Cette thèse analyse les modalités contemporaines de production des lotissements résidentiels en France ainsi que la qualité morphologique des espaces urbains produits dans ce cadre opérationnel. Elle interroge le paradoxe entre la critique presque unanime dont font l’objet les lotissements d’une part et l’observation d’opérations de lotissement exemplaires d’autre part. Elle explore les conditions selon lesquelles ce mode opératoire est en capacité de fabriquer des espaces urbains de qualité au niveau de leur forme physique. Les lotissements sont appréhendés selon une double entrée : en tant qu’espaces matériels, c’est la qualité de leur tissu qui est étudiée ; en tant que processus d’action, c’est le fonctionnement des systèmes d’action collective qui les composent qui est analysé. D’un point de vue théorique, le travail mobilise les outils de la sociologie des organisations en croisant les apports de l’analyse stratégique avec ceux de l’économie des ordres de grandeur. L’appréhension de la matérialité des lotissements s’appuie sur l’approche par trames développée autour de la notion de tissu urbain par l’école française de morphologie urbaine. La thèse repose sur l’analyse qualitative et comparative de quatre opérations-études de cas situées dans l’agglomération lyonnaise. Elle montre tout d’abord qu’il n’y a pas de fatalité morphologique. L’analyse du tissu des quatre lotissements prouve ainsi que ce mode opératoire n’est pas condamné à fabriquer des espaces urbains médiocres. Cette démonstration est issue d’un travail préalable de conceptualisation de la notion de qualité morphologique, envisagée comme une convention sociale. L’analyse de l’évolution du droit de lotir, dans le cadre plus global des changements réglementaires en matière d’urbanisme et d’aménagement en France, montre ensuite que l’injonction réglementaire au développement urbain durable impacte au moins indirectement le lotissement dans le sens de sa qualification. Les changements législatifs récents ont en effet conduit à l’instauration d’un contexte d’action qui pousse les maîtres d’ouvrage à une plus grande réflexion en termes de localisation des opérations, et sans doute aussi à une plus grande densité bâtie. Seulement le droit n’explique pas tout. Les arbitrages en matière de morphologie s’opèrent ainsi à trois moments clés : lors de la définition du droit des sols, au moment de la délivrance des autorisations d’urbanisme et lors de la conception et de la programmation des opérations. L’analyse révèle alors que l’acteur communal possède potentiellement une grande force de régulation de la forme urbaine. La planification locale a ainsi un impact significatif sur le tissu des opérations, même si l’expérience montre que c’est le plus souvent dans un sens négatif. Dans l’interaction avec les acteurs privés, que ce soient les lotisseurs et leurs concepteurs ou les habitants-maîtres d’ouvrage et leur constructeur, la commune dispose de multiples ressources pour influencer les projets dans le sens de leur qualification. La thèse montre à ce propos le rôle central des institutions partenaires dans ce rapport de pouvoir, notamment pour les plus petites communes. À ces différents moments, l’aptitude qualifiante de la régulation publique dépend d’une variable essentielle : l’engagement politique des acteurs. La qualité des lotissements est enfin conditionnée par un deuxième élément : la responsabilité morphologique dont se sentent ou non investis les lotisseurs. Ces derniers conservent en effet une certaine marge de manœuvre en matière morphologique. Leur comportement en termes de conception est donc lui aussi déterminant pour la qualité du tissu des lotissements. / This thesis analyses the contemporary modalities of the production of residential allotments (lotissements) in France, as well as the morphological quality of urban spaces produced in this operational framework. It questions the paradox between the almost unanimous criticism directed at these residential developments, on the one hand, and the observation of exemplary developmentoperations on the other hand. It explores the conditions under which this modus operandi can produce urban spaces with morphological qualities. The residential allotments are considered from a dual perspective: as a material space, by studying the quality of the urban fabric; and as a process, by analysing the functioning of the collective action systems composing it.From a theoretical perspective, this work makes use organisational sociology tools (sociologie des organisations) by crossing of the Strategic Analysis inputs (Crozier and Friedberg) with those of the Economies of Worth (Boltanski and Thévenot). The understanding of the development’s materiality draws on the “frames” approach (approche par trames) developed around the notion of urban fabric by the French school of urban morphology. The thesis relies on qualitative and comparative analysis of four case studies located in urban agglomeration of Lyon.Firstly, it shows that there is no morphological fatality. The fabric