The aim of this work is to evaluate the Czech development aid given to developing countries. I have solved the selected problem by research of publications about development projects and about the aid to developing countries, in general. Thanks to the research, I found out that some of the development aid is deficient. The results of this work can help to determine the revision of the priority countries.

The thesis deals with Afghanistan and conflicts that affected it. Thesis is focused on renewal of Afghanistan and development aid that Afghanistan receives. There is analyzed situation of Afghanistan after 2001 when appeared allied troops in the country. There are analyzed ODA, main donors and where the aid helps. The thesis deals with aid by EU and Czech Republic. There is analyzed development of Afghanistan on the basis of macro-economic and other indicators.

This thesis aims to analyze the business environment and the conditions for international trade in Afghanistan. The main focus is on the analysis of the risks that emerge from these conditions.

Abstract The aim of this essay was to examine the complicated process of state-building in Afghanistan after the fall of the Taliban regime in 2001. This was done by using a theory-consuming case study and utilizing Charles T. Call theory on state-building and his three gaps: capacity, security and legitimacy. By utilizing the previously mentioned theory one can see the glaring issues that exist in all three sectors of the Afghan state. Corruption is a recurrent variable that disturbs performance and trust towards officials while the Taliban are the main military force that meddles with attempts of democratization and progress. The matter of dealing with local leaders and warlords still lacks a cohesive solution and the huge influence of opium remains a considerable source of income for not only terrorists but also a part of the poor population. With the democratic institutions being so fragile and the fear of the US leaving the state by itself, the near future is going to be critical in determining the path Afghanistan will walk in.

During the last decades the word ”terrorism” has a whole different meaning. Brutality has increased and terrorists of today show no mercy on civilians and innocent people.Fatemiyoun, the Iran-supported brigade (Afghani citizens) have immigrated to Iran to take part in war in a third country, Syria. This type of military activity has created great anxiety in Afghanistan and in the rest of the middle East.In this study the concept ”terrorism”will be used in regard of the Fatemiyoun activities and the implementation of threat and violence in Syria.The issue focused on in this study will be if Fatemiyon can be regarded a terrororganisation or not.I will be using two definitions and two theories. These definitions and theories are applied to actual material concerning the presence of Fatemiyoun in Syria. This is connected to the IRGC and the Iranian government's political concern to expand shiism.There are already some studies on the connection between states and terror groups. The choice to analyze militia groups has favoured the study as Fatemiyoun is a militia group and as a result Fatemiyoun is regarded a terrorist organisation in these theories.Fatemiyoun as a new phenomenon is also a motive for further studies concerning the relation between Iran and its militia groups.

The thesis based on analysis of international community peacebuilding policy and consequent reaction by local actors assesses the influence of this interaction onto the liberal peace and changes in missions' operation. The extent of local ownership and the real agency of local actors is then dependent on the time of mission occurrence, power related interests of international community and the force and accessibility of structures that the international community tries to influence. Key words: peacebuilding, hybridization, local ownership, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Afghanistan, Sierra Leone

For ten years he spent as the Prime Minister, Tony Blair led Great Britain in no less five then military operations, more than any other Prime Minister in the modern history. Neither of these operations was strictly speaking in British national interest and thus Tony Blair had to use other than the usual arguments to legitimize Britain's participation. He therefore started using moral arguments. Usage of these became much more acceptable during the nineties due to the changes in the international arena, this thesis looks at which moral arguments Tony Blair used during his tenure as the Prime Minister and how he used them. It analyses his arguments used to legitimize operations in Iraq, Afghanistan and Kosovo.

The complexity of spoilers in the conflict resolution and the breakdown of the peace process through violence or other method have made spoiling an interesting topic. The discussion and the research on the spoiler has contributed to understanding the nature of the issue of spoilers. However, the discussion is rolling over the perception of spoiler and the obstacle of spoiling behavior. Some researchers are focusing on spoiling behavior of internal and external spoiler who are within the country of the conflict, while some of the recent researches concentrate on the spoiling actions of states or actors who are geographically external to the conflict which can derail the peace processes. Obviously the role of external states actors especially the US  was not covered by the research with the only exceptions in which the United State has been highlighted as the external state spoiler in Colombia.  In the case of the Afghanistan there are several states involved in Afghan conflict but there is no research has been done on democratic countries, such as the US as having potential spoiling behavior in the Afghan peace process. Therefore this study is trying to see if the US has a spoiling behavior in the context of Afghanistan. The analytical framework developed in this study outline some condition to spoiling behavior and activities which is applied to case of study US in Afghanistan to find out if the US acting as potential spoiler in Afghan peace process. The role of US in Afghanistan is one of the reason that encourage looking into the US impact on the country and its long pursuit of peace. In this study, the US opinion, role, and activities towards Afghan peace process and conflict are discussed throughout this study.  The analytical framework which has been developed in this study suggests that the US has the potential to spoiling behavior.

