This thesis deals with out-of-court dispute resolution within international business transactions. Its goal is an analysis of those methods of dispute resolution that may be encountered both in practice and specialized literature and determination of their basic characteristics that allow comparison. The thesis is divided into six chapters. The first two chapters are of general nature and specify the content of the given topic. The third chapter establishes the framework of relevant law and the subsequent chapters are concerned with the online dispute resolution with the help of modern technology. The first chapter is composed of three parts. The first part defines the notions of out-of-court dispute resolution and alternative dispute resolution (ADR) and explains the relation between those two notions that are not considered synonymous. The second part describes the common features of the out-of-court dispute resolution methods. To the contrary, the third part points out the differences between them and groups the particular methods based on various criteria. The second chapter defines the international business transactions and focuses on international or foreign element and its determination. The third chapter provides an overview of the legal framework relevant to the topic. In its four parts...

- Institutional Arbitration Arbitration in its today's dimension is a phenomenon that represents an alternative system to a state organized litigation. Arbitration is way of settling disputes among subjects in various fields of economic activities. There is commercial arbitration which is the most spread and used in the world, sport arbitration, mixed arbitration and others. This thesis, also due to the fact that it has been assigned by The Department of Commercial law - International Private Law, is devoted to international commercial arbitration. Arbitration is a private system of litigation in which private neutrals are called by parties to resolve their dispute. Arbitration held by individual neutrals chosen particularly for determinate cause is called ad hoc arbitration. In response to a stabilization of arbitration procedure, the arbitration institutions were established to provide arbitrational services and other dispute resolution services. Arbitration administrated by such institutions is in theory called institutional arbitrational, which is the subject of present work. The thesis is deemed to report on actual arbitrational and other dispute resolution services offered by major world institutions. These services include the arbitration proceedings itself which is the most important and...

A presente dissertação investiga a possibilidade jurídica e as limitações da utilização de meios consensuais para resolução de conflitos que tenham a Administração Pública como parte. Mais especificamente, a dissertação tratará da escolha entre valer-se de meios consensuais para a solução do conflito ou de relegá-lo a um meio adjudicatório, especialmente o processo judicial. No primeiro capítulo, o trabalho situa a adoção dos meios consensuais pela Administração Pública no contexto de desenvolvimento das ADRs no Brasil, com influência da experiência norte-americana. No segundo, trata de revisitar alguns dogmas do Direito Administrativo que possam configurar óbices à adoção dos meios consensuais, como a legalidade estrita e a supremacia do interesse público, bem como situar novamente o tema no contexto de expansão da atuação administrativa consensual. O terceiro capítulo apresenta conceitos importantes para compreender a questão como: interesse público e indisponibilidade; meios adjudicatórios de solução de conflitos; meios consensuais de solução de conflitos (negociação, mediação e conciliação). No quarto capítulo, serão abordadas as limitações que o regime de direito público impõe à adoção de meios consensuais pela Administração Pública. O quinto capítulo traz um contraponto aos meios consensuais, relatando algumas críticas e riscos de sua adoção. Por fim, o sexto capítulo relata pesquisa empírica realizada na Procuradoria-Geral do Município de São Paulo com a finalidade de revelar experiências e óbices práticos à adoção de meios consensuais. / This essay investigates the legal possibility and limitations of the use of consensual mechanisms of dispute resolution by Public Administration as one of the parties. More specifically, the essay addresses the choice between using consensual mechanisms to resolve the dispute or relegate it to adjudication, especially the judicial process. In the first chapter, the essay poses the use of consensual mechanisms by Public Administration in the context of ADRs development in Brazil, influenced by north american experience. In the second chapter, the essay revisits some tenets of Administrative Law that may constitute obstacles to the adoption of consensual mechanisms, such as strict legality and the supremacy of the public interest, and also poses the issue in the context of the expansion of consensual administrative action. The third chapter presents important concepts to understand the issue, such as: public interest and availability; adjudicatory mechanisms of dispute resolution; consensual mechanisms of dispute resolution (negotiation, mediation and conciliation). The fourth chapter adresses the limitations imposed by Public Law to the adoption of consensual mechanisms by Public Administration. The fifth chapter provides a counterpoint to consensual mechanisms, reporting some criticism and risks of its adoption. Finally, the sixth chapter reports empirical research conducted at São Paulo Citys Attorney General Office in order to reveal experiences and practical obstacles to the adoption of consensual mechanisms.