analysis of these four projects proves that this modus operandi is not doomed to produce mediocre urban spaces. This demonstration draws on a prior conceptualisation of the notion of morphological quality, considered as a social convention.The analysis of subdivision laws (droit de lotir), in the broader context of regulatory changes in the field of urbanism and town planning in France, then shows that the impact of sustainable development regulations is, at least indirectly, to increase the quality of the residential allotment. Legal changes have indeed created a context that encourages a stronger reflection on development location by the project manager (maître d’ouvrage) and probably also a greater building density.Nevertheless, laws cannot provide a full explanation. The decisions regarding morphology are made at three key moments: when the planning laws (droit des sols) are defined, when the planning approvals (autorisations d’urbanisme) are delivered and when developments are designed and programmed. The analysis so reveals that the municipal stakeholder potentially holds an important power over the regulation of the urban form. Local planning therefore has a significant impact on the developments’ fabric, although experience shows that this impact is most often negative. In the interaction with private stakeholders, whether they are the developers (lotisseurs) and their designers (concepteurs), or the inhabitants-project managers (habitants-maître d’ouvrage) and their builder (constructeurs), the municipality has many resources at his disposal to influence the projects quality. In this respect, this thesis highlights the central role that partner institutions play in this power relation, particularly for smaller municipalities. At these different moments, the aptitude of public regulation for improving quality depends on one essential variable: the political commitment of the stakeholders. Finally, the quality of the residential allotments also depends on a further element; whether or not the developers have a sense of morphological responsibility. Developers indeed maintain a room for manoeuver regarding morphology. Their behaviour at the conception level is consequently also decisive for the quality of the developments’ fabric.

The aim of this thesis is to analyse how the road allotment system functioned as an institution to mobilise resources and organise the provision of roads. Through this institution every peasant was made responsible for certain parts of a road. The analysis focuses on road repair and maintenance in the Swedish region of Västmanlands län c. 1750–1850. Previous research has described the allotment system as unfair, unprofessional and ineffective in providing a functioning road system and has contrasted it against modern road management based on cash taxes or fees, a central administrative body and professional engineers and workers. The results indicate that the allotment system under certain circumstances helped minimise administrative expenses for mobilising resources and organising work. Through the allotment system local resources throughout the area could be exploited and there was no need to convert tax revenue into output. When roads had been divided into parts it was not necessary to continually plan and manage work efforts, and through the quality inspections punishment could easily be enforced and road standards guaranteed. The allotment model also enabled peasants to perform road work at a convenient time and to make long-term improvements in their road parts. This was only possible when there were no ambiguities concerning limits and occupants of every road section, and a high degree of societal continuity, which was enabled by tying the obligation to homesteads through a constant taxation index. Without these preconditions there was a risk that a section of the road was not maintained at all, making it necessary to redistribute road parts, which was a complicated, time-consuming, and costly process. This was due to difficulties in making small adjustments without influencing all road parts within a large area. Furthermore, an equal distribution of road sections was hard to accomplish since traffic and natural conditions varied, and every part was at a different distance from the gravel pit and from the peasants’ farms. The possibility to mobilise resources within the allotment system was also restricted in time and by the availability of maintenance materials. / Det svenska vägnätets uppbyggnad 1750-1944