In der Arbeit geht es um das Thema 'interkulturelle Kompetenz bzw. interkulturelle Handlungskompetenz' und beschäftigt sich mit dem oben genannten Thema und deren Vermittlung im DaF-Unterricht. Angesicht der großen Unterschiede zwischen afghanischer und deutscher Kultur ist der Erwerb interkultureller Handlungskompetenz für afghanische Deutschlernende von großer bedeutung. Da interkulturelle Kompetenz effektives und sicheres Handeln der Lernenden in kulturellen Überschneidungssituationen und in fremdkultureller Umgebung ermöglicht, interessiert mich als DaF-Lehrer an der Universität Kabul die konkrete Unterrichtsebene, das heißt wie im DaF-Unterricht interkulturelle Kompetenz tatsächlich zu erreichen und damit als übergeordnetes Lehr- und Lernziel ist. In der vorhandenen Arbeit wird versucht zu klären, welche Rolle interkulturelle Kompetenz im DaF-Unterricht spielt, wie interkulturelle Kompetenz aus Sicht der afghansichen DaF-Lernenden im DaF-Unterricht an der Deutschabteilung der Universität Kabul vermittelt wird, was die Lernenden dabei für wichtig halten, in wieweit interkulturelles Lernen im Rahmen des afghanischen Deutschunterricht stattfindet und inwiefern der momentane DaF-Unterricht die afghanischen Studierienden auf konkrete interkulturelle Anlässe vorbereitet. Weiterhin verfolgt die Arbeit die Absicht, einerseits einen überblicksartigen Einblick in die Situation des DaF-Unterrichts in Afghanistan zu gewähren, d. h. ein aktuelles Bild über die aktuelle Entwicklung des afghanischen DaF-Unterricht zu geben und in deisem Zusammenhang die Erwartungshaltung der Studierenden gegenüber interkulturellen Themen aufzuzeigen, sowie zugleich deren Implikation un die damit verundene Problematik gegebener Unterrichtsbedingungen neben Schwierigkeiten der Vermittlung interkultureller Kompetenz zu verdeutlichen. Dafür müssen andererseits Überlegungen angestrengt werden, wie diese Fähigkeiten überhaupt aufgebaut werden können, indem zeitgleich auf den Abbau präsenter Stereotype und Vorurteile über Deutsche und Deutschland abzuzielen ist.:Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung 1 2 DaF-Unterricht in Afghanistan 6 2.1 Gründung der Universität Kabul 7 2.2 DaF bzw. Germanistik an der Universität Kabul 8 2.3 Gründung der Deutschabteilung 10 3 Fremdsprachenunterricht mit Erwachsenen 12 3.1 Die Rolle des Alters beim Fremdsprachenlernen 13 3.2 Der Faktor der Motivation beim Fremdsprachenerwerb 14 3.3 Kommunikative Kompetenz als Ziel und Mittel des FSU 16 4 Interkulturelle Kompetenz 23 4.1 Begriffsdefinition 24 4.2 Interkulturelle Kompetenz als Ziel im Fremdsprachen- bzw. DaF-Unterricht 27 4.3 Modelle der interkulturellen Kompetenz 29 4.4 Teilkomponenten der interkulturellen Kompetenz 32 4.4.1 Kognitive Kompetenz 33 4.4.2 Affektive Kompetenz 35 4.4.3 Pragmatisch-Kommunikative Kompetenz 36 4.5 Dimensionen der Vermittlung interkultureller Kompetenz 37 5 Die Vermittlung spezifischen Alltagswissens in Hinsicht auf die Zielsetzung einer kommunikativen, interkulturellen Handlungskompetenz im FSU 39 5.1 Vermittlung interkultureller kommunikativer Kompetenz 41 5.1.1 Zum Begriff von interkultureller kommunikativer Kompetenz und interkulturellem Lernen 42 5.1.2 Interkulturelle kommunikative Kompetenz als Ziel des FSU 43 5.2 Vertiefungsinhalte interkultureller kommunikativer Kompetenz 46 5.2.1 Alltagsthemen und Grundbedürfnisse 47 5.2.2 Routinen und Rituale in der Alltagskommunikation 48 5.2.3 Stereotype und Vorurteile 50 5.2.4 Kommunikative Stile 53 5.2.5 Interkulturelle Missverständnisse 55 6 Untersuchung zur interkulturellen Kompetenz bei afghanischen DaF-Lernenden 58 6.1 Ausgangspunkte der Untersuchung 58 6.2 Untersuchungsgruppe 60 6.3 Untersuchungsmethode 62 6.4 Analyse der Ergebnisse 64 6.5 Reflexion der Ergebnisse 73 7 Schlussbetrachtung 76 8 Literaturverzeichnis 80

Insurgencies have been a nuisance for modern armies to deal with for centuries and recent conflicts in Afghanistan and Northern Ireland supports that claim. Counterinsurgency theories present different solutions for the same problems and old proven theories get challenged by modern ones. Researchers therefore differ in their opinions whether the classical proven theories are still relevant to guide modern counterinsurgency. A lot of modern counterinsurgency doctrines are still heavily based on these classical theories which leads to the purpose of this study, to investigate if an old theory still can explain the outcome of modern counterinsurgency operations. A fitting theory for this goal is the British theorist Thompsons which’s influence still can be observed in modern counterinsurgency doctrines. The study’s findings indicate that an old theory such as Thompsons still contributes to explain the outcome of modern counterinsurgency operations. The analysis illuminates that the greater extent of observance according to the principles of the theory will result in a more successful counterinsurgency overall. Though further research is required to consolidate these affirmations.