This study used a design based-research (DBR) methodology to examine how an Instructional Systematic Design (ISD) process such as ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) can be employed to develop a web-based module to teach metacognitive learning strategies to students in higher education. The goal of the study was twofold: (a) to examine the use of a systematic ISD process, ADDIE, to develop a web-based module that would be considered valid and effective, and (b) to use the design-based research (DBR) methodology to create relevant outcomes for practitioners in the field of IT while adding to the body of IT research. As in other DBR studies, a large amount of qualitative data was collected. DBR studies usually call for a variety of data collection instrument. In this study, a total of two interviews and twelve questionnaires were used to gather data. The outcomes of the study suggested that using a systematic approach such as ADDIE to develop a valid and effective interactive web-based module was still viable. Additionally, although the outcomes from this study did not form a basis to propose a new ISD model, it highlighted five key activities that could be added to the ADDIE process to accommodate development of a quality interactive web-based product. The five activities are as follows: (1) to conduct a detailed front-end analysis, (2) to develop a prototype early in the process, (3) to integrate formative and summative evaluations, (4) to assimilate iterations of "design-evaluate-refine" cycles throughout the process, and (5) to accommodate flexibility within the process. Furthermore, using the DBR methodology yielded results that added to the body of IT research and it provided support of the use of this methodology within the instructional technology discipline.

There is a lack of empirical research on the motivational regulation and reactions of higher education students enrolled in blended courses. Studies that target this focus with nontraditional adult learners enrolled in the community college are even more difficult to locate. In this mixed-methods exploratory case study, I explored in what ways nontraditional adult learners' motivational regulation and their motivational reactions to course design relate to their perceived learning experience in a blended technology course with a flipped design. Specifically, I investigated how nontraditional community college students described their goals for participating in a blended course prior to the start of the class, in what ways they utilized motivational regulation strategies within the course, how they described their motivational reactions to a blended course developed with a flipped design, and how they perceived their goal accomplishments at the end of the course. The following A Priori questions guided my research: 1. In what ways do five nontraditional community college students describe their goals for participating in a blended technology course with a flipped design prior to the start of the class? 2. How do these students describe their motivational regulation experiences in the blended technology course on their responses to the Motivational Regulation Strategies Questionnaire? 3. How do these students perceive the motivational aspects of the course design as measured by the Course Interest Survey? 4. In what ways do these students perceive they achieved their described goals at the end of the course? I collected quantitative and qualitative data in the Fall semester of 2017 from five purposefully selected nontraditional adult community college learners who voluntarily engaged in the inquiry. I used several data collection instruments throughout the study. I collected quantitative data via three questionnaires: (1) a Demographics, Goals, and Interest Survey (2) the Motivational Regulation Strategies questionnaire, and (3) the Course Interest Survey. I gathered qualitative data through (1) participant electronic journals, (2) semi-structured interviews and (3) a researcher's reflective journal. There are both practical and theoretical implications to this study. The results of this research suggest guidelines on how to design an effective blended course for nontraditional students enrolled in the community college arena. The information gleaned might be used to further develop and redesign future blended courses for nontraditional community college students who seek alternative modes of content delivery for the purposes of continued learning and convenience of integration into their busy lifestyles. The findings from this study contribute to at least two bodies of empirical research literature: (1) motivational regulation strategies employed by nontraditional community college students and the (2) development of blended courses with motivational design to help nontraditional community college adult learners obtain their learning goals.

[EN] The use of technology in education has enabled organizations to seriously bet on the new possibilities they offer. However, not only you have to have the technology, since these can be used in a disorganized way, but they must be established in an advantageous environment that enhances the teaching-learning process. While health eLearning as its name suggests, is applied training in a medical environment, there are many experiences that do not conform to a methodological approach that allows customized instructional and technological environment of these experiences. The main objective of this thesis is to establish a methodological approach for implementing an eLearning technology in a medical environment, using virtual learning platform. The eLearning training done has been supported following the ADDIE instructional design model as a reference, allowing set specifically for each training, a set of steps to follow. ELearning has developed a method, called eRibera, which has established a set of recommendations, facilitating the integration of eLearning technology. The proposed methodology has been evaluated using a set of indicators that examined the use of eLearning resources deployed in virtual learning platform, as well as the opinions of the participants of the training. The results obtained in the application of the methodology in different eLearning experiences allow us to confirm the effectiveness of using virtual learning platforms in this context. / [ES] El uso de tecnologías en la educación ha permitido que las organizaciones apuesten seriamente por las nuevas posibilidades que estas ofrecen. De todas formas, no sólo hay que disponer de las tecnologías, puesto que estas se pueden utilizar de manera desorganizada, sino que hay que establecer en ellas un entorno ventajoso que mejore el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje. Si bien, el eLearning sanitario como su propio nombre indica, es la formación aplicada en un entorno sanitario, existen numerosas experiencias que no se ajustan a una aproximación metodológica que permita personalizar el entorno instructivo y tecnológico de estas experiencias. El objetivo principal de esta tesis consiste en establecer una aproximación metodológica para implantar una tecnología eLearning en un entorno sanitario, mediante el uso de una plataforma de aprendizaje virtual. La formación eLearning realizada se ha apoyado siguiendo el modelo de diseño instruccional ADDIE como referencia, permitiendo establecer de forma específica para cada acción formativa, un conjunto de fases a seguir. Se ha formulado un método eLearning, denominado eRibera, que ha permitido establecer un conjunto de recomendaciones, facilitando la incorporación de la tecnología eLearning. La propuesta metodológica ha sido evaluada mediante un conjunto de indicadores que analizaban el uso de los recursos eLearning implementados en la plataforma de aprendizaje virtual, así como, las opiniones de los participantes de la formación recibida. Los resultados obtenidos en la aplicación de la propuesta metodológica en diferentes experiencias eLearning, permiten afirmar la efectividad del uso de las plataformas de aprendizaje virtual en este contexto. / [CAT] L'ús de tecnologies en l'educació ha permés que les organitzacions aposten seriosament per les noves possibilitats que estes oferixen. De totes maneres, no sols cal disposar de les tecnologies, ja que estes es poden utilitzar de manera desorganitzada, sinó que cal establir en elles un entorn avantatjós que millore el procés d'ensenyança-aprenentatge. Si bé, l'eLearning sanitari com el seu propi nom indica, és la formació aplicada en un entorn sanitari, hi ha nombroses experiències que no s'ajusten a una aproximació metodològica que permeta personalitzar l'entorn instructiu i tecnològic d'estes experiències. L'objectiu principal d'esta tesi consistix a establir una aproximació metodològica per a implantar una tecnologia eLearning en un entorn sanitari, per mitjà de l'ús d'una plataforma d'aprenentatge virtual. La formació eLearning realitzada s'ha recolzat seguint el model de disseny instruccional ADDIE com a referència, permetent establir de forma específica per a cada acció formativa, un conjunt de fases que s'ha de seguir. S'ha formulat un mètode eLearning, denominat eRibera, que ha permés establir un conjunt de recomanacions, facilitant la incorporació de la tecnologia eLearning. La proposta metodològica ha sigut avaluada per mitjà d'un conjunt d'indicadors que analitzaven l'ús dels recursos eLearning implementats en la plataforma d'aprenentatge virtual, així com, les opinions dels participants de la formació rebuda. Els resultats obtinguts en l'aplicació de la proposta metodològica en diferents experiències eLearning, permeten afirmar l'efectivitat de l'ús de les plataformes d'aprenentatge virtual en este context. / Izquierdo Soriano, JV. (2016). APROXIMACIÓN METODOLÓGICA PARA LA IMPLANTACIÓN DE TECNOLOGÍA E-LEARNING EN LA FORMACIÓN SANITARIA [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/62533 / TESIS

The critical role that an effective systematic training evaluation practice plays is in its ability to collect value systematically. The collected data is utilised to make a judgement or to evaluate learnings contribution. Without the training evaluation practice learning value is obscured. The instructionnal systems design (ISD) Addie is assessed as the systematic structure that can greatly assist the training evaluation practice. It supports the proposal of collecting value throughout the training lifecycle for the holistic view of learning value. The Kirkpatrick and Phillips (K/P) summative framework will be used to assess the current practice in collecting post-learning data. Addie was highly valued by the survey participants. The current summative practice in the organisation stops mainly at level two of the Kirkpatrick/Phillips model. The practice lacks comprehensive data collection at recommended best practice levels and is therefore, not effective, efficient and systematic in its approach to declare learning value. / Human Resource Management / M. Tech. (Human Resource Management)

The critical role that an effective systematic training evaluation practice plays is in its ability to collect value systematically. The collected data is utilised to make a judgement or to evaluate learnings contribution. Without the training evaluation practice learning value is obscured. The instructionnal systems design (ISD) Addie is assessed as the systematic structure that can greatly assist the training evaluation practice. It supports the proposal of collecting value throughout the training lifecycle for the holistic view of learning value. The Kirkpatrick and Phillips (K/P) summative framework will be used to assess the current practice in collecting post-learning data. Addie was highly valued by the survey participants. The current summative practice in the organisation stops mainly at level two of the Kirkpatrick/Phillips model. The practice lacks comprehensive data collection at recommended best practice levels and is therefore, not effective, efficient and systematic in its approach to declare learning value. / Human Resource Management / M. Tech. (Human Resource Management)

The purpose of this qualitative case study was to define and describe the work of external instructional design consultants. Study participants included seven instructional designers with varied educational backgrounds and work experience who work in a variety of contexts supporting clients in the design and delivery of learning experiences. All seven participants completed an initial survey with demographic and background questions. Five participants then took part in semi-structured interviews. Collected data was coded using both deductive and inductive methods with each case considered individually before combining the data for analysis across cases. Study findings support previous research suggesting that the work of instructional designers is dependent on context. Results further indicated that external instructional design consultants regularly engage in project management, communication and collaboration, and the analysis and evaluation components of the instructional design process, all in keeping with existing literature. External instructional designers differed in that they do more sales-related work, and, in the analysis process, focus more on client needs than learner characteristics. Study participants were invested in creating high quality, engaging learning experiences, while also willing to accommodate the unique challenges facing any given client. The study findings suggested that prospective employees' instructional design knowledge is of limited value during hiring interviews; instead, participants reported being more likely to hire former educators and subject-matter experts who can be trained to do instructional design work. Two broad themes emerged from the study's findings: 1) instructional designers can be organized into instructional designer and manager roles with corresponding responsibilities; and 2) the question of how best to prepare instructional designers is a question of what knowledge and skills are needed and where those skills should be developed. These themes formed the basis of five instructional design personas that resulted from this study, as well as a proposed program for preparing instructional design professionals.

Despite attempts by the South African government in partnership with private sector to equip schools with computers, research has shown that technology integration into teaching and learning is very low. Literature revealed that professional development or capacitation of teachers as the key element in enabling them to utilise technology and integrate it in their teaching practices. The main aim of this study was to design and develop Information Communication and Technology (ICT) instructional tools which were to be used to train teachers in primary schools on how to integrate ICT into teaching and learning. Design research and Instructional design theories were employed in guiding this study. The study used the ADDIE model of Instructional design as a guiding principle in the design and development of the tools. The study is located in the positivist paradigm of exploring reality and the methodology employed in this study was quantitative in nature. The participants were 28 teachers from three primary schools. The sample was purposely selected since the schools were awarded computers after taking part in a water management project. The quantitative data to determine the participants‟ prior knowledge, effectiveness of the solution and the teachers‟ satisfaction with the designed solution were collected by means of two questionnaires administered in two phases: pre- and post- workshop. The results of this study revealed that capacitation of teachers have to lay the foundation for ICT integration into teaching and learning. Giving computers to schools can lead to successful integration once the teachers feel competent to use them. Furthermore, it is crucial that other intervention strategies be explored, to empower teachers. It is recommended that this study be transferred to other similar situations. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / M. Ed. (Curriculum Studies)

Improvisation is a construct that uses a set of minimal heuristic guidelines to create a highly flexible scaffold that fosters extemporaneous communication. Scholars from diverse domains: such as psychology, business, negotiation, and education have suggested its use as a method for preparing professionals to manage complexity and think on their feet. A review of the literature revealed that while there is substantial theoretical scholarship on using improvisation in diverse domains, little research has verified these assertions. This dissertation evaluated whether improvisation, a specific type of dramatic technique, was effective for training pre-service teachers in specific characteristics of teacher-child classroom interaction, communication and affective skills development. It measured the strength and direction of any potential changes such training might effect on pre-service teacher’s self-efficacy for teaching and for implementing the communication skills common to improvisation and teaching while interacting with student in an inclusive classroom setting. A review of the literature on teacher self-efficacy and improvisation clarified and defined key terms, and illustrated relevant studies. This study utilized a mixed-method research design based on instructional design and development research. Matched pairs ttests were used to analyze the self-efficacy and training skills survey data and pre-service teacher reflections and interview transcripts were used to triangulate the qualitative data. Results of the t-tests showed a significant difference in participants’ self-efficacy for teaching measured before and after the improvisation training. A significant difference in means was also measured in participants’ aptitude for improvisation strategies and for self-efficacy for their implementation pre-/post- training. Qualitative results from pre-service teacher class iv artifacts and interviews showed participants reported beneficial personal outcomes as well as confirmed using skills from the training while interacting with students. Many of the qualitative themes parallel individual question items on the teacher self-efficacy TSES scale as well as the improvisation self-efficacy scale CSAI. The self-reported changes in affective behavior such as increased self-confidence and ability to foster positive interaction with students are illustrative of changes in teacher agency. Self-reports of being able to better understand student perspectives demonstrate a change in participant ability to empathize with students. Participants who worked with both typically developing students as well as with students with disabilities reported utilizing improvisation strategies such as Yes, and…, mirroring emotions and body language, vocal prosody and establishing a narrative relationship to put the students at ease, establish a positive learning environment, encourage student contributions and foster teachable moments. The improvisation strategies showed specific benefit for participants working with nonverbal students or who had commutation difficulties, by providing the pre-service teachers with strategies for using body language, emotional mirroring, vocal prosody and acceptance to foster interaction and communication with the student. Results from this investigation appear to substantiate the benefit of using improvisation training as part of a pre-service teacher methods course for preparing teachers for inclusive elementary classrooms. Replication of the study is encouraged with teachers of differing populations to confirm and extend results.