Submitted by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2011-05-11T23:41:05Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Antonio Lago.pdf: 237586 bytes, checksum: 807952a792bed39c85a11a55fad9f2fb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior(paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2011-05-11T23:41:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Antonio Lago.pdf: 237586 bytes, checksum: 807952a792bed39c85a11a55fad9f2fb (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Paulo Junior (paulo.jr@fgv.br) on 2011-06-30T16:27:14Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Antonio Lago.pdf: 237586 bytes, checksum: 807952a792bed39c85a11a55fad9f2fb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2011-10-04T19:25:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Celso Antonio Lago.pdf: 237586 bytes, checksum: 807952a792bed39c85a11a55fad9f2fb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-12-29 / This study deals with the process of budget execution, referring to the period from 1995 to 2008, at the State University of Maranhão, an organ of autarchic nature linked to the State Secretary of Science, Technology, Superior Education and Technological Development. The central objective of the research was to verify the existence of budgetary pressure in this organization and, if found, to demonstrate what the relevant criteria are in the allocation of funds and which elements generate pressure in the elaboration of budget execution. This was done through an analysis of institutional data and interviews with workers connected to the Superior Administration and budget control. There is also a comparison between what was budgeted for and what was actually realized within expense groups, being personnel, costs and capital. With this in mind, the problem of the research was described through the following questions: Is there budgetary pressure at UEMA during the budget elaboration phase? What elements generate pressure in the elaboration? What are the relevant criteria for the allocation of funds between the different departments of the institution? The data collection was done using interviews, semi-structured, and documents and the process of analysis of the data constituted a verification of documents referring to the comparative budgetary size and what funds were actually freed. The discussion of the results generated conclusions which were important for verifying the existence of pressure within the institution regarding execution of the budget, the elements which cause pressure were identified as were criteria relevant the allocation of funds. / Este estudo trata do processo de execução do orçamento, referente ao período de 1995 a 2008, da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, órgão de natureza autárquica, vinculado à Secretaria de Estado da Ciência, Tecnologia, Educação Superior e Desenvolvimento Tecnológico. O objetivo central desta pesquisa foi verificar a existência de pressão orçamentária naquela Instituição e, se existente, demonstrar quais os critérios relevantes na alocação das cotas e quais elementos geram pressão na elaboração e execução do orçamento, através da análise de dados institucionais e entrevistas de servidores ligados à sua Administração Superior e controle orçamentário, mediante a comparação do que fora orçado com o efetivamente realizado, em seus grupos de despesas, ou seja, pessoal, custeio e capital. Para tanto, o problema desta pesquisa foi descrito através das seguintes questões: Há pressão orçamentária na UEMA, na fase de elaboração do orçamento? Há pressão orçamentária na UEMA, na fase de execução do orçamento? Que elementos geram pressão na elaboração e na execução do orçamento da UEMA? Quais são os critérios relevantes à alocação das cotas orçamentárias entre os Centros de Ensino da UEMA? A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas e documentos. O processo de análise de dados consistiu em verificar documentos referentes à dotação orçamentária comparativamente as cotas liberadas e a análise em profundidade dos depoimentos colhidos nas entrevistas. A discussão dos resultados gerou conclusões importantes por constatar a existência de pressão orçamentária na elaboração e na execução do orçamento daquela Universidade, identificando os elementos causadores da pressão, assim como os critérios relevantes na alocação das cotas.

Submitted by Oliveira Santos Dilzaná (dilznana@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-03-22T12:53:51Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Rafael dos Santos Barros.pdf: 1698449 bytes, checksum: e6d4179a553e504078dbe10d3fcf3df6 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Ana Portela (anapoli@ufba.br) on 2016-03-28T19:01:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Rafael dos Santos Barros.pdf: 1698449 bytes, checksum: e6d4179a553e504078dbe10d3fcf3df6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-28T19:01:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação de Rafael dos Santos Barros.pdf: 1698449 bytes, checksum: e6d4179a553e504078dbe10d3fcf3df6 (MD5) / Essa pesquisa procurou compreender a atuação dos índios Gueren na Capitania dos Ilhéus na primeira metade do século XVIII, contexto em que houve um processo inexorável de expansão colonizadora, a qual tinha como fito alargar as fronteiras agrícolas e conseguir grandes quantidades de mão de obra indígena escravizada. É nesse contexto que percebemos a atuação dos índios como estrategistas políticos, usando a tutela de um capitão-mor para livrarem-se da opressão, bem como a ação da Coroa portuguesa, a qual confeccionou distintas políticas indigenistas para cada povo que vivia na capitania com o objetivo de assimilar os grupos arredios à colonização, tornando-os súditos do Rei de Portugal. Posteriormente, o estudo incidiu na formação do aldeamento de Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, ressaltando a perspectiva do direito a terra e dos conflitos concernentes aos diferentes interesses de índios, colonos arrendatários de terras e missionários representantes do colégio da Bahia, detentores legítimos da sesmaria onde se inseria o aldeamento. A partir da interpretação das fontes, um repertório de documentos referentes aos conflitos de terras ocorridos naquele território, identificou-se os atores sociais, suas demandas e suas justificativas, ancoradas no direito e nos costumes sobre a posse e a propriedade da terra no Império Luso, considerando, ainda, a legislação indigenista e sua aplicação na resolução de conflitos dessa natureza. This research sought to understand the role of the Indians inte the Islanders in the Capitancy Gueren in the firsthalf of the 18th century, context in which there was aninexorable process of colonial expansion, which had asaim to the agricultural frontier and get large amount of enslaved indigenous labor . It is in this context that we perceive the action of Indians as political strategists, using the tutelage of a capitain-mor to get rid of the oppression, as well as the action of the Portuguese Crown, which distinct indigenous policies fashioned for every people who lived on the capitaincy in order to assimilate the uncontactedgroups to colonization, making them subjects of the King of Portugal. Subsequently, the study focused on the formation of village of Nossa Senhora dos Remédios, emphasizing the perspective of the right toland and conflicts related to the different interests of Indians, settlers and missionaries land tenant representatives of the College of Bahia, Legitimate holders of sesmarias which formed part of the village. From the interpretation of the sources, a directory of documents pertaining to the land conflicts occurringon that territory has identified the social actors, their demands and their justifications, anchor in law and customs on possession and ownership of land in Portuguese Empire, considering also the indigenous legislation and its application in conflict of this nature.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-13T17:10:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielGBN.pdf: 2303698 bytes, checksum: 81b037aa18618e8a3fda1cb11f81e378 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-03-14 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / This work exposed desired to investigate the function of evolution of closed allotment, of market of the earth and of forms of extraction of the lace of earth, in the processes capitalist production of urban space in Nova Parnamirim, community of Parnamirim/RN. This tendentious urbanization were marked for an expressive increase of number of horizontal and vertical closed residences joint ownership concerning at social groups more privileged financial position. Go after, set off, a temporal investigation, based in the forms of appropriation of space in the middle intermediate by action of the several producers agent of capitalist capital. This way, make necessary understand the past of local structure earth, in order that to make possible analyze the beginning of the process. Not enough, appealed the publics institutions as immobile notary s office and secretary municipal for to collect the more important information, and in the field through of application of formulary together the population of ward, in order that of examine the motivation of residential establishment inside. Make this, confirmed that the actual spatial organization of ward of Nova Parnamirim started of two allotments: the Vale do Pitimb? Park and Eucaliptos Park, both divided in several little allotments. Before of begin the ward, allotments reproduced set off from that native has been consigned during the 80, 90 decade s and begin the actual century, resigning a complicated urban structure earth, dynamized by exploration of a promising residential area. Leashed of this, confirmed the installation of logic of segregation and auto-segregation conducted by an immobile market which exclude the poor class and absorb rich class, motivate by perspective of obtaining of urban lace of earth by immobile promoter. However, perceived that the growth this market was promoted by migration of groups of capital, interior of state and others regions of country. Not distant, horizontal and vertical closed residences represent production forms of a new form of residence, corresponding the pattern architectonic as socioeconomics, strengthened by ideal of security, quality of life, necessity of reclusion and of proximity of Natal. Is in the capital which this individual found possibilities of attend satisfactory minimum of yours necessity in relation a consumption of bens and specialized and specifics services. Before this qualitative perceive that the social and spacial differential of Nova Parnamirim was the responsible by soil and habitation valorization of ward, that reinforce the promotion of segregation and of auto-segregation, and consequently, of capitalist reproduction of urban space / O trabalho aqui exposto desejou investigar o papel da evolu??o dos loteamentos fechados, do mercado de terras e das formas de extra??o da renda fundi?ria, no processo de produ??o capitalista do espa?o urbano em Nova Parnamirim, munic?pio de Parnamirim/RN. Essa tendenciosa urbaniza??o foi marcada por um expressivo aumento do n?mero de condom?nios residenciais fechados horizontais e verticais referentes a grupos sociais mais privilegiados financeiramente. Procurou-se, a partir da?, uma investiga??o temporal, baseada nas formas de apropria??o do espa?o mediadas pela a??o dos diversos agentes produtores da cidade capitalista. Nesse sentido, fez-se necess?rio entender a historicidade da estrutura fundi?ria local, para que se pudesse analisar o princ?pio do processo. N?o obstante, recorreu-se a institui??es p?blicas como cart?rios imobili?rios e secretarias municipais para coletar as informa??es mais importantes e, ao campo atrav?s da aplica??o de formul?rios junto ? popula??o do bairro, com intuito de averiguar as motiva??es de estabelecimento residencial no mesmo. Feito isso, confirmou-se que a atual organiza??o espacial do bairro de Nova Parnamirim partiu de dois loteamentos: o Parque Vale do Pitimb? e o Parque dos Eucaliptos, ambos fracionados em v?rios loteamentos menores, nas d?cadas de 80, 90 e 2000, conformando uma intricada estrutura fundi?ria urbana. Atrelado a isso, constatou-se a instala??o de uma l?gica de segrega??o e auto-segrega??o conduzida por um mercado imobili?rio que exclui os insolv?veis e absorve os solv?veis, motivado pela perspectiva de obten??o de rendas fundi?rias urbanas pelos promotores imobili?rios e pela migra??o de grupos da capital, do interior do Estado e de outras regi?es do pa?s. Os condom?nios fechados horizontais e verticais representam formas de produ??o de uma nova forma de moradia, no que diz respeito tanto aos padr?es arquitet?nicos como socioecon?micos, fortalecida pelo ideal de seguran?a, qualidade de vida, pela necessidade da reclus?o e da proximidade de Natal, com ?nfase para o consumo de bens e servi?os especializados e espec?ficos. Concluiu-se que h? uma valoriza??o do solo e da habita??o no bairro, o que refor?a a promo??o da segrega??o e da auto-segrega??o e, consequentemente, a reprodu??o capitalista do espa?o urbano

The work of Peruvian economist Hernando de Soto is both influential and controversial. His 2000 bestseller The Mystery of Capital posits that to solve poverty in the developing world, the poor need to transition from the extralegal sector to the official economy through formal property rights and incorporated businesses. In 2009, following the 2009 bloody clashes of indigenous peoples and law enforcement agents in the Peruvian Amazon, DeSoto suggested the extrapolation of The Mystery of Capital to the Amazon as a solution for their underdevelopment. He contended that the Amazon natives could only progress if granted formal title to land and allowed to create limited liability corporations. This paper argues, however, that the purported extrapolation of The Mystery of Capital’s propositions is problematic. It aims to show that economic integration of the Amazon natives may further expose their land resources to appropriation and, in actuality, trigger their cultural, social and environmental disintegration. / El trabajo del economista peruano Hernando de Soto ha sido tan influyente como controversial. Su obra maestra, El misterio del capital, propone como solución a la pobreza en los países en desarrollo transformar la informalidad a través de derechos de propiedad y empresa. En 2009, luego de los violentos enfrentamientos en Bagua, De Soto sugirió extrapolar la tesis de El misterio del capital a la Amazonía peruana como solución a los conflictos sociales. De Soto plantea que la única salida para el progreso de los pueblos amazónicos es a través del reconocimiento de derechos de propiedad y la creación de empresas de responsabilidad limitada. Este artículo sostiene, sin embargo, que la pretendida extrapolación sería inconveniente. A la luz de la experiencia de los Estados Unidos con la parcelación de tierras nativas y corporaciones nativas de Alaska, se sugerirá que la supuesta integración económica de la Amazonía podría en realidad exponer a sus habitantes a apropiación de sus recursos y favorecer su desintegración social, cultural y ambiental.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2017-05-19T14:56:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 izabelcristinarodrigues.pdf: 5299241 bytes, checksum: e68caa3f2b617f1a36f4b6befedc2530 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2017-05-19T15:54:44Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 izabelcristinarodrigues.pdf: 5299241 bytes, checksum: e68caa3f2b617f1a36f4b6befedc2530 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-05-19T15:54:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 izabelcristinarodrigues.pdf: 5299241 bytes, checksum: e68caa3f2b617f1a36f4b6befedc2530 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-03-31 / O objetivo dessa dissertação é examinar o efeito da legislação de parcelamento do solo na implantação de Espaços Públicos (EPs) em Juiz de Fora, considerando o tamanho, a distribuição e a destinação das áreas doadas à Prefeitura no processo de loteamento do solo. Além disso, a pesquisa observou sob os mesmos aspectos, as características atuais das praças e demais Espaços Livres Públicos (ELPs) de permanência da cidade, e quais as possíveis destinações para essas áreas. Para isso, foi realizado um levantamento documental das leis urbanas, que se referiram aos Lotes Públicos (LPs), no período de 1896 a 2014 e um levantamento das plantas que compõem o processo de loteamento do solo no mesmo período, a fim de identificar os terrenos doados à Prefeitura de Juiz de Fora. Dada a obtenção desses dados foi possível criar associações das exigências legais com a formação dos Espaços Públicos em diferentes períodos. Com o objetivo de entender melhor a influência das legislações no desenho urbano, foi também analisado os aspectos das praças e parques atuais da cidade. Conclui-se que a legislação urbana atua diretamente na reserva do solo para a implantação dos equipamentos públicos, porém suas exigências, restritas ao tamanho desses terrenos, deixam a cargo da gestão administrativa as definições de distribuição, localização e destinação sem diretrizes claras quanto a esses temas. Constatou-se ainda que a cidade possui uma baixa densidade de ELPs acessíveis a poucos minutos de caminhada e que os ELPs de maior influência foram construídos em terrenos adquiridos fora do processo de loteamento do solo. / The goal of this dissertation is to examine the effect of land subdivision legislation in the implementation of public spaces in Juiz de Fora, considering the size, distribution, and destination of the areas donated to the city in the land subdivision process. Furthermore, this research observed, under the same aspects, the current characteristics of squares and the public open spaces (POS) in the city, which is one of the possible destinations for these areas. For this, it was made a documentary survey of the urban laws, that referred to the public lands (LP), carried out between 1896 and 2014 and a survey of the subdivision map that compose this portioning process in this same period, in order to identify the lands donated to Juiz de Fora city. Through these data, it was possible to create associations of legal requirements with the formation of public spaces in different periods. In order to understand better the influence of the legislations on the urban design, the aspects of the city's current parks and squares were also analyzed. It is concluded that urban legislation acts directly on the land reserve for the implementation of public facilities, but its requirements, restricted to the size of these lands, leave to the administrative management the definitions of distribution, location, and destination without clear guidelines regarding these themes. It was also verified that the city has a low density of ELP that may be reached in a few minutes walking and that the most influential ELPs were constructed in lands acquired outside the land subdivision process.

Orientador: Diógenes Cortijo da Costa / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T02:22:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Corghi_FernandaNascimento_D.pdf: 10660154 bytes, checksum: 8373162d0c4c68cb5636f2a1de96435e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: O loteamento abrange, além dos lotes, uma parte da gleba destinada a equipamentos urbanos e comunitários (de educação, cultura, saúde, lazer e similares) e áreas livres de uso público. Cabe ao poder público estabelecer porcentagens e impedir a ocupação de áreas de risco. Por isso, conhecer a hidrologia e a geomorfologia da bacia hidrográfica é importante para harmonizar o projeto à superfície topográfica e prevenir impactos decorrentes de rupturas no sistema natural. A terraplenagem efetuada para locação do empreendimento, associada à concentração do fluxo de água sub e superficial pelas ruas e galerias de drenagem, acelera processos de erosão. O solo carreado assoreia sistemas de drenagem e as enchentes se configuram como um dos impactos cumulativos decorrentes deste padrão de ocupação. Os impactos sociais são sentidos pela destruição de obras civis e riscos à vida humana. Neste sentido, as diretrizes exigidas pelo poder público devem ser seguidas para garantir o uso das áreas públicas e particulares ao fim a que se destinam.O objetivo desta tese é propor critérios físicos e sociais condizentes com o comportamento do substrato físico local e com os avanços sociais da Política Urbana como requisitos urbanísticos para projetos de loteamentos. Correlacionamos arranjos da forma urbana física elementar (rua, quadras, lotes, etc) em conformidade com os apontamentos da cartografia geocientífica preventiva de impactos ambientais. Estabelecemos como estudo de caso uma bacia hidrográfica do município de Bauru (SP); analisamos a possibilidade de inclusão da cartografia geotécnica de prevenção à erosão como instrumento norteador de loteamentos menos impactantes. A partir da constatação de que (i) a escala de confecção da cartografia geocientífica tende a ser realizada em pequenas e médias escalas e (ii) a escala utilizada para Planos Diretores e empreendimentos urbanísticos é necessariamente a grande escala, estabelecemos nossa proposta metodológica a partir da adoção de uma unidade física condizente aos planejamentos urbanos e geocientíficos. Partimos da setorização da vertente da bacia hidrográfica (em pelo menos três partes) para tornar possível a correlação de elementos do sistema natural (físico) e antrópico (urbano). Chamamos esta correlação de "unidade geo-urbanística". O funcionamento das unidades geo-urbanísticas em uma vertente da bacia hidrográfica estudada forneceu diferentes magnitudes de impacto para cada unidade a depender dos arranjos antrópicos nela estabelecidos. A simulação do funcionamento da vertente ofertou sete cenários de impacto, posto que diferentes arranjos de elementos urbanos estabelecem diferentes maneiras de ampliar tendências a impactos próprias do setor da vertente. Os cenários foram extrapolados para a bacia hidrográfica como um todo. Acreditamos que, com a utilização da unidade geo-urbanística como suporte à criação de cenários de impacto, seja possível definir requisitos urbanísticos para loteamentos. Desta maneira, também evita-se que a destinação de áreas públicas se dê em locais com maior suscetibilidade a impactos na bacia hidrográfica. Estes avanços foram consolidados na tese ao propormos alterações na legislação de parcelamento do solo (6.766/79) incorporando uma nova conceituação para "gleba" e uma maior participação pública direta tendo por escopo o uso da propriedade urbana "em prol do bem coletivo" (10.257/01, Art. 1º) / Abstract: The allotment covers, in addition to lots, part of the glebe aimed at urban and community facilities (education, culture, health, leisure and related) and open areas for public use. It is the public authority which establishes percentages and prevents the occupation of risk areas. Therefore, knowing the hydrology and geomorphology of the watershed is important to harmonize the project to the topographic surface and prevent impacts resulting from disruptions in the natural system. The earthwork made to lease the venture, related to the sub and superficial concentration of water flow on streets and drainage galleries, accelerates erosion processes. The adduced soil silts drainage systems and flooding is configured as one of the cumulative impacts of this pattern of occupation. The social impacts are felt by the destruction of civil works and risks to human life. In this sense, the guidelines required by public authorities must be followed to ensure the use of public and private areas to the purpose which they are intended. The aim of this thesis is to propose physical and social criteria consistent with the behavior of the local physical substrate and the social advances of Urban Policy as urban requirements for projects of settlements. We correlated arrangements of elementary physical urban form (street, blocks, lots, etc.) in accordance to the appointments of geoscientific cartography preventive of environmental impacts. We established as a case study a watershed in the city of Bauru (SP); we analyze the possibility of inclusion of geotechnical cartography to the erosion prevention as the guiding instrument of less impactful allotments. From the verification that (i) the scale of confection of geoscientific cartography tends to be performed in small and medium scales and (ii) the scale used for Directive Plans and urban ventures is necessarily large scale, we established our methodological proposal from the adoption of a consistent physical unit to urban and geoscientific planning. We started from the watershed slope (in at least three parts) to make it possible the correlation of elements of the natural (physical) and anthropogenic (urban) system. We call this correlation "geo-urban unit". The functioning of the geo-urban units in one watershed slope studied provided different magnitudes of impact for each unit depending on the anthropic arrangements established therein. The simulation of the functioning of the slope offered seven impact scenarios, since different arrangements of urban elements establish different manners of expanding the trends to the impacts specific of the sector of the slope. The scenarios were extrapolated to the watershed as a whole. We believe that with the use of geo-urban unit as a support to the creation of impact scenarios, it is possible to define urban requirements for settlements. Thus, it also avoids that the allocation of public areas is given in places with greater susceptibility to impacts in the watershed. These advances were consolidated in the thesis by proposing changes in legislation of land subdivision (6.766/79) incorporating a new conceptualization of "glebe" and greater direct public participation with the purpose to the use of urban property "in favor of the common good" (10.257/01, Article 1) / Doutorado / Saneamento e Ambiente / Doutora em Engenharia Civil

Made available in DSpace on 2014-08-20T13:47:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Herberto Peil Mereb_Dissertacao.pdf: 3631795 bytes, checksum: 0ebb2d8eb674d9b6300c2a308a92eb72 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-21 / This study analyzes the practices of implementation of the Urban PRORENDA, in Dunas Allotment, and how this experience has interfered in the power relationships in that community, especially in the period between 1996 and 2001, and which its consequences and effects were. It also analyzes the ascension of Dunas Allotment from the perspective of the third sector: local autonomy and empowerment, as well as the disarticulation of the neighborhood association: struggle for housing. It also brings into discussion the issue of traditional projects which are thought and executed by technicians of government management (top-down perspective) and projects which promote local participation and empowerment, taking as reference the Urban PRORENDA. Finally, it presents a framework of Dunas Allotment, since its constitution, in four important moments which made it possible to move that community from a peripheric and subordinated position into a situation of empowerment in what concerns local and global power relationships. / Esta Dissertação analisa as práticas de implementação do PRORENDA Urbano no Loteamento Dunas e como esta experiência interferiu nas suas relações de poder, em especial no período de 1996 a 2001, e quais foram os seus desdobramentos e efeitos. Analisa a ascensão no Loteamento Dunas da perspectiva do terceiro setor: autonomia e empoderamento local, bem como a desarticulação do associativismo de moradores: luta por moradia. Também problematiza a perspectiva de projetos tradicionais pensados e executados por técnicos das gestões governamentais (de cima para baixo) e projetos que fomentam a participação e empoderamento local, tendo como referência o PRORENDA Urbano. Por fim, apresento uma moldura do Loteamento Dunas desde sua constituição em quatro grandes momentos que operacionalizaram o deslocamento do Loteamento Dunas de uma posição periférica e subordinada para uma situação de empoderamento nas relações de poder locais e globais.

Dans le cadre des enjeux actuels du droit à la ville et à la qualité de vie, l'aménagement urbain constitue un outil pertinent qu'il convient de façonner en ce sens. Notion pivot de l'urbanisme opérationnel, aucune définition complète ne figure pourtant dans les textes, et les multiples références à l'aménagement dans l'ensemble des branches du droit n'ont fait qu'embrumer davantage les contours de l'aménagement urbain. L'étude du code de l'urbanisme, des débats parlementaires et de la jurisprudence conduit à désigner l'opération d'aménagement urbain comme sa matérialisation concrète. Distinct de l'aménagement du territoire et transcendant la frontière public-privé, l'aménagement urbain désigne les opérations de travaux visant un projet urbain d'intérêt général portant sur un quartier ou du moins sur un lieu de vie. Elle constitue dès lors un instrument local de choix au service de la qualité de vie. C'est pour cette raison qu'un régime juridique de droit commun, qui serait applicable à toute opération d'aménagement urbain, doit être élaboré. De sa conception à sa réalisation, ce régime permettrait de concilier les considérations purement économiques de cette activité avec les exigences modernes de garantie d'un cadre de vie de qualité. / In the context of current issues pertaining to the right to the city and to quality of life, urban development is a relevant tool which should be adapted. As a pivotal notion of operational urban planning, no complete definition yet exists for urban development. Furthermore, the multiple references to development in corpus juris obfuscate the notion. After examining the code de l’urbanisme, parliamentary debates and case law, it is evident that urban development operation should be considered as the materialization of urban development. Distinct from land settlement operations and overcoming the public-private border, urban development can be defined as works of general interest focused on a district or at least a place of life. Consequently, it represents a local tool appropriate to quality of life, which is why general regulations, applicable to every urban development operation, must be elaborated. From conception to realisation, these regulations make it possible to reconcile strictly economic parts of this activity with the modern requirements of a quality living environment.