A presente dissertação investiga a possibilidade jurídica e as limitações da utilização de meios consensuais para resolução de conflitos que tenham a Administração Pública como parte. Mais especificamente, a dissertação tratará da escolha entre valer-se de meios consensuais para a solução do conflito ou de relegá-lo a um meio adjudicatório, especialmente o processo judicial. No primeiro capítulo, o trabalho situa a adoção dos meios consensuais pela Administração Pública no contexto de desenvolvimento das ADRs no Brasil, com influência da experiência norte-americana. No segundo, trata de revisitar alguns dogmas do Direito Administrativo que possam configurar óbices à adoção dos meios consensuais, como a legalidade estrita e a supremacia do interesse público, bem como situar novamente o tema no contexto de expansão da atuação administrativa consensual. O terceiro capítulo apresenta conceitos importantes para compreender a questão como: interesse público e indisponibilidade; meios adjudicatórios de solução de conflitos; meios consensuais de solução de conflitos (negociação, mediação e conciliação). No quarto capítulo, serão abordadas as limitações que o regime de direito público impõe à adoção de meios consensuais pela Administração Pública. O quinto capítulo traz um contraponto aos meios consensuais, relatando algumas críticas e riscos de sua adoção. Por fim, o sexto capítulo relata pesquisa empírica realizada na Procuradoria-Geral do Município de São Paulo com a finalidade de revelar experiências e óbices práticos à adoção de meios consensuais. / This essay investigates the legal possibility and limitations of the use of consensual mechanisms of dispute resolution by Public Administration as one of the parties. More specifically, the essay addresses the choice between using consensual mechanisms to resolve the dispute or relegate it to adjudication, especially the judicial process. In the first chapter, the essay poses the use of consensual mechanisms by Public Administration in the context of ADRs development in Brazil, influenced by north american experience. In the second chapter, the essay revisits some tenets of Administrative Law that may constitute obstacles to the adoption of consensual mechanisms, such as strict legality and the supremacy of the public interest, and also poses the issue in the context of the expansion of consensual administrative action. The third chapter presents important concepts to understand the issue, such as: public interest and availability; adjudicatory mechanisms of dispute resolution; consensual mechanisms of dispute resolution (negotiation, mediation and conciliation). The fourth chapter adresses the limitations imposed by Public Law to the adoption of consensual mechanisms by Public Administration. The fifth chapter provides a counterpoint to consensual mechanisms, reporting some criticism and risks of its adoption. Finally, the sixth chapter reports empirical research conducted at São Paulo Citys Attorney General Office in order to reveal experiences and practical obstacles to the adoption of consensual mechanisms.

O objetivo da presente dissertação de mestrado foi o de, a partir de uma análise fática das discussões judiciais travadas entre fisco e contribuinte para solução de controvérsias tributárias, constatar a ineficiência do sistema atualmente posto à disposição dos sujeitos envolvidos em tais relações e buscar soluções processualmente viáveis, com foco em mecanismos consensuais (transação) ou adjudicatórios de base consensual (arbitragem). Para tanto, partiu-se de uma análise do atual cenário dos litígios judiciais envolvendo fiscos e contribuintes, concluindo-se pela incapacidade do sistema a proporcionar soluções satisfatórias e tratamento adequado ao conflito (Parte I, Capítulo 1). Diante da realidade fática enfrentada, o problema é proposto para soluções de controvérsias tributárias, frente ao regime de indisponibilidade do crédito tributário. Na nova moldura das relações que envolvem o Estado, tendo em vista que não se afasta disponibilidade do crédito tributário desde que se dê nos termos da lei (Parte I, Capítulo 2), passou-se a uma análise dos meios atualmente postos à disposição dos fiscos e contribuintes para solução das controvérsias tributárias, vislumbrando-se, ao final, pela viabilidade de adoção de meios alternativos para solução de tais controvérsias (Parte I, Capítulo 3). A segunda parte do estudo é voltada à análise da arbitragem tributária, partindo da arbitrabilidade do crédito tributário (Parte II, Capítulo 1) até os requisitos formais e processuais para adoção de tal método privado e de base consensual para solução de conflitos tributários. Feitas as premissas necessárias, tratou-se dos aspectos processuais da arbitragem tributária, sempre os vinculando à estrita legalidade que permeia tais relações e será premissa de validade do procedimento que se cogita (Parte II, Capítulo 2). Finalmente, na terceira parte é feita a avaliação acerca da transigibilidade das controvérsias tributárias (Parte III, Capítulo 1) para, após, verificar os aspectos processuais da transação tributária, sempre com vistas à legalidade, tipicidade