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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
431

“In Afghanistan people follow the culture more than law and religion” : En kvalitativ studie om jämställdhet, islam och pashtunwali i Afghanistan

Mälberg, Lina January 2020 (has links)
Den här uppsatsen har för avsikt att undersöka om de informanter som deltagit anser att Afghanistan är jämställt. Uppsatsen har också som syfte att se hur informanternas individuella trosuppfattning påverkar synen på jämställdhet och deras följande av pashtunwali. Samt om informanterna anser att islam eller pashtunwali förespråkar eller förhindrar jämställdhet. Informanterna befinner sig alla i Afghanistan och har svarat på frågor via Google forms i form av postala intervjuer. Metoden som använts i denna uppsats är kvalitativa analyser. För att analysera svaren har jag använt mig av Hirdmans genussystem och Connells teori om maskulinitet.   Resultaten visar tydliga svar på att informanterna inte betraktar Afghanistan som jämställt. Detta visar sig bland annat i att män värderas högre och män erhåller många fler valmöjligheter än kvinnor. Kvinnor begränsas ständigt av regler uppsatta av män. Informanterna anser att islam förespråkar jämställdhet men pashtunwali är ett starkt hinder på vägen mot ett jämställt samhälle. / This paper aims to investigate whether the informants who participated believe that Afghanistan is equal. This paper also intends to see how the informants' individual beliefs affect the view of gender equality and their following of pashtunwali. And if they believe that Islam or Pashtunwali promotes or is an obstacle against equality. The informants are all located in Afghanistan and have answered questions via Google forms in the form of postal interviews. The method used for this paper is qualitative analyzes. To analyze the answers, I have used Hirdman's gender system and Connell's theory of masculinity.       The results show clear reactions that the informants do not consider Afghanistan to be equal. This is shown for instance by the fact that men are valued higher and men are given many more choices than women. Women are constantly limited by rules set by men. The informants believe that Islam advocates for equality, but pashtunwali is a strong obstacle on the road to an equal society.
432

Talibaner, Sharia och kvinnors rättigheter : En studie om talibanernas förståelse av Sharia och deras kvinnosyn

Mälberg, Lina January 2022 (has links)
On August 15, 2021, the Taliban entered the Afghan capital, Kabul, and a new period in Afghanhistory began. Fear of return to the former Taliban regime in the 1990s spread. However, the Taliban promised that women's rights would be respected. Their rights would be respected within the framework of the Islamic Sharia law. Women would have a place in society and access to work and education. Despite their promises, the Taliban soon began restricting women's rights.The purpose of this essay is to examine the Taliban's understanding of Sharia and see what view of women it results in. The essay also intends to clarify whether this view includes rights for women. The Taliban's understanding is examined from a rights perspective and through a critical perspective. A qualitative hermeneutic methodology is the basis for the thesis method, this method refers to understandings and interpretations. Additionally, 3 deep structured interviews were conducted and constitutes an important part of the essay.The study shows that the Taliban's understandings are strongly rooted in local traditions of Pashtun communities. Much of The Taliban's view of women comes from traditional Pashtun societies, and a lot of what they call Sharia is in fact taken from the Pashtun code of honour, Pashtunwali. The Taliban declare that they endorse Human Rights and believe that both men and women have rights, but that the rights appear different
433

Lullabies of Afghanistan's and Uzbekistan's Uzbeks. Typological Questions of Their Musical and Linguistic Structure

Sultanova, Razia 08 January 2020 (has links)
No description available.
434

Versicherheitlichung aus organisationssoziologischer Perspektive.: Eine empirische Analyse zu Kooperationen mit der Bundeswehr bei drei deutschen entwicklungspolitischen NROs in Afghanistan.

Franz, Sandra 12 July 2021 (has links)
In dieser Dissertation wird die Versicherheitlichung (securitization) von drei deutschen, entwicklungspolitisch in Afghanistan tätigen NROs empirisch erforscht. Dabei wird systematisch untersucht, ob Versicherheitlichung stattgefunden hat und - darauf aufbauend - welche Wirkungszusammenhänge existieren, d.h. unter welchen Bedingungen Versicherheitlichung stattfindet und welche organisationssoziologischen Einflussfaktoren im Zusammenhang mit dieser stehen. Der Ausgangspunkt dieser Forschung ist die Feststellung, dass Versicherheitlichung von Entwicklungspolitik auch im deutschen Kontext an Relevanz gewinnt und die zivilgesellschaftliche Debatte 2010 ihren vorläufigen Höhepunkt erreicht. Die theoretische Grundlage für die empirischen Analysekategorien bilden einerseits die Securitization Theory in ihren Weiterentwicklungen von Thierry Balzacq und Peter J. Burgess (2011) sowie Alexander Brand (2011) und andererseits die Neoinstitutionalistischen Forschungsprogramme von Christine Oliver (1991) sowie Andrew J. Hoffmann (1999). Festzustellen ist, dass eine Versicherheitlichung von deutschen entwicklungspolitisch tätigen NROs durchaus stattfindet, NROs selbst aber hohe Handlungsspielräume besitzen, dieser entgegenzuwirken, da es kaum institutionellen Druck hin zur Kooperation mit der Bundeswehr gibt. Den größten Einfluss auf Versicherheitlichung besitzen die von den NROs selbst definierten Faktoren Soziale Legitimität und Zielkonsistenz. Die Dissertation exemplifiziert eine systematische Messbarkeit von Versicherheitlichung jenseits der Diskursanalyse und stellt drei NRO-Handlungstypen heraus, die für weitere Forschungen nutzbar sind.:Kapitel 1 - Einführung: Ohne Sicherheit keine Entwicklung? S. 4 Kapitel 2 - Theoretische Grundlagen und Forschungsstand S. 12 2.1 Begriffserläuterungen S. 13 2.1.1 Versicherheitlichung S. 13 2.1.2 Entwicklungspolitische Nichtregierungsorganisationen (NROs) S. 19 2.2 Sicherheits- und Entwicklungspolitik als Spannungs- und Beziehungsfeld S. 24 2.2.1 Sicherheit als Thema der Entwicklungspolitik S. 25 2.2.1.1 Strategisch-operative Veränderungen im historischen Kontext S. 25 2.2.1.2 „Menschliche Sicherheit“ als neuer Bezugsrahmen S. 29 2.2.2 Entwicklung als Thema der Sicherheitspolitik S. 33 2.2.2.1 Theoretisch-konzeptionelle Veränderungen der Sicherheitspolitik S.33 2.2.2.2 Strategisch-operative Veränderungen im historischen Kontext S. 39 2.2.3 NRO-Positionen zu Militärkooperationen und Handlungsstrategien in Afghanistan S. 44 2.2.4 Versicherheitlichungsstrategien der Bundeswehr in Afghanistan S. 52 2.3 Die organisationssoziologische Perspektive auf Versicherheitlichung bei NROs S. 58 2.3.1 Theorie-Entwicklungen zu organisationalem Wandel und Verhalten S. 59 2.3.2 Neoinstitutionalistische Forschungsprogramme zu Organisationsverhalten S. 68 2.3.2.1 Makro-Meso-Perspektive: Einfluss der institutionellen Umwelt S. 69 2.3.2.2 Mikro-Perspektive: Akteurszentriertes Handeln S. 76 2.3.2.3 Mikro-Makro-Perspektive: Strategisches organisationales Handeln S. 81 2.4 Zusammenfassung und Analyserahmen der Forschung S. 87 Kapitel 3 – Forschungsdesign S. 102 3.1 Methodischer Rahmen S. 102 3.2 Fallauswahl S. 107 3.3 Datenerhebung S. 114 3.4 Datenanalyse S. 119 Kapitel 4 - Versicherheitlichung und Wirkungszusammenhänge – eine empirische Analyse S. 128 4.1 Charakteristika der ausgewählten NROs S. 129 4.2 Versicherheitlichte NRO-Arbeit? S. 137 4.2.1 NGO1: Pragmatisch kooperierend S. 138 4.2.2 NGO2: Diplomatisch begrenzend S. 154 4.2.3 NGO3: Normativ ablehnend S. 167 4.2.4 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und Vergleich der drei NROs S. 177 4.3 Wirkungszusammenhänge der Versicherheitlichung im Vergleich S. 183 4.3.1 Bedingungen der Versicherheitlichung S. 184 4.3.1.1 Zustimmung zur zivil-militärischen Zusammenarbeit S. 185 4.3.1.2 Teilen des Bedrohungspostulates S. 201 4.3.1.3 Befolgen der Sicherheitsstrategien S. 216 4.3.1.4 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse und Vergleich der NROs S. 46 4.3.2 Einflussfaktoren für eine Versicherheitlichung S. 254 4.3.2.1 Soziale Legitimität als Grund S. 254 4.3.2.2 Ökonomischer Nutzen als Grund S. 269 4.3.2.3 Abhängigkeit von externen Anspruchsgruppen S. 275 4.3.2.4 Vielfalt externer Anspruchsgruppen S. 291 4.3.2.5 Inhaltliche Ziele S. 305 4.3.2.6 Inhaltliche Beschränkungen S. 316 4.3.2.7 Ungewissheit hinsichtlich der organisationalen Umwelt S. 322 4.3.2.8 Verbindung mit der institutionalisierten Bezugswelt S. 336 4.3.2.9 Kontrolle: Legaler Zwang und Verbreitung S. 343 4.3.2.10 Zusammenfassung der Ergebnisse S. 352 Kapitel 5 – Schlussfolgerungen S. 372 5.1 Versicherheitlichung und Wirkungszusammenhänge bei deutschen NROs S. 372 5.2 Reflexion der verwendeten Theorien und Hypothesen S. 376 5.3 Schluss und Ausblick S. 84 I Abkürzungsverzeichnis S. 386 II Abbildungs- und Tabellenverzeichnis S. 388 III Literaturverzeichnis S. 390
435

Komparace civilních kapacit stabilizačních a rekonstrukčních misí EU a USA (případ Afghánistánu) / Comparison of EU and US civilian capacities for the stabilization and reconstruction (the case of Afghanistan)

Kratochvílová, Eva January 2011 (has links)
CIZOJAZYČNÉ RESUMÉ/SUMMARY In this diploma thesis "Comparison of EU and US civilian capacities for the stabilization and reconstruction (the case of Afghanistan)" deals with the problematic of civilian capacities for stabilization and reconstruction missions on the case of the two main actors, the USA and the European Union. Under this objective I analyzed the institutional, functional and also financial aspects of these capacities as well as the dynamics of their development in time. The first chapter deals with the definition of the stabilization and reconstruction missions, it explains its general rules which are supposed to be fulfilled. These crosscutting principles (clearly defined goals, activities with long-acting impact, host nation ownership and capacity, reinforcement of local institutions, divide of the resources according to local needs, cooperation with other governments, donors, NGO's, private sector and universities, principle of flexibility, rule of accountability and transparency) were defined in order to be applied in the last chapter on the evaluation and analysis of the case of Afghanistan's stabilization and reconstruction missions. For the aim of the final comparison, the second and third chapters are dedicated to the EU and USA development of the civilian stabilization and...
436

Bushova administrativa a Pakistán: utilitární spolupráce? / The Bush Administration and Pakistan: Utilitarian Partnership?

Zábranský, Richard January 2013 (has links)
Pakistan is a poor and aid-dependent state but it is also the only Muslim state armed with nuclear weapons. In the late 1990s, Pakistan had to deal with economic and technological sanctions from the U.S., which punished Islamabad for its nuclear aspirations and military coup d'état in fall of 1999. The India-Pakistan rivalry is crucial aspect that impacts the U.S.-Pakistan cooperation. After 9/11, Pakistani president Musharraf was concerned that the U.S. could turn their attention to India, thus strengthening the cooperation with Pakistan's rival. The terrorist attacks of 9/11 changed the national security environment and Washington had to adapt, so it could more effectively respond to newly emerging threats. Rise of strategic importance of Pakistan was a result of the U.S. hunt for Al-Qaeda and subsequent war in Afghanistan, as Americans needed to assure access to Afghanistan, logistical support for American forces, intelligence information about situation in Afghanistan and Pakistan's border regions. However, U.S.-Pakistan cooperation was influenced by divergent national security priorities. Keywords Pakistan, USA, Musharraf, Bush, U.S. support, strategy, Taliban, Al-Qaeda, assistance, 9/11 Rozsah práce: 122 928 znaků
437

Afghánistán - demokratizace v bojových podmínkách / Afghanistan - Demoratization in War Conditions

Chroboková, Radka January 2014 (has links)
The diploma thesis describes theory of Samuel Huntington about the clash of civilizations. Its focus is on the clash between Islam and the West. The thesis describes also history of Afghanistan until 2001 and the fall of the Taliban movement. In accordance with Huntington's thesis, and taking into account his critics, it aims to answer the question, whether there is a clash of civilization in Afghanistan. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
438

Spojené státy americké a protipovstalecký boj: Afghánistán / United States of America and counterinsurgency: Afghanistan

Petráš, Vojtěch January 2014 (has links)
Counterinsurgency warfare has had an ambiguous position in the American military tradition. After the Vietnam experience, the population-control-oriented doctrine of David Galula was almost forgotten. Current war of the United States of America in Afghanistan turned out to be a conflict where application of the doctrine comes in question. It is codified in the 2006 FM 3-24 counterinsurgency manual. The author of the thesis Spojené státy americké a protipovstalecký boj: Afghánistán asks a question whether the behavior of American armed forces in Afghanistan was in compliance with the COIN doctrine of David Galula. The author looks at the conflict through lens of Galula's eight counterinsurgency steps, as defined in his book Counterinsurgency Warfare: Theory and Practice. The author of the thesis looks for factors that could influence fulfilment of the steps and he gives the factors in perspective with American strategic culture, as defined in the thesis. The analysis shows that the fulfilment of Galula's eight steps has never occurred. Traditional military thinking partially locked successful adaptation of American armed forces to the environment of Afghanistan. However, the author comes to the discovery that in terms of strategic culture, there were some shifts in Afghanistan.
439

Vliv interakce lokálních a mezinárodních aktérů na hybridizaci míru v průběhu a po skončení procesu post-konfliktního peacebuildingu / The Impact of Interaction between Local and International Actors on Peace Hybridization during and after the Post-conflict Peace-building Process

Knapová, Martina January 2016 (has links)
The thesis based on analysis of international community peacebuilding policy and consequent reaction by local actors assesses the influence of this interaction onto the liberal peace and changes in missions' operation. In accordance with O. Richmond the conclusion of post-liberal peace coming to the fore is accepted if only in contextually based forms. The extent of local ownership and the real agency of local actors is then dependent on the time of mission occurrence, power related interests of international community and the force and accessibility of structures that the international community tries to influence. Key words: peacebuilding, hybridization, local ownership, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Afghanistan, Sierra Leone
440

Ett svenskt strategiskt narrativ – en humanitär eller militär aktör? En kvalitativ studie som belyser identitetsnarrativ kring internationella militära insatser efter kalla kriget.

Ahlstedt, Stina January 2021 (has links)
No description available.

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