Thesis (MPA. and Management)) -- University of Limpopo, 2020 / Alcoholism among teenagers has become a major public health issue worldwide. South Africa is amongst the countries that are experiencing this problem. Abuse of alcohol has caused many social ills, namely road crashes, intentional and unintentional injuries, raping, and petty and high end crime in the community. Drinking amongst teenagers could be linked to personal and environmental factors including dysfunctional family structures and alcohol perception of elders in a particular community, which may view it as socially acceptable to drink, among other factors. The purpose of the study is to explore the perception of the community towards alcohol abuse among teenagers in Shayandima Township, Limpopo Province. The current study adopted a convergent mixed research design (both qualitative and quantitative) as well as a self administered questionnaire and semi-structured interview for data collection. A one-on-one interview was also conducted with 12 key informants in order to gather detailed qualitative data on the perception of the community regarding teenage alcohol abuse. In addition, a total of 50 respondents were involved in the quantitative study. They include social workers, ward councillors, members of Shayandima victim empowerment and community police forum members. The findings of this study revealed that there are policies put in place by government to address alcohol abuse by teenagers; however, the liquor sellers and the community members did not adhere to the rules and regulations. Liquor sellers violate the rules by selling liquor to teenagers, while the parents allow teenagers to go and buy liquor and enjoy the very same liquor with them. It was also found that that there was more violence in the community because of alcohol abuse. Parents tend to protect their children rather than supporting local authorities. Teenagers have access to alcohol at any time and any day because parents give them more money to spend, which makes it cheaper for them to buy alcohol. The findings further highlighted that the community was not well informed about the support rendered by those organizations that deal with teenage alcohol abuse. The study recommends that drastic measures should be taken against the liquor sellers who sell alcohol to teenagers. Their liquor licence should be revoked permanently. Government should strengthen their monitoring system regarding the liquor outlets. Only a business area must have liquor outlets, not the township residential areas and near public schools. Community-based organisations should be promoted to enhance community awareness and act against teenage alcohol abuse. Key words: Alcohol, Teenage, Alcohol Abuse, Community Perception, Shayandima Township

Individanpassat missbruksarbete är grundläggande inom svensk missbruk- och beroendevård. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur missbrukshandläggare inom socialtjänsten arbetar med personer som har intellektuell funktionsnedsättning i kombination med alkoholmissbruk. Sex kvalitativa intervjuer genomfördes med missbrukshandläggare inom socialtjänsten. Intervjuerna analyserades genom en tematisk analys. Studien visade att missbrukshandläggare upplever arbetet med målgruppen som svårt och utmanande då de inte har stöd i de nationella riktlinjerna samt att bedömningsinstrument och insatser inte är anpassade för denna målgrupp. Bristerna gör att missbrukshandläggares egna erfarenheter samt individuella kunskaper om målgruppen avgör hur utformade insatserna blir för den enskilde klienten. Resultatet har diskuterats i relation till tidigare forskning, systemteori och stigmateorin. Studien indikerar att det finns behov av ytterligare forskning kring denna målgrupp. / Individualized addiction work is fundamental in Swedish addiction treatment. The purpose of the study was to investigate how addiction counsellors in the social services work with people with intellectual disabilities in combination with alcohol abuse. Six qualitative interviews were conducted with addiction counsellors in the social service. The interviews were analysed through a thematic analysis. The study showed that addiction counsellors experience working with the target group as difficult and challenging as they don´t have support in the national guidelines and that assessment instruments and interventions are not adapted for this target group. The shortcomings mean that addiction counsellors own experiences as well as individual knowledge of the target group determine how the interventions are designed for the individual client. The results have been discussed in relation to previous research, system theory and stigma theory. The study indicates that there is a need for further research on this target group.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Fetal alcohol spectrum disorder is a disease caused by prenatal alcohol exposure. It is characterized by craniofacial abnormalities, growth retardation, central nervous system defects, learning disabilities and a variety of other minor defects. Even though it affects 2-5% of individuals born every year, very little is known about the mechanisms that cause it. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) presents as an interesting and efficient model for studying this disease. This study provides some insight into the mechanisms underlying observed FASD phenotypes and, more specifically, the transcription factor elf3, which is downregulated in response to ethanol exposure during early embryonic development. Here we show a number of elf3 target genes that are downregulated during early development in response to ethanol exposure. We also give some insight into the expression pattern of elf3 in relation to zygotic genome activation. Translation blocking morpholino oligonucleotides were used to implicate Elf3 in epiboly movements during gastrulation and zebrafish tail development. Taken together these results help to strengthen the zebrafish as a model for FASD in addition to giving greater insight into both the expression pattern and role of Elf3 during development.

Bakgrund: Alkoholkonsumtion ligger i topp tio av faktorer som kan orsaka olikaformer av funktionsnedsättning och på tredje plats av påverkbara dödsorsaker.Tidigare forskning visar att sjuksköterskor var negativt inställda till att vårdapersoner med ett missbruk/beroende och att patienterna som upplevt ett dåligtbemötande löper en större risk att inte fullfölja sin medicinska behandling.Forskningen visade också att det finns vårdpersonal som är positivt inställd tillpersoner med ett missbruk/beroende. Syfte: Att undersöka hur personer med ettalkoholmissbruk/beroende upplevt att de blivit bemötta när det sökt vård inomsomatiken. Metod: En empirisk kvalitativ intervjustudie baserad på nio intervjuer.Resultat: Det framkom tre huvudkategorier och sju underkategorier. Allainformanter hade upplevt bra bemötande men det fanns även de som hade upplevtett dåligt bemötande när de sökt vård. Faktorer som påverkade bemötandet varjournalanteckningar från beroendecentrum, hur ens eget beteende var,sjuksköterskans personliga inställning till personer med ett missbruk/beroende,om vården söktes under påverkan eller i nyktert tillstånd. / Background: Alcohol consumption is in the top ten of the factors that can causevarious forms of disability and the third of avoidable causes of death. Previousresearch shows that nurses have a negative attitude to care for people with asubstance abuse / dependence, and that patients who experienced a poor attitudeare at greater risk of not completing their treatment. However, there was alsoresearch on health professionals with positive attitude towards people withsubstance abuse/dependence. Objective: To examine how people with an alcoholabuse/dependence experienced the care at the somatic clinic. Methodology: Anempirical qualitative study based on nine interviews. Results: It was revealedthree main categories and seven subcategories. All informants had experiencedgood treatment but there were also some who had experienced a poor attitudewhen they sought care. Factors affecting the response were journal entries fromaddiction centre, how one's own behaviour was, the nurse's personal attitudetowards people with a substance abuse/dependence, if care was sought under theinfluence or sober.

This research comprised a secondary study using the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health restricted data set to examine the buffering effects of religiosity on adolescent alcohol coping following victimization within the context of Agnew's general stain theory. Its purpose was to determine if religiosity buffered the effects of alcohol abuse coping following victimization for native-born and foreign-born non-Hispanic adolescents, and was designed as a follow-up research study to similarly replicate a prior study limited to native-born and foreign-born Hispanic adolescents. This study's findings were consistent with prior research that higher religiosity was generally predictive of lower levels of alcohol abuse. However, in the presence of violent victimization, religiosity did not buffer later increased alcohol abuse coping for non-Hispanic adolescents. Native-born religiously oriented adolescents were as likely to abuse alcohol following violent victimization as their native-born non-religious peers. Foreign-born religiously oriented versus non-religiously-oriented adolescents did not have statistically significant different outcomes on later alcohol abuse following victimization. Foreign-born non-Hispanic adolescents as a group appeared generally insensitive to victimization strain as measured by alcohol abuse coping. An important outcome of this study was the collateral finding that being Catholic substantially increased the likelihood of later alcohol abuse for both native-born and foreign-born non-Hispanic adolescents; the increase in alcohol abuse for foreign-born adolescents was especially pronounced. The study's findings have particular relevance for adolescent counseling and others working with adolescents, and especially for those working within a religious context. Numerous areas for additional research are identified and discussed.

Alcohol abuse has been a major burden on the society. In the fight against it a key issue the education of the primary care nurses has been ignored. This study evaluates the effect of education program on the attitudes, beliefs, and confidence levels of primary care nurses regarding alcohol abuse and its treatment. Data from the Project Mainstream educational intervention were used with permission from the investigators. Two hundred one students and faculty of nursing at Vanderbilt University participated in the intervention, which was designed to train primary care providers in the Brief Negotiated Intervention technique for early detection and treatment of alcohol problems. Participants completed questionnaires before and after the educational intervention. Analysis of the data using paired samples t-test and one way analysis of variance showed statistically significant positive change in the nurses' attitudes, beliefs, and confidence levels regarding alcohol abuse and its treatment after the educational intervention. This study has shown the importance of educational intervention in dealing with alcohol abuse.

No description available.

Our aim with this study was to investigate whether gender plays a role in children'sexperiences of growing up in abusive environments, as well as how this affects themin adulthood. It is a qualitative study conducted using a thematic text method. Weused Yvonne Hirdman's gender theoretical concepts for our analysis. Our empiricalwork consists of five autobiographies. Where we sorted them into different themesto see which themes were most central in the books. The criteria we had whensearching for autobiographies was that the authors should have lived under alcoholabuse conditions regarding one or two of their parents. According to the themes wefound, we divided the results into two parts. The first part presents how the authorsexperienced their childhood and the second one how the authors described how itaffected them in adulthood. Each part has three subcategories that present differentaspects of the result. The analysis of our results can be found after the subcategoriesin each theme. The research is limited to children who lives in an environment ofalcoholics abuse. We wanted to gain an in-depth knowledge of how the childs ́sgender will affect their lives and actions in adulthood. By highlighting thisperspective on the subject, our intention is to contribute to more in-depth knowledgeof the subject. From the results it can be seen that the invisible rules and frameworksof the gender contract play a role in how children deal with their upbringing inalcohol abuse, as well as how this characterizes the impact of the situation inadulthood.

Our aim with this study was to investigate whether gender plays a role in children'sexperiences of growing up in abusive environments, as well as how this affects themin adulthood. It is a qualitative study conducted using a thematic text method. Weused Yvonne Hirdman's gender theoretical concepts for our analysis. Our empiricalwork consists of five autobiographies. Where we sorted them into different themesto see which themes were most central in the books. The criteria we had whensearching for autobiographies was that the authors should have lived under alcoholabuse conditions regarding one or two of their parents. According to the themes wefound, we divided the results into two parts. The first part presents how the authorsexperienced their childhood and the second one how the authors described how itaffected them in adulthood. Each part has three subcategories that present differentaspects of the result. The analysis of our results can be found after the subcategoriesin each theme. The research is limited to children who lives in an environment ofalcoholics abuse. We wanted to gain an in-depth knowledge of how the childs´sgender will affect their lives and actions in adulthood. By highlighting thisperspective on the subject, our intention is to contribute to more in-depth knowledgeof the subject. From the results it can be seen that the invisible rules and frameworksof the gender contract play a role in how children deal with their upbringing inalcohol abuse, as well as how this characterizes the impact of the situation inadulthood.

South Africa is faced with a high rate of substance use and sexual abuse among both sexes of adolescents from a wide range of social backgrounds. So many cases have been reported in the Department of Social Development and Special Programmes in Port St Johns. This article shows that the patterns of alcohol use among South African adolescents is cause for concern. The use of substance by adolescents is associated with a range of negative consequences, including the risk of being sexual abused. Many adolescents from the areas surrounding Port St Johns use substances, and as a result they end up engaging in risky sexual activities. Older people take advantage of them, so that many of these adolescents become victims of sexual abuse. Some of them become school drop-outs. As a result, the following effects can develop in these adolescents. * Isolation * Self-blame * Embarrassment The aim of the study was to do case analysis in order to identify adolescents who were sexually abused while being intoxicated so that the social workers can construct empowering programmes to prevent the abuse of substances and also the sexual abuse of these adolescents. Data collection took place by means of case analysis of 15 adolescents. Documents of the adolescents from the case loads of social workers in the Department of Social Development and Special Programmes were used to gain a detailed picture of the themes emerging from adolescents who were sexually abused after the abuse of substances. The results indicated that many adolescents from the areas surrounding Port St Johns use substances and as a result they end up engaging in risky sexual activities. Older people take advantage of them while they are under the influence of a substance, and these adolescents become victims of sexual abuse. / MSW (Forensic Practice), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014