Access to an adequate education has been widely considered an undeniable right since Chief Justice Warren stated in his landmark decision that “Today, education is perhaps the most important function of state and local governments…it is doubtful that any child may reasonably be expected to succeed in life if he is denied the opportunity of an education” (Brown vs. Board of Education, 1954). State constitutions establish rights to public education. State legislatures define expected outcomes and funding mechanisms to operate schools. Over the past sixteen years, plaintiffs have overwhelmingly prevailed in court cases where they have claimed that children have been denied access to an adequate education. Close scrutiny of state education finance systems revealed that few states had seriously attempted to determine objectively the amount of resources actually required to meet children’s learning requirements (Rebell, 2006). The purpose of this study is to assist policy makers in efforts to link resources with expected and mandated outcomes. The central question addressed is “what is the cost of an adequate high school education?” Recommendations focus on: 1) how an adequate education should be defined; 2) understanding conditions that affect student outcomes; 3) using successful school smart practices to allocate resources; and 4) the cost of adequacy. Findings from this study identified three spending thresholds. Vermont high schools that spent below $10,006/ pupil in total “current expense,” below $685/pupil in student support services, or below $595/pupil in administrative services, were very unlikely to have provided an adequate education. The statewide cost of adequacy requires an additional 4.2% in spending per pupil if all schools spend at the threshold level (based on 4 year averages 2002-2005). Recommendations articulate the need for policy makers to accept responsibility for setting student-outcome standards within a framework that considers student needs and the resources they are willing to appropriate to achieve mandated results. State funding incentives for allocating resources to schools must be reconsidered to address the inequitable system presently in place. Further research which articulates smart practices related to governance systems, school leadership, experiential learning opportunities, and instructional methods is necessary.

It is my overall aim in this work to defend the view that knowledge is no more valuable than true belief or empirically adequate belief, and thus is not the primary epistemic good. I engage predominately with Jonathan Kvanvig‟s work for an assessment of the value of knowledge. In turn, I assess the arguments for the value of knowledge for their ability to support the view that knowledge is uniquely valuable. First I will consider an argument which relies on a purported connection between knowledge and proper action. It will then be suggested that arguments tying knowledge to our proper action are not adequate to justify this standard view of the value of knowledge. Furthermore, I will assess an argument that appeals to the value of truth to explain the superior value of knowledge. From this it will be concluded that truth is also less valuable than typically thought, consequently resulting in an overvaluation of knowledge. Lastly, I will investigate the possibility that knowledge has its value because of its stability and resistance to irrationality. Again, I will argue that this is insufficient justification of the standard view about the value of knowledge by offering counterexamples to both the stability of knowledge and knowledge‟s resistance to irrationality. After this I will discuss the implications of my analysis on the value of knowledge.

Masters in Public Administration - MPA / This study examined the institutional challenges facing the City of Windhoek in the provision of water supply and sanitation in the Havana Informal Settlement. Like most cities in developing countries, Namibia is faced with the triple challenge of poverty, unemployment and inequality, even though Namibia after its liberation developed several policies to ensure that equitable service delivery is provided to all its citizens. Approximately 60% of the city’s population resides in informal settlements, with inadequate and poor service delivery such as sanitation and water supply. External factors such as climate change amongst others have a huge impact in a water-scarce country such as Namibia on attaining the sustainability of water resources.

The purpose of this research was to determine if the variables included in the Mississippi Report Card 2003-2004 utilized for the calculation of AYP can be used to predict with accuracy greater than that which can be attributed to chance, whether or not Mississippi LEAs will attain adequate yearly progress in reading and math using the logistic regression technique. An additional goal of this study is to identify whether the inclusion of a variable representing the proportion of teachers in each Mississippi LEA with a one-year teaching certificate can notably enhance the explanatory power of the logistic regression models. This study addressed two research questions: Research Question 1: Can variables (included in the Mississippi Report Card 2003-2004) required for the calculation of adequate yearly progress be used to successfully predict Adequate Yearly Progress using the Logistic Regression technique with an accuracy greater than that which can be attributed to chance? Research Question 2: Could the addition of another predictor variable (Percentage of Teachers with One-Year Educator Licenses) notably add to the predictive accuracy of the model? This study demonstrated that using the variables utilized for the calculation of AYP, a predictive model can be successfully utilized to classify Mississippi LEAs that will and will not attain AYP in reading and math with an accuracy greater than that which can be attributed to chance. This study also established that the inclusion of a variable corresponding to the percentage of teachers in a LEA with one-year educator licenses does not add to the predictive accuracy of the model.

This diploma thesis deals with the question of an adequate satisfaction as a claim resulting from violator's unfair competition conduct. The thesis is divided into three parts. The aim of the first part is to define general presumptions for the commencement of claim of the adequate satisfaction such as unlawfulness consisting in prohibited unfair competition conduct, injured party's non-pecuniary harm, causal link between violator's unlawful conduct and injured party's non-pecuniary harm and violator's fault. The second part defines persons entitled to claim the adequate satisfaction and persons obliged to meet such a claim. The third part deals with ways in which the adequate satisfaction can be provided and criterions substantial for assessment of the amount of the adequate satisfaction in money. Particular attention is paid to the question of function and purpose of the adequate satisfaction in the unfair competition law framework in particular the question of whether the unfair competition could be designated as a preventive and punitive instrument beside its main purpose of satisfaction of non- material harm suffered by the injured party and whether the function of prevention a sanction could be taken into account in deciding about the amount of the adequate satisfaction in money. The thesis...

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 25-28, 1993 / Riviera Hotel and Convention Center, Las Vegas, Nevada / This paper provides a brief history of the role strategic ballistic missile telemetry has played in U.S.-Soviet and Russian arms control relations from the first Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT I) through the second Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty (START II).

A dissertação possui como objetivo principal o estudo da modicidade tarifária nas concessões comuns de serviços públicos da Lei nº 9.987/95. Para isso, elabora, inicialmente, um panorama geral acerca dos principais aspectos relativos ao instituto do serviço público, tais como sobre sua definição, características, princípios gerais e inovações legislativas ocorridas nas últimas décadas que possibilitaram novas formas para sua execução (e que suscitaram dúvidas relativas a uma possível crise de sua noção e existência como instituto jurídico no ordenamento pátrio). Analisa a figura do serviço público adequado e o conteúdo jurídico dos seguintes requisitos (ou princípios) de sua conformação: regularidade, continuidade, eficiência, segurança, generalidade, cortesia e atualidade. Expõe, após isso, elucidações quanto à avaliação do papel do serviço público adequado na concretização de direitos fundamentais. Estabelece, em seguida, conceitos e parâmetros mínimos acerca de fatores relacionados à forma como se opera a remuneração dos serviços públicos em uma concessão comum e à política tarifária que se cria e se aplica nesse tipo contratual, para entender a maneira como esses fatores impactam a composição do valor tarifário. Com esse intuito, os seguintes itens foram averiguados: competência para se confeccionar a política tarifária; seu conteúdo e sua vinculação a políticas públicas; diferenças entre regimes tarifários em situações de monopólio e concorrência; critérios de escolha da proposta vencedora da licitação previstos na Lei Geral de Concessão; princípio da isonomia na política tarifária e acesso universal ao serviço público; gratuidade e a possibilidade de diferenciação de tarifas; fórmulas ou modelos de estruturação utilizados para a fixação do valor da tarifa; receitas alternativas do art. 11 da Lei Geral de Concessões; o lucro nas concessões de serviços públicos; e o princípio do equilíbrio econômico-financeiro dos contratos de concessão. Examina a previsão no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro da modicidade tarifária e apresenta as definições doutrinárias sobre o princípio, sistematizando-as com o intuito de apontar o conteúdo jurídico do mesmo. Avalia como se dão os impactos dos citados fatores referentes ao sistema remuneratório e à política tarifária sobre a modicidade na execução de serviços públicos nas concessões comuns. Realiza, por fim, conclusões quanto a problemas secundários levantados ao longo do trabalho, bem como quanto à questão principal referente às hipóteses relacionadas ao problema central da pesquisa, que consiste em saber se a devida compreensão do conteúdo jurídico do princípio da modicidade tarifária vincula-se à tarefa de se empregar corretamente as normas referentes ao regime remuneratório nos contratos de concessão de serviços públicos e de se proceder às melhores escolhas dentre as disponibilizadas para confecção e aplicação da política tarifária nesses tipos contratuais, no sentido da mais efetiva implementação do princípio. / The dissertation has as main object of study the moderateness of rates in public services concessions of Law nº 9.987/95. It elaborates initially an overview of the main aspects of the public service institute, such as about its definition, characteristics, general principles, legislative innovations that have occurred in recent decades and promoted new ways for its implementation (and that raised questions on a possible crisis in its concept and existence as a legal institute in the Brazilian legal order). It analyzes the figure of the adequate public service and the legal content of the following requirements (or principles) of its conformation: regularity, continuity, efficiency, safety, generality, courtesy and actuality. It exposes elucidations about the role of the adequate public service in the realization of fundamental rights. It sets concepts and minimum standards regarding factors related to how the remuneration of public services operates in a common concession and to rate policy that is created and adopted in that type of contract, to understand how these factors impact in the composition of the rate value, according to the analysis of the following elements: competence to fabricate the rate policy; its content and linking to public policies; differences between rate schemes in monopoly and competition situations; selection criteria of the bid winning of the bidding process in the General Law of Concession; the principle of equality in rate policy and the subject of universal access to public service; gratuity and the possibility of differentiation of rates; formulas or structure models used for fixing the rate value; alternatives revenues of article 11 of the General Concession Law; the profit in public service concessions; the principle of economic and financial balance of the concession contracts. It checks the moderateness of rates provision in the Brazilian legal system and it presents the doctrinal conceptual definitions of the principle, systematizing them in order to point its legal content that makes it possible to assess how the impact of those mentioned factors happens relating to the remuneration and to the rate policy on the moderateness in the execution of public services in concessions. It performs conclusions about secondary issues addressed throughout the dissertation as well as about the main issue that concerns the assumptions related to the central problem of the research, which is whether a proper understanding of the legal content of the moderateness of rates principle is linked to the task of properly applying factors related to the remuneration system and to making better choices among the available ones for the preparation and application of rates policies in a common concession of public services, in the sense of the most effective implementation of the principle.

L’homme n’habite plus vraiment, il s’abrite. Habiter exige une « part de monde » propre à l’individu afin que se réalise l’évènement de demeurer. Le droit au logement rend compte d’une exigence démocratique qu’il convient de prendre au sérieux au sein des sociétés française et italienne. Elle se manifeste inévitablement comme l’expression d’une certaine ouverture du droit positif au présent, le droit ne pouvant rester aveugle à ce qui l’entoure. L’individu questionne constamment ses ressources lorsque ces dernières ne suffisent pas ou plus à lui assurer une existence digne et se tourne le cas échéant vers la solidarité nationale afin d’y remédier. Il convient dès lors de s’interroger sur la consistance normative du droit au logement en droit comparé au regard de la convergence de ses sources internationales et nationales. Cet enrichissement donne corps à une mise en œuvre selon le principe de subsidiarité opérée par les acteurs les plus proches de la misère sociale à qui il revient en définitive de traduire la signification du droit au logement. / Man no longer truly lives somewhere, he shelters. To live somewhere would entail a “part of the world” belonging to the individual in order for the évènement de demeurer to arise. The right to adequate housing conveys a democratic requirement that must be taken seriously. This requirement reveals itself inevitably as an expression of a certain openness of positive law to the present, the law being unable to ignore its surroundings. The individual constantly questions his resources when they are insufficient or no longer ensure a dignified existence and turns, if needs be, to national solidarity as a remedy. Consequently, it is important to analyse the normative substance of the right to adequate housing in the light of the convergence of its international and national sources. This enrichment furthers the application of these norms, by the principle of subsidiarity, by the actors closest to the social misery upon whom it bears to give meaning to the right to adequate housing.

A dissertação possui como objetivo principal o estudo da modicidade tarifária nas concessões comuns de serviços públicos da Lei nº 9.987/95. Para isso, elabora, inicialmente, um panorama geral acerca dos principais aspectos relativos ao instituto do serviço público, tais como sobre sua definição, características, princípios gerais e inovações legislativas ocorridas nas últimas décadas que possibilitaram novas formas para sua execução (e que suscitaram dúvidas relativas a uma possível crise de sua noção e existência como instituto jurídico no ordenamento pátrio). Analisa a figura do serviço público adequado e o conteúdo jurídico dos seguintes requisitos (ou princípios) de sua conformação: regularidade, continuidade, eficiência, segurança, generalidade, cortesia e atualidade. Expõe, após isso, elucidações quanto à avaliação do papel do serviço público adequado na concretização de direitos fundamentais. Estabelece, em seguida, conceitos e parâmetros mínimos acerca de fatores relacionados à forma como se opera a remuneração dos serviços públicos em uma concessão comum e à política tarifária que se cria e se aplica nesse tipo contratual, para entender a maneira como esses fatores impactam a composição do valor tarifário. Com esse intuito, os seguintes itens foram averiguados: competência para se confeccionar a política tarifária; seu conteúdo e sua vinculação a políticas públicas; diferenças entre regimes tarifários em situações de monopólio e concorrência; critérios de escolha da proposta vencedora da licitação previstos na Lei Geral de Concessão; princípio da isonomia na política tarifária e acesso universal ao serviço público; gratuidade e a possibilidade de diferenciação de tarifas; fórmulas ou modelos de estruturação utilizados para a fixação do valor da tarifa; receitas alternativas do art. 11 da Lei Geral de Concessões; o lucro nas concessões de serviços públicos; e o princípio do equilíbrio econômico-financeiro dos contratos de concessão. Examina a previsão no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro da modicidade tarifária e apresenta as definições doutrinárias sobre o princípio, sistematizando-as com o intuito de apontar o conteúdo jurídico do mesmo. Avalia como se dão os impactos dos citados fatores referentes ao sistema remuneratório e à política tarifária sobre a modicidade na execução de serviços públicos nas concessões comuns. Realiza, por fim, conclusões quanto a problemas secundários levantados ao longo do trabalho, bem como quanto à questão principal referente às hipóteses relacionadas ao problema central da pesquisa, que consiste em saber se a devida compreensão do conteúdo jurídico do princípio da modicidade tarifária vincula-se à tarefa de se empregar corretamente as normas referentes ao regime remuneratório nos contratos de concessão de serviços públicos e de se proceder às melhores escolhas dentre as disponibilizadas para confecção e aplicação da política tarifária nesses tipos contratuais, no sentido da mais efetiva implementação do princípio. / The dissertation has as main object of study the moderateness of rates in public services concessions of Law nº 9.987/95. It elaborates initially an overview of the main aspects of the public service institute, such as about its definition, characteristics, general principles, legislative innovations that have occurred in recent decades and promoted new ways for its implementation (and that raised questions on a possible crisis in its concept and existence as a legal institute in the Brazilian legal order). It analyzes the figure of the adequate public service and the legal content of the following requirements (or principles) of its conformation: regularity, continuity, efficiency, safety, generality, courtesy and actuality. It exposes elucidations about the role of the adequate public service in the realization of fundamental rights. It sets concepts and minimum standards regarding factors related to how the remuneration of public services operates in a common concession and to rate policy that is created and adopted in that type of contract, to understand how these factors impact in the composition of the rate value, according to the analysis of the following elements: competence to fabricate the rate policy; its content and linking to public policies; differences between rate schemes in monopoly and competition situations; selection criteria of the bid winning of the bidding process in the General Law of Concession; the principle of equality in rate policy and the subject of universal access to public service; gratuity and the possibility of differentiation of rates; formulas or structure models used for fixing the rate value; alternatives revenues of article 11 of the General Concession Law; the profit in public service concessions; the principle of economic and financial balance of the concession contracts. It checks the moderateness of rates provision in the Brazilian legal system and it presents the doctrinal conceptual definitions of the principle, systematizing them in order to point its legal content that makes it possible to assess how the impact of those mentioned factors happens relating to the remuneration and to the rate policy on the moderateness in the execution of public services in concessions. It performs conclusions about secondary issues addressed throughout the dissertation as well as about the main issue that concerns the assumptions related to the central problem of the research, which is whether a proper understanding of the legal content of the moderateness of rates principle is linked to the task of properly applying factors related to the remuneration system and to making better choices among the available ones for the preparation and application of rates policies in a common concession of public services, in the sense of the most effective implementation of the principle.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:11:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marcio Couto.pdf: 865494 bytes, checksum: 761ab3f691ee3bfd40b7bc24bcdd4038 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-09-19 / This composition looks for to investigate the elaboration of a global pointer of performance for the adjusted services in the fluvial transport of passengers in the Amazon region. The objective is to verify the pointers of quality for the adequate services as resolution 912 of the National Agency of Aquatic Transports - ANTAQ and to calculate them. Later, through the methodology of wrapper Analysis of data - DEA, these pointers will be congregated in an only pointer called of global. It is known that the quality in the transport is directly connected to the adjusted services, which are express in law, however, in practical the such requirements they are not respected in the Amazon region. In part for the lack of an efficient inspection, on the other hand, the lack of public politics in relation to the aquaviário transport in relation to the fluvial transport, contributes to the precariousness of services. However, to think itself about structural improvements, it is necessary beforehand to diagnosis each part of the fluvial transport. The pointers are instruments for this basement, supplying enough knowledge for one better intervention of the responsible agencies, and they will serve to awake in the user the necessity of changes in this modal. The results of the research had shown that the boats that operate in the routes longest had presented the best performances. Being the partial pointers in relation to the quality of the offered service, it is concluded that the changeable time of trip does not have direct association with the variable related to the edge services offered in the boats, nor neither, the changeable charged price . key-Words: Poi ters, fluvial transport; quality; adequate services, DEA / Este trabalho procurou investigar a elaboração de um indicador global de desempenho para os serviços adequados no transporte aquaviário de passageiros na Região Amazônica. O objetivo é propor um modelo para construção de indicadores de qualidade para os serviços oferecidos no setor, baseado na definição de serviços adequados, descrita na resolução 912 da Agência Nacional de Transportes Aquáticos ANTAQ. Através da metodologia de Análise Envoltória de Dados (Data Envelopment Analysis DEA), esses indicadores foram reunidos em um único indicador, denominado de indicador global. Sabe-se que a qualidade no transporte está diretamente ligada aos serviços adequados, os quais estão expressos em lei, todavia, na prática tais requisitos não são respeitados na Região Amazônica. Em parte pela falta de uma fiscalização eficiente. A carência de políticas públicas em relação ao transporte aquaviário contribuiu para precariedade em que se encontram esses serviços atualmente. No entanto, para se pensar em melhorias estruturais é preciso de antemão diagnosticar cada parte do transporte aquaviário. Os indicadores são instrumentos para esse embasamento, fornecendo conhecimentos suficientes para uma melhor intervenção dos órgãos responsáveis, bem como despertar no usuário a necessidade de mudanças nesse modal. Os resultados da pesquisa mostraram que as embarcações que operam nas rotas mais longas apresentaram os melhores desempenhos. Sendo os indicadores parciais referentes à qualidade do serviço oferecido, pode-se concluir que a variável tempo