cerrada e limites impostos pela Lei de Responsabilidade Fiscal. / This dissertation aims at looking for feasible solutions from a procedural standpoint, based on a factual analysis of tax judicial lawsuits between the taxpayers and the Government that verified the inefficiency of the system currently made available to the parties involved in the said disputes, focused on the possibility of adopting the arbitration and transaction. Initially, it is discussed the current scenario of the judicial tax litigation, which resulted in the conclusion of the inability of the system to provide satisfactory solutions and appropriate treatment to the relevant conflicts (Part I, Chapter 1). Given such scenario, the proposed problem is how to use consensual mechanisms (transaction) or adjudicatory-based consensus procedures (arbitration) to resolve tax controversies, vis a vis the regime of unavailability of the tax credit. In the new framework of relations involving the States, which allows the availability of the tax credit strictly under the law (Part I, Chapter 2), it is analyzed the ways currently available to the tax authorities and taxpayers for the resolution of tax controversies and it is concluded for the feasibility of adopting alternative dispute resolution (ADR) methods (Part I, Chapter 3), in addition to the adjudicative resolution of the conflicts. Then, the second part of the study is focused on the analysis of tax arbitration, moving from the arbitrability of the tax credit (Part II, Chapter 1) to the substantive and procedural requirements for adopting such a method private and consensual-based for resolving tax disputes. As the necessary premises were confirmed, it is analyzed the procedural aspects of tax arbitration, always linking them to the strict legality that permeates tax matters and will utmost validate the arbitration for tax matters (Part II, Chapter 2). Finally, the third part is an evaluation about the possibility of tax transaction (Part III, Chapter 1); after that, it is analyzed the procedural aspects of the transaction for tax purposes, always under the strict legality and the limits imposed by the Fiscal Responsibility Law (Part III, Chapter 2).

La sphère publique n’est pas restée extérieure aux changements culturels profonds et qui constitue le recours aux modes alternatifs de règlement des conflits qui privilégient le dialogue et le sens du compromis. Depuis de nombreuses années, les entreprises publiques et plus généralement les services publics ont instauré des médiateurs, afin d’améliorer la relation aux usagers (La Poste, RATP, SNCF, ministère de l’Economie, Education nationale, etc.). Mais cette réforme est-elle emblématique d’un changement culturel profond au sein même de l’Etat ? Le développement du champ de la médiation sociale au niveau des rapports entre citoyens et services publics est-il au légendaire attachement de la France à la notion de service public ? A la présence très prégnante de ces services sur le territoire ? Aux très fortes attentes du public à leurs égards ? L’essor considérable de ces pratiques médiatrices, n’exprimerait-il pas, au fond, une métamorphose de l’action publique, qui cherche une nouvelle manière de gouverner la cité et de fabriquer de la cohésion sociale ?La médiation, tant dans le secteur privé que publique, peut-elle considérer comme indispensable à l’évolution de la société ? Constitue-t-elle une réponse nécessaire au regard de l’évolution des rapports, dans public entre le collectif et l’individu, dans le secteur économique entre les entreprises et le client ? Comment agit-elle, à quelle place, quelles peuvent être ses limites et ses pouvoirs ? / The public sphere has not remained closed to these deep, cultural changes which make up the recourse to alternative models of conflict management privileging dialogue and a feel for compromise. For many years, public firms and more generally the ‘services publics’ have employed mediators with a view to improving user-relations (La Poste, the RATP, the SNCF, the ministries of Economy, of Education, etc.). However, is this trend meaningful in terms of what would be a deep, cultural change within the State itself?Is such an evolution of the ‘champ’ of social mediation as to relations between citizens and ‘services publics’ in tune with the legendary attachment in France to the notion of the ‘service public à la française’; to the pregnant presence of these ‘services’ throughout the territory ? to the very high expectations on the part of the public as to these services ? Would the considerable spread of the mediating practices not, fundamentally, reflect a metamorphosis of public action itself? Is the latter in search of a new way to govern the City and to produce social cohesion?In both the private and public sectors, can mediation be considered as indispensable to the evolution of society? Does it make up a necessary response with regard to the evolution of relations between the collective and the individual in the public sphere, and between the firms and the customers in the economic sphere? How does mediation operate, in what dynamic, what can be its limits and its potency?

Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-07-04T12:55:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Renato Veloso.pdf: 1612817 bytes, checksum: 349619cb255a97ca91330187bdce138d (MD5) / Rejected by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br), reason: Item rejeitado, pois a ficha catalográfica está fora do padrão. Atenciosamente, Catarina Ribeiro Bibliotecária BEE - Ramal 5992/5993/5994 on 2017-07-07T12:39:49Z (GMT) / Submitted by Joana Azevedo (joanad@id.uff.br) on 2017-07-25T19:40:31Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Renato Veloso.pdf: 1612072 bytes, checksum: cb1df2fba081cdcd15f99f25a4d23953 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Biblioteca da Escola de Engenharia (bee@ndc.uff.br) on 2017-07-28T15:22:53Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Renato Veloso.pdf: 1612072 bytes, checksum: cb1df2fba081cdcd15f99f25a4d23953 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T15:22:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissert Renato Veloso.pdf: 1612072 bytes, checksum: cb1df2fba081cdcd15f99f25a4d23953 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-04-05 / No Brasil, há muito que se percebe uma insatisfação dos cidadãos na busca de equacionamento para seus conflitos, por soluções mais ágeis e efetivas para os dissensos. Fortes avanços e muitos esforços têm sido conduzidos em diversas frentes de trabalho institucionais e na governança pública, no sentido de divulgar os métodos de resolução de conflitos extrajudiciais, e entre eles, a Mediação, como oportunidades para inovações buscando novos caminhos que não dependam da tutela jurisdicional do Estado. Recentemente, com o advento da Lei nº 13.140, publicada em 26 de junho de 2015, a Mediação é uma realidade positivada e ganha força no cenário atual, tendo entrado em vigor em 26 de dezembro de 2015. Esta Lei estabeleceu a Mediação judicial, extrajudicial e também deu tratamento à autocomposição de conflitos em que for parte Pessoa Jurídica de Direito Público, trazendo segurança jurídica maior para a sua utilização. O presente estudo faz uma reflexão sobre os métodos alternativos de solução de conflitos à luz da Lei nº 13.140 e sua utilização no âmbito de uma autarquia pública. Foi desenvolvido um questionário para a pesquisa sobre mediação de conflitos, abordando, além dos dados do respondente, informações sobre o uso de meios consensuais na solução de conflitos e entendimento das motivações para o uso ou não dos meios consensuais. O questionário foi implantado na Plataforma SurveyMonkey e distribuídos via e-mail para 245 servidores da Autarquia que ocupam ou já ocuparam cargos de chefia, no período de 25/09/2016 a 10/10/2016, dos quais 90 responderam. Através da análise gráfica das frequências de respostas às questões apresentadas, pode-se concluir que a mediação de conflito é um instrumento importante e adequado para ser praticado na Administração Pública, apesar de não haver previsão para utilização dos meios consensuais de resolução de conflitos no âmbito da Autarquia estudada em decorrência de conflitos entre servidores. / In Brazil, there has long been perceived dissatisfaction among citizens in the search for a solution to their conflicts, for more agile and effective solutions to dissents. Strong advances and many efforts have been conducted in various institutional work sites and public governance, in order to disseminate extrajudicial methods of dispute resolution, including mediation, as opportunities for innovation seeking new ways that do not depend on the legal protection of State. Recently, with the advent of Law No. 13140, published on June 26, 2015, Mediation is a reality and gains strength in the current scenario, having entered into force on December 26, 2015. This Act established the extrajudicial court mediation and gave treatment to self-composition of conflicts in which it is part of Legal Entities of Public Law, providing greater legal certainty for its use. The present study is a reflection on alternative methods of conflict resolution in light of Law No. 13140 and its use in the context of a Public institution. A questionnaire was developed for the research on conflict mediation, addressing, in addition to the data of the respondent, information on the use of consensual means in the solution of conflicts and the understanding of the motivations for the use or not of consensual means. The questionnaire used the SurveyMonkey Platform and was emailed from 09/25/2016 to 10/10/2016 to 245 servants of the Public institution who occupy or have held head positions in the Organization. Out of this total, 90 servants responded. Through the graphical analysis of the frequencies of answers to the presented questions, it could be concluded that conflict mediation is an important and appropriate instrument to be practