Orientador: Luziane Ferreira de Mendonça / Dissertação ( mestrado profissional) - Universidade Estadual de Campionas, Instituto de Matemática, Estatística e Computação Científica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-17T15:32:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Tavora_RogerioCarvalhoMendes_M.pdf: 4616708 bytes, checksum: 3a393a830c9e1127f5694b0a56d9fcd9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: Comemorando os 200 anos de Academia Militar no Brasil a partir de março de 2011, estão previstas várias implementações e melhorias na estrutura de visitação da AMAN que, consequentemente, vão gerar um aumento substancial no número de grupos visitantes no ano de seu bicentenário. Diante dos fatos percebe-se a necessidade de um modelo matemático eficiente cuja finalidade seja permitir aos grupos visitantes percorrerem trajetos otimizados, ou seja, que passem pelos pontos principais de visitação no menor tempo e distância possíveis. O modelo matemático a ser adotado neste trabalho é o Problema do Caixeiro Viajante (Traveling Salesman Problem - TSP), um clássico da Otimização Combinatória pertencente 'a classe de problemas NP - difícil, que já possui eficientes algoritmos desenvolvidos. Serão utilizadas heurísticas próprias para a resolução do TSP com o intuito de se obter numericamente itinerários ótimos de visitação, considerando os diferentes grupos visitantes e suas dificuldades de acesso, dentre outras particularidades. / Abstract: Celebrating 200 years of the Military Academy in Brazil from March 2011, provides a lot of implementations and improvements in the structure of visitation of AMAN, consequently, will generate substantial growth in the number of visiting groups in the year of its bicentennial. Given the facts we see the need for an efficient mathematical model whose purpose is to allow visitors to wander paths optimized groups, ie passing through the main points of visitation in the shortest possible time and distance. The mathematical model to be adopted in this work is TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem - TSP), a classic combinatorial optimization class of problems NP - hard, that have already efficient algorithms. We will use own heuristics for solving the TSP in order to obtain numerically optimal routes for visitors, considering the various visiting groups and their difficulties of access, among other features. / Mestrado / Mestre em Matemática

Orientador: Athanase Billis / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-09T07:48:22Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Guimaraes_MarbeleSantos_M.pdf: 9766799 bytes, checksum: 89baad38db3ebd410ea20926179eb1b9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007 / Resumo: Há evidências mostrando que a graduação de Gleason para carcinoma da próstata é um dos mais importantes fatores prognósticos de comportamento biológico e um dos mais influentes fatores para determinar o tratamento do câncer da próstata. Este trabalho tem por finalidade comparar: a graduação de Gleason nas biópsias de agulha com a graduação nas prostatectomias radicais correspondentes; correlacionar a graduação de Gleason nas biópsias de agulha com a extensão tumoral nas prostatectomias radicais correspondentes; correlacionar a graduação de Gleason na prostatetomia radical com extensão tumoral, margens cirúrgicas comprometidas e estádio patológico; e, comparar a progressão bioquímica (PSA) da moléstia (recorrência e/ou metástase) pós-prostatectomia radical entre pacientes com: Gleason grau baixo/intermediário (contagem final < 7) vs grau alto (contagem final=7); contagem final 3+4 vs 4+3; e, grau predominante 4 ou 5 vs grau predominante menor que 4. Trata-se de um estudo retrospectivo baseado em 200 espécimes de prostatectomias radicais e de biópsias correspondentes provenientes de pacientes operados no Hospital das Clínicas da FCM-Unicamp no período de 1997 a 2004. A extensão tumoral foi estimada por um método semiquantitativo de contagem de pontos. A progressão bioquímica (recorrência e/ou metástase) da moléstia pós-prostatectomia radical estabelecida pelo Serviço de Urologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Unicamp é o valor de PSA igual ou maior que 0,5 ng/mL. Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente utilizando Statistica 5.5 (StatSoft,Inc., Tulsa, OK, USA). Foi considerado significante o valor de p =0,05. Houve exata correspondência em 47,1% dos casos quando comparada contagem final de Gleason na biópsia de agulha com a contagem final na prostatectomia correspondente. A contagem de Gleason foi subestimada em 40,6% dos casos e superestimada em 12,3% nas biópsias de agulha. A correlação entre contagem final de Gleason nas biópsias de agulha com a extensão tumoral nas prostatectomias radicais correspondentes mostrou-se altamente significante (p<0.001). A correlação da graduação histológica de Gleason na prostatectomia radical foi altamente significante com extensão tumoral (p<0,001), margens cirúrgicas positivas (p<0,001) e estádio patológico (p<0,001). O tempo de recorrência bioquímica (PSA) livre de doença comparando pacientes com Gleason contagem final < 7 vs contagem final >7 (log-rank, p=0,2674); contagem final 3+4 vs 4+3 (log-rank, p=0. 3207); e, grau predominante 4 ou 5 vs grau predominante menor que 4 (log-rank, p=0,1759) não foi estatisticamente significante. Contagens finais maiores na graduação de Gleason na prostatetomia radical se correlacionam com maior extensão tumoral, margens cirúrgicas comprometidas e estádio patológico mais avançado. A maioria dos pacientes mostraram igual ou maior contagem final comparando a contagem final de Gleason na prostatectomia com a biópsia de agulha correspondente. Em nosso estudo, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante em relação à progressão bioquímica quando comparados contagem final <7 vs =7, contagem final 3+4=7 vs 4+3=7 e grau predominante <4 vs =4. predominante 4 ou 5 vs grau predominante menor que 4 (log-rank, p=0,1759) não foi estatisticamente significante / Abstract: There are evidences showing that Gleason grading of prostatic adenocarcinoma is one of the most powerful predictors of biological behavior and one of the most influential factors used to determine treatment for prostate cancer. The aim of the current report was to compare Gleason score on needle biopsy to Gleason score in the correspondent surgical specimen, correlate Gleason score on needle biopsy to tumor extent in surgical specimen, correlate Gleason score in the specimens to several clinicopathologic variables, and compare biochemical (PSA) progression following surgery between patients with Gleason low-grade vs high-grade, Gleason score 3+4 vs 4+3 and Gleason predominant grade <4 or >4. The study population consisted of 200 consecutive patients submitted to radical prostatectomy. Tumor extent was evaluated by a point-count method. Biochemical progression was defined as PSA = 0.5ng/mL. Time to PSA progression was studied using the Kaplan-Meier product-limit analysis. There was exact correspondence in 47.1% of cases, when Gleason score on the biopsy was compared to the correspondent surgical specimen. Gleason score was higher in the specimen in 40.6% of cases and lower in 12.3%. High-grade Gleason score on the biopsy significantly correlated to higher tumor extent (p<0.001). High-grade Gleason score in the surgical specimen significantly correlated to more extensive tumors (p<0.001), positive margins (p<0.001) and extraprostatic extension (pT3a/pT3b) (p<0.001). Time of biochemical (PSA) progression-free survival comparing patients with Gleason score <7 vs =7 (log-rank, p=0.2674), Gleason score 3+4=7 vs 4+3=7 (log-rank, p=0.3207) and Gleason predominant grade <4 vs >4 (log-rank, p=0.1759) was not statistically significant. High-grade Gleason score significantly correlates with more extensive tumors in the surgical specimen, positive margins, and more advanced pathologic staging. Most of the patients show either an exact Gleason score or a higher score in the surgical specimen comparing to the needle biopsy. In our study, time of biochemical (PSA) progression-free survival between patients with Gleason score <7 vs =7, Gleason score 3+4=7 vs 4+3=7 and Gleason predominant grade <4 or >4 was not statistically significant / Mestrado / Anatomia Patologica / Mestre em Ciências Médicas

Magister Philosophiae - MPhil / The principle aim of this study was to gain insights into the perceptions of the people living in the Cape Agulhas Area of South Africa on the issues of small-scale fishing and the historical claims to fishing rights of the communities living in the fishing villages of Struisbaai and Waenhuiskrans. A further aim was to identify the gap between knowledge and the implementation of fishing rights policies by analysing existing policies on small-scale fishing and thereby identifying possible lessons and guidelines for policy formulation. Key focus areas were the historical recollections of people, their knowledge of past, current and proposed fishing legislation and their opinions, recommendations and guidelines regarding new and proposed policies. A qualitative framework was used for this study, using key informants and the taking of life histories. The two fishing communities served as case studies and life histories were documented using semi-structured interviews. The study drew on previous research in historical practices and indigenous knowledge systems and special attention was given to scientific and archaeological research. The policy processes from 1994 to the present were described and themes were identified in the literature and the life histories. The study found that many of the methods used in earlier years is still used today, passed over from generation to generation. / South Africa

As the estimated market demand for the Agulhas sole Austroglossus pectoralis exceeds the annual catch from trawlers, this species is a potential aquaculture candidate. Broodstock conditioning and gamete preservation is part of research and development aiming at establishing a breeding protocol for a new aquaculture species. Based on a literature review of the morphology of pleuronectiform spermatozoa, this study was designed firstly, to contribute to the field of spermatozoan morphology by describing the ultrastructure of A. pectoralis spermatozoa. This was followed by an experiment to cryopreserve mature spermatozoa to provide baseline data for future studies on this and related species. The testis of A. pectoralis was a paired structure encased in a membrane, the tunica albuginea. The primary testis was located on the dorsal surface of the rib cage and the secondary testis on the ventral side. The testis was of an unrestricted spermatogonial type, based upon observations of spermatogonia along the entire length of the lobule. Mature spermatozoa of A. pectoralis had an acrosome-free ovoid head 1.68 ± 1.6μm in length and 1.7 ± 1.6μm in diameter, a short mid-piece of 0.5 ± 0.1μm in length, containing 7 irregularly shaped mitochondria forming a ring-like structure at the base of the nucleus. The flagellae were 47.4 ± 4.8μm in length, most with two plasma membrane lateral fin-like projections. However, some flagellae had either zero or three lateral fin projections. Cross-sections of the flagellae showed an axenome with a 9+2 microtubule configuration. The proximal and distal centriols were coaxal, situated deep within the nuclear fossa. The structure of A. pectoralis spermatozoa conformed to the type 1 ect-aquasperm, also found in externally fertilizing species. This type has been suggested to be the plesiomorphic form in Neopterigians. Finally, this study contributed to a cryopreservation protocol for A. pectoralis spermatozoa by testing the two cryoprotectants dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) and glycerol. Glycerol, at a concentration of 10%, offered better cryoprotection than DMSO. This was established using flow cytometry analysis of post-thaw nuclear membrane integrity after 64 days of storage in liquid nitrogen. The toxicity of DMSO to isolated cellular proteins may have resulted in DMSO-treated sperm having the highest percent (35.2% ± 3.2%) of non-viable cells compared with 23.0% ± 2.5% and 27.8% ± 3.4% for glycerol and the control, respectively. The presence of sucrose in the Modified Mounib Medium extender solution may explain why 45.5% ± 5% of the sperm cells were potentially viable in the control treatment. Initially, the white margined sole Dagatichthys marginatus (Soleidae) was selected as the most suitable candidate for flatfish aquaculture in South Africa. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the cryogenic potential and ultrastructure of D. marginatus spermatozoa. However, due to a skewed sex ratio, there were not enough males available to study this species. A skewed sex ratio is common amongst soleids, thus, the need to develop effective cryopreservation methods and to develop an understanding of sperm morphology so that the best time for cryopreservation can be chosen. In conclusion, this first description of spermatozan morphology of A. pectoralis contributed to our understanding of soleid sperm ultrastructure. In addition, a comparison of testis appearance between fish sampled just prior to spawning season and fish with mature sperm provided information on the spawning season of this species. The findings from the cryopreservation experiment suggested that glycerol was a feasible cryoprotectant for this species when sperm was prepared under field conditions.

Study project (MS en S)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The purpose of this study is to determine a framework for integrated and sustainable development in the Cape Agulhas area. The researcher focussed on the policy context and the opportunities and constraints for development in the study area. The relevant policy documents concerning development activities in the study area, were analysed. These policies contain key concepts for development. This includes concepts such as sustainable development, equity, public participation, Co-operative Governance and integrated coastal management. Development must aim to realise these concepts and the policies prescribe processes and procedures accordingly. Firstly, coastal management and control is necessary because coastal areas are multidimensional and vulnerable to development activities. Secondly, the inequalities in society as a result of Apartheid must be demolished. Legislation must prescribe active measures to promote equality. Lastly, coastal management and control is necessary to promote cooperation between the different participants for development and to enforce it, if necessary. The main participants for the study areas are Co-operative Governance, the private sector and the local community. The Overberg Distriiet Municipality and the Cape Agulhas Municipality are of utmost importance. Municipalities have been identified as the facilitators for development at local level. They must bring together the different participants for development to co-operative and integrate development actions. Legislation prescribes Integrated Development Planning (IDP) to promote co-operation and integration between participants. It is a strategic planning process and integration is the essence of the process. The IDP process for Cape Agulhas Municipality contains a number of mechanisms for public participation. Opportunities and constrains for development in study area also determine which development activities will be possible or not possible. The unique vegetation presents opportunities for tourism but constrains development because it must be conserved as well. The wildflower industry also offers economic opportunities. Marine resources present opportunities for example fishing and abalone farming. Tourism however is the industry with the greatest development potential for the study area. It can serve as catalyst for the development of the region as a whole. The socio-economic reality of communities in the area and the insufficient physical infrastructure are the main constraining factors for development. The case study focuses on the development priorities for Struisbay/L' Agulhas according to the IDP and the Agulhas CoastCare Project. It is an example of the projects in the study area with the aim to realise the development priorities mentioned above. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van die studie is om 'n raamwerk vas te stel vir geïntegreerde en volhoubare ontwikkeling in die Kaap Agulhas gebied. Die navorser het gefokus op die beleidskonteks en die geleenthede en beperkinge vir ontwikkeling in die studiegebied. Die relevante beleidsdokumente rakende ontwikkelingsaktiwiteite in die studiegebied, is ontleed. Hierdie beleide bevat sleutelkonsepte vir ontwikkeling. Dit sluit konsepte in soos volhoubare ontwikkeling, gelykheid, publieke deelname, Regering van Samewerking en geïntegreerde kusbestuur. Hierdie konsepte moet nagestreef word en die beleide skryf prosesse en prosedures voor in die verband. Kusbestuur en kontrole is eerstens nodig omdat kusgebiede multi-dimensioneel is en kwesbaar is vir ontwikkelingsaktiwiteite. Tweedens salongelykhede in die samelewing as gevolg van Apartheid nie vanself uitgewis word nie. Wetgewing moet aktiewe stappe voorskryf om gelykheid te bevorder. Laastens is kusbestuur en kontrole nodig om samewerking tussen die verskillende rolspelers in ontwikkeling aan te moedig en af te dwing indien nodig. Die hoof rolspelers vir die studiegebied is die Regering van Samewerking, privaatsektor en die plaaslike gemeenskap. Die Overberg Distriksmunisipaliteit en die Kaap Agulhas Munisipaliteit is veral belangrik. Munisipaliteite is geïdentifiseer as fasiliteerders vir ontwikkeling op plaaslike vlak. Hulle moet die verskillende rolspelers vir ontwikkeling bymekaar bring om samewerking en integrasie van ontwikkelingsaksies te bevorder. Geïntegreerde Ontwikkelingsbeplanning (GOP) word deur wetgewing voorgeskryf om samewerking en integrasie tussen rolspelers te bevorder. Dit is 'n strategiese beplanningsproses met integrasie wat die kern van die proses vorm. In die GOP proses vir Kaap Agulhas Munisipaliteit is 'n aantal meganismes vir publieke deelname vasgestel. Geleenthede en beperkinge vir ontwikkeling in die studiegebied bepaalook in 'n groot mate watter ontwikkelingsaktiwiteite moontlik sal wees en watter nie. Die unieke plantegroei hou geleenthede in vir toerisme, maar beperk ook ontwikkeling deurdat ditbewaar moet word. Die Veldblomindustrie bied ekonomiese geleenthede. Mariene hulpbronne bied ook geleenthede byvoorbeeld visindustrie en perlemoenboerdery. Toerisme is egter die industrie wat die grootste ontwikkelingspotensiaal inhou vir die studiegebied. Dit kan dien as katalisator vir die ontwikkeling van die gebied as geheel. Die sosio-ekonomiese realiteite van gemeenskappe in die gebied en die gebrekkige fisiese infrastruktuur is die hoofbeperkende faktore vir ontwikkeling. Die gevallestudie fokus op StruisbaaiIL'Agulhas se ontwikkelingsprioriteite uit die GOP, asook die Agulhas CoastCare Projek. Dit is 'n voorbeeld van die projekte in die studiegebied met die doelom die bogenoemde ontwikkelingsprioriteite te realiseer.

Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Oceanography in the Faculty of Applied Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology / In order to validate remote sensing products and to provide data for model assimilation, a real-time monitoring line consisting of three moorings was deployed across the Agulhas Current off Port Edward, South Africa. This deployment formed part of a Technology and Human Resource for Industry Programme (THRIP) funded initiative to develop a real-time mooring system capable of measuring ocean parameters in the Agulhas Current during 2011. The slope and offshore moorings displayed a distinct stratified regime within the Agulhas Current, a northeastward flowing Agulhas Undercurrent and the southwestward flowing Agulhas Current. Three major reversal events, with northeastward currents occurred on 23 July, 02 September and on 11 October 2011. All current reversals caused a decrease in current velocity. The Agulhas Undercurrent was a persistent feature and average velocities between the line of moorings ranged between 13.38 cm/s and 15.52 cm/s. The results obtained from the mooring systems were consistent in terms of velocity, direction and hydrographic properties of the Agulhas Current as described in previous literature. The low directional variability in the surface layers at the offshore mooring and dominant southwestward flow, except during reversal events indicate the strong influence of the Agulhas Current in this region. The inshore mooring showed less occurrences of the Agulhas Undercurrent if northward flow in the bottom layers was to be considered as signs of the Agulhas Undercurrent. General current characteristics as well as the characterisation of the mesoscale features affecting the coast off Port Edward was accomplished through the use of the in situ moorings. All current reversals encountered were associated with the process of vortex shedding from the Natal Bight. These events may be related to the shedding of the Durban Cyclonic Eddy from its origin in the Natal Bight. Data from the offshore mooring suggested that for monitoring Agulhas Current core dynamics, it was ideally placed as highest surface velocities were measured by this mooring system. The slope mooring recorded highest velocities within the Agulhas Undercurrent and was thus ideally placed to measure the Agulhas Undercurrent’s core. Shelf dynamics were under the influence of the Agulhas Current and northerly current reversals and were aptly recorded by the inshore mooring which was placed on the continental shelf, close to the shelf break.

Atualmente, a avaliação do clima organizacional tem sido considerada importante ferramenta de gestão nas instituições de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o clima organizacional e a sua relação com a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho com material perfurocortante entre os profissionais de enfermagem em um hospital público de média complexidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritivo e transversal. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a versão validada e adaptada para o contexto brasileiro do Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) - Short Form, denominada Questionário de Atitudes de Segurança - QAS. Por meio do QAS foi possível avaliar a percepção dos trabalhadores acerca do clima de trabalho em equipe, clima de segurança, satisfação profissional, percepção do estresse, ações da gerência quanto às questões de segurança e as condições de trabalho. As respostas foram dadas por meio da escala Likert de cinco pontos e o processamento e a análise dos dados foram realizados com o auxílio do programa Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), versão 17.0. Para relacionar o clima organizacional com a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, inicialmente, foi realizado levantamento junto ao Serviço Especializado de Medicina e Segurança do Trabalho - SESMT dos registros de acidentes de trabalho ocorridos no período 2008-2014 e foram identificados os trabalhadores de enfermagem vítimas desses acidentes. Após este levantamento, foram constituídos dois grupos: Grupo 1 - profissionais de enfermagem que sofreram acidentes de trabalho envolvendo perfurocortantes; Grupo 2 - profissionais de enfermagem que não sofreram acidente de trabalho com perfurocortantes. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva com testes de comparação entre as variáveis dos grupos. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 116 participantes, técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros atuantes em unidades de internação hospitalar, sendo o Grupo 1 composto por 21 participantes e o Grupo 2 composto por 95 participantes. Predominaram participantes do sexo feminino, técnicos de enfermagem e profissionais com cinco a 10 anos de atuação na instituição. A percepção dos participantes quanto ao clima organizacional foi considerada desfavorável; no entanto, foi considerada satisfação no trabalho pela maioria dos participantes. Os resultados não indicaram relação direta entre o clima organizacional e a ocorrência de acidentes com perfurocortante, mas foi possível observar que o grupo que não sofreu acidentes apresentou maior satisfação no trabalho. Considera-se que este estudo permitiu ampliar o conhecimento acerca da percepção de profissionais de enfermagem sobre o clima organizacional, contribuindo para a discussão sobre formas de melhoria da assistência segura, de redução de eventos adversos e sobre a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem / Recently, evaluation of organizational climate has been considered an important management tool in health institutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the organizational climate and its relationship with the occurrence of accidents with needlestick materials among nursing professionals in a public hospital of medium complexity in the state of São Paulo. It is a study of quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectoral approach. The instrument Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) was used - Short Form, 2006, validated and adapted version for the Portuguese language (Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - QAS). Through the areas of QAS was possible to assess attitudes about the working environment in staff, safety climate, job satisfaction, perceived stress, management actions regarding safety issues and working conditions. The answers were given by Likert scale of five points, processing and data analysis was performed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. To relate the organizational climate with the occurrence of accidents with sharps survey was carried out by the Specialized Service of Medicine and Safety - SESMT with records of work accidents in the period 2008-2014 and workers were identified nursing victims of these accidents. Constituted two groups: Group 1 - nursing professionals who were victims of work accidents involving sharps; Group 2 - nursing professionals who did not undergo occupational accidents with needlestick during the study period. After conformal groups, the data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics with correlation tests between the variables of the groups in order to analyze possible relationship between accidents and the adoption of safety measures by the professional. The study sample consisted of 116 participants, nursing technicians and nurses working in hospital units. Group 1 consisted of 21 participants and Group 2 consists of 95 participants. Predominated female participants, nursing technicians and professionals with five to 10 years of experience in this institution. The perception of the participants about the organizational climate was considered unfavorable, however it was observed that job satisfaction was evidenced by most of the participants, demonstrating how they feel during the exercise of the profession in this institution. On the relationship between organizational climate and the occurrence of accidents with needlestick materials, the results indicated no direct relationship between organizational climate and the occurrence of such accidents, however it was observed that the group that did not suffer sharps injuries was the group that presented greater job satisfaction. Thus, this study promotes the opportunity to meet the professionals\' perception of the organizational climate and can contribute to improvement of safe care, reduce adverse events and improve the quality of patient care

A terapia fotodinâmica (TFD) é uma técnica não invasiva usada no tratamento de lesões de pele, como câncer basocelular, queratose actínica, e doença de Bowen, dentre outros. Basicamente, a combinação da administração de um fotossensibilizador (FS), com a irradiação de luz adequada e o oxigênio celular, gera uma série de reações oxidativas que provocam a morte do tecido. Contudo, o principal efeito colateral desta terapia é a fotossensibilidade prolongada ocasionada pela administração de fotossensibilizadores sistêmicos. Por outro lado, a via tópica não apresenta esta limitação, pois o tratamento é realizado no local da lesão através de pró-drogas. O ácido aminolevulínico, ALA, está entre as pró-drogas mais utilizadas para indução do acúmulo do agente fotossensível na pele, a protoporfirina IX, ou PpIX. Contudo, a via tópica não permite penetração suficiente e homogênea do creme para o tratamento de lesões espessas. Visando a melhoria da TFD, foram realizados estudos in vivo e in vitro. Nos estudos in vivo, técnicas mecânicas - rolos de microagulhas, tape stripping e injeção livre de agulhas foram estudadas buscando encontrar a mais eficiente nos quesitos de: promoção da penetração da pró-droga no tecido, distribuição homogênea e de indução do acúmulo de PpIX. Para isto, foi o utilizado o modelo porcino, in vivo, conhecido como o modelo que possui a pele mais similar à pele humana. Os resultados in vivo mostram que as técnicas têm resultados similares na produção de PpIX e na distribuição de porfirina mais homogênea na superfície. Além disso, todas as técnicas estudadas in vivo têm se destacado em promover uma entrega mais homogênea de ALA também na profundidade da pele quando comparadas ao grupo controle. Nos estudos in vitro, foram examinadas possíveis diferenças na capacidade de formação da PpIX e/ou de resistência de células ao tratamento por TFD entre células expressando diferentes características de transição epitélio-mesenquimal. Os resultados in vitro indicam que as células com características epitélio-mesenquimal mais acentuadas produzem mais PpIX e são mais responsivas à TFD. Estes resultados indicam que a TFD tem maior efetividade no tratamento de células mesenquimais, e os estudos in vivo mostram que no tecido normal há maior seletividade de produção na camada da epiderme e apêndices da pele sugerindo que a terapia pode ser utilizada com maior eficiência em lesões superficiais e, até mesmo diminuir as taxas de recorrência devido a heterogeneidade de distribuição do creme na pele quando umas das técnicas mecânicas são utilizadas. / Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a noninvasive technique used to treat skin lesions, such as basal cell cancer, actinic keratosis and Bowen\'s disease. Basically, the administration of a photosensitizer (PS), combined with the illumination of adequate light and the cellular oxygen, generate a series of oxidative reactions that cause tissue death. However, the major side effect of the treatment is prolonged photosensitivity caused by the systemic administration of photosensitizers. On the other hand, the topical therapy does not show this limitation, and it is performed at the lesion site via prodrugs. The aminolevulinic acid, ALA, is the most popular pro-drug in topical PDT. This prodrug induces PpIX production that is a photosensitive porphyrin. However, when ALA is used topically, the cream does not provide enough or homogeneous penetration for the treatment of deep lesions. Therefore, with the aim of improving PDT therapy, studies in vivo and in vitro were performed. In the in vivo analysis, mechanical techniques - microneedle roller, tape stripping, and needle-free injection- were studied looking for the most effective regarding to improve the following purposes: promoting penetration of the prodrug into the tissue, homogeneous distribution, and at inducing PpIX accumulation. The evaluations were made by fluorescence spectroscopy, biopsy of skin, and fluorescence images, using the porcine model, in vivo, known as the most similar of human skin tissue. The in vivo results showed that all techniques have similar results in the production of PpIX, and perform a more homogeneous porphyrin distribution in the skin surface. Moreover, all the techniques have excelled in promoting a homogeneous distribution of PpIX in the deep of the skin when compared to the control group. In addition to the skin penetration, studies of PpIX production were performed in vitro in cells expressing different levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition characteristics. The studies were made in regard to a possible difference in PpIX formation capacity and / or a resistance to the PDT treatment. The in vitro results showed that cells with more epithelial-mesenchymal characteristics produce more PpIX and are more responsive to the PDT therapy. These results indicate that PDT therapy may have a better effectiveness in the treatment of mesenchymal cells and also the results in vivo showed that the ALA-induced PpIX in normal tissue seems to be selective to epidermal and skin appendages, indicating that the topical therapy may be used with a higher efficiency in superficial injuries providing lower recurrence rates when they combine with one of the techniques studied.

Atualmente, a avaliação do clima organizacional tem sido considerada importante ferramenta de gestão nas instituições de saúde. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o clima organizacional e a sua relação com a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho com material perfurocortante entre os profissionais de enfermagem em um hospital público de média complexidade do interior do Estado de São Paulo. Trata-se de um estudo de abordagem quantitativa, descritivo e transversal. Para a coleta de dados, foi utilizada a versão validada e adaptada para o contexto brasileiro do Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) - Short Form, denominada Questionário de Atitudes de Segurança - QAS. Por meio do QAS foi possível avaliar a percepção dos trabalhadores acerca do clima de trabalho em equipe, clima de segurança, satisfação profissional, percepção do estresse, ações da gerência quanto às questões de segurança e as condições de trabalho. As respostas foram dadas por meio da escala Likert de cinco pontos e o processamento e a análise dos dados foram realizados com o auxílio do programa Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS), versão 17.0. Para relacionar o clima organizacional com a ocorrência de acidentes de trabalho, inicialmente, foi realizado levantamento junto ao Serviço Especializado de Medicina e Segurança do Trabalho - SESMT dos registros de acidentes de trabalho ocorridos no período 2008-2014 e foram identificados os trabalhadores de enfermagem vítimas desses acidentes. Após este levantamento, foram constituídos dois grupos: Grupo 1 - profissionais de enfermagem que sofreram acidentes de trabalho envolvendo perfurocortantes; Grupo 2 - profissionais de enfermagem que não sofreram acidente de trabalho com perfurocortantes. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio de estatística descritiva com testes de comparação entre as variáveis dos grupos. A amostra do estudo foi constituída por 116 participantes, técnicos de enfermagem e enfermeiros atuantes em unidades de internação hospitalar, sendo o Grupo 1 composto por 21 participantes e o Grupo 2 composto por 95 participantes. Predominaram participantes do sexo feminino, técnicos de enfermagem e profissionais com cinco a 10 anos de atuação na instituição. A percepção dos participantes quanto ao clima organizacional foi considerada desfavorável; no entanto, foi considerada satisfação no trabalho pela maioria dos participantes. Os resultados não indicaram relação direta entre o clima organizacional e a ocorrência de acidentes com perfurocortante, mas foi possível observar que o grupo que não sofreu acidentes apresentou maior satisfação no trabalho. Considera-se que este estudo permitiu ampliar o conhecimento acerca da percepção de profissionais de enfermagem sobre o clima organizacional, contribuindo para a discussão sobre formas de melhoria da assistência segura, de redução de eventos adversos e sobre a qualidade da assistência de enfermagem / Recently, evaluation of organizational climate has been considered an important management tool in health institutions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the organizational climate and its relationship with the occurrence of accidents with needlestick materials among nursing professionals in a public hospital of medium complexity in the state of São Paulo. It is a study of quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectoral approach. The instrument Safety Attitudes Questionnaire (SAQ) was used - Short Form, 2006, validated and adapted version for the Portuguese language (Safety Attitudes Questionnaire - QAS). Through the areas of QAS was possible to assess attitudes about the working environment in staff, safety climate, job satisfaction, perceived stress, management actions regarding safety issues and working conditions. The answers were given by Likert scale of five points, processing and data analysis was performed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. To relate the organizational climate with the occurrence of accidents with sharps survey was carried out by the Specialized Service of Medicine and Safety - SESMT with records of work accidents in the period 2008-2014 and workers were identified nursing victims of these accidents. Constituted two groups: Group 1 - nursing professionals who were victims of work accidents involving sharps; Group 2 - nursing professionals who did not undergo occupational accidents with needlestick during the study period. After conformal groups, the data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics with correlation tests between the variables of the groups in order to analyze possible relationship between accidents and the adoption of safety measures by the professional. The study sample consisted of 116 participants, nursing technicians and nurses working in hospital units. Group 1 consisted of 21 participants and Group 2 consists of 95 participants. Predominated female participants, nursing technicians and professionals with five to 10 years of experience in this institution. The perception of the participants about the organizational climate was considered unfavorable, however it was observed that job satisfaction was evidenced by most of the participants, demonstrating how they feel during the exercise of the profession in this institution. On the relationship between organizational climate and the occurrence of accidents with needlestick materials, the results indicated no direct relationship between organizational climate and the occurrence of such accidents, however it was observed that the group that did not suffer sharps injuries was the group that presented greater job satisfaction. Thus, this study promotes the opportunity to meet the professionals\' perception of the organizational climate and can contribute to improvement of safe care, reduce adverse events and improve the quality of patient care

Orientador: Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente / Banca: Marcelo Emílio Beletti / Banca: José Octávio Jacomini / Banca: Maria Rita Pacheco / Banca: Paulo Henrique Franceschini / Resumo: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar histologicamente as biópsias testiculares de cães obtidas por punção aspirativa por agulhas fina (PAAF) e "tru cut". Foram utilizados 40 cães, adultos, hígidos, distribuídos em 2 grupos: G1 - punção biópsia aspirativa; e G2 - biópsia com agulha "tru-cut". Cada grupo foi dividido em quatro subgrupos (Ga, Gb, Gc e Gd) com cinco animais cada, sendo estes orquiectomizados 3, 7, 14 e 62 dias após as biópsias PAAF ou "Tru-cut". O material colhido pela PAAF foi submetido à avaliação citológica, e o proveniente da biópsia "tru-cut" e orquiectomia submetidos à histopatologia. Foram avaliados os espermiogramas e mensuração de comprimento e largura do escroto e colhido o soro para pesquisa de anticorpo antiespermatozóides. Referente ao espermiograma e a mensuração do escroto não foram observados diferenças (p>0,05) significativas. A amostra direcionada para citologia e histologia obtida pelas duas técnicas foi considerada de quantidade suficiente para diagnóstico. Na histopatologia a PAAF apresentou menor área de lesão e reação inflamatória comparada a "tru cut", no entanto esta última apresentou maior quantidade de material, preservando a arquitetura dos túbulos seminíferos e interstício. Não foi observado diferença (p>0,05) na produção de anticorpos anti-espermatozóides, após as biopsias. Concluímos que apesar das biópsias fornecerem material em qualidade e quantidade adequadas, e da PAAF ter se mostrado menos traumática, a escolha da técnica a ser empregada dependerá da finalidade para o qual o material se destina. / Abstract: The aim of this study it was evaluate hystologicaly the testicular biopsies in dogs obtained by aspirative puncture by fine needle and "tru-cut". Forty males dogs, adults, healthies were used, distributed in 2 groups: G1 - Fine Needle aspiration; and G2- biopsy by "Tru-cut". Each group were shared in four groups (Ga, Gb, Gc e Gd) with 5 animals each, and all of then were orchiectomized after 3, 7, 14, 62 days after the biopsies by FNA and "tru-cut" being performed. The samples collected by FNA were submitted to cytology evaluate, and the sample from tru-cut biopsy and orchiectomy submitted to histopathology. The spermiograms were evaluated, the testicular length and with were measure, and the animal's blood were collected to the anti-sperm antibody quantification. About the spermogram and measurement of scrotal bag any significative difference was observed (p>0,05). The sample to cytology and histology obtained from two techniques showed be in quantity enough to diagnostic. In histopathology, the biopsy FNA showed smaller damage area and inflammatory reaction compared to tru-cut, however this one showed biggest quantity of material, preserving the seminiferous tubules architeture and interstitium. It was not observed significative difference at anti-sperm antibodies production. We concluded that althought the biopsies provide material in quantity and quality appropriate, and the PAAF showed less traumatic, the choose of the technique to be used will depend the purpose for which the material is intended. / Doutor