxna med ADHD, ADD och Autismspektrumtillstånd, och särskilt hos dem med AST. Vid neuropsykiatriska utredningar av vuxna bör också den motoriska förmågan bedömas. Mer forskning om förekomsten och behandling av motoriska nedsättningar vid neuropsykiatriska tillstånd är angeläget. / Introduction: Attention Deficit (Hyperactivity) Disorder (ADHD/ADD) and Austim Spectrums Disorder (ASD) are lifelong conditions that often causes severe consequences for the individual. The co-existens of related neurodevelopmental disorders as well as mental and physical illness is common. Knowledge about motor performance in adults is limited. Aims: To explore och describe motor performance in adults diagnosed with ADHD, ADD och Austism Spectrum Disorder. To performe group comparisons and explore differences between groups. Methods: The population consisted of 151 inividuals diagnosed as adults. Motor abilities were examined using the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency, second edition, a reference-based test of fine och gross motor skills. BOT-2 consits of eight subscales organized in four composits, and a total score. One Way ANOVA, independent t-test, Kruskal- Wallis test and Mann Whitney U statistic tests were used in the analysis. Descriptive data was analysed according to normbased data in  BOT-2. Resultat: In the population 56% perform within average and 39 % below average in Total Point score, compared to values in BOT-2. All groups performed below average in Manual Coordination. Most deficits appeared in the ASD group. The ASD group scored significantly lower in bilateral coordination and balance compared to the ADHD and ADD group. In Fine Motor Control the ADHD group performed significantly lower than the ADD group. Conclusion: Deficits in motor performance appears to be common in adults with the diagnosis ADHD, ADD och ASD, especially among individuals with ASD. When adults are clinically investigated, motor abilities should also be adressed. Further studies exploring motor abilities is recommended.

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Asphalt binder modification is a common method of improving Hot-mix Asphalt (HMA) performance by enhancing mix properties and reducing or delaying three general HMA distress types: deformation (rutting and shoving), cracking (from repeated loads and low temperatures) and general deterioration (raveling and stripping). Since the early 1960’s, a common modified asphalt alternative has employed reclaimed rubber as an economical and environmental friendly method of recycling waste tires while improving asphalt physical and mechanical properties. Pavement network deterioration combined with increasing material costs makes polymer modification of asphalt binder desirable, with reclaimed rubber from waste tires being an attractive alternative which addresses performance, economics and environmental issues. The primary objective of this dissertation is to demonstrate the importance of proper processing of all types of modified bituminous binders, whether they be virgin (e.g. styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) or styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR)), post-consumer polymers (e.g. ground tire rubber (GTR)) or a combination (GTR plus SBS). To achieve this four secondary objectives were identified: 1) characterize GTR using thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), 2) improve processing of GTR modified binders, 3) improve testing and specifications of GTR modified binders and 4) evaluate mixes containing GTR modified binders. A simple efficient instrumental, TGA, method to analyze polymers in binary rubber compounds was developed to quantify the functional polymer content available in GTR. TGA analysis provides a better understanding of the general chemical characteristics of GTR used in modification of asphalt binders for production of asphalt paving mixtures. Results are presented from efforts to optimize GTR modified binder formulations with respect to how GTR loading, GTR particle size, processing temperature and asphalt cement source affect modified binder properties and ability to meet performance graded binder specifications. These results are the basis to establish recommended processing parameters for formulation and preparation of GTR modified asphalt binders. GTR modified binders were used in: dense graded asphalt (DGA), stone matrix asphalt (SMA) and open graded friction courses (OGFC) and compared to conventional asphalt cement and styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) modified asphalt binders. Mixture performance evaluation with respect to binder effectiveness as it relates to the three general HMA distress types.

Bokstavsdiagnosen ADHD/ADD är omdiskuterad i Sverige. Neuropsykiatrerna och sociologerna kommer inte överens. Men, vad tycker pedagoger när de arbetar med barnen? Vad tycker barnen? I detta arbete behandlar jag två pedagogers, två föräldrars och två barns syn på diagnosen ADHD/ADD. Syftet med arbetet är att synliggöra problemet med att ha ADHD/ADD för att kunna undersöka och diskutera åtgärderna samt få en större beredskap att arbeta med olikheter. Min frågeställning blir således: Hur uppfattas situationen för barn med ADHD/ADD i skolan? Vilka resursmöjligheter har skolan när det gäller barn med ADHD/ADD? Vilka åtgärder finns för dessa barn? Hur ser samarbetet ut mellan skolan - och hem? Jag gör en beskrivning av problemområdet utifrån det historiska perspektivet på diagnosen samt definierar grundläggande begrepp som är viktiga för mitt arbete. På detta följer tidigare forskning på området, en introduktion till olika teorier och deras relevans till min undersökning samt en redovisning av skolans syn på barn med ADHD/ADD. Jag redogör för mitt metodval i undersökningen, urval av undersökningsgrupp och undersöknings genomförande för att sedan analysera materialet utifrån teorier inom psykiatri, utifrån skolans roll, det pedagogiska syn och pedagogiska åtgärder. Avslutningsvis för jag en diskussion om min studie och möjliga vägar för fortsatt forskning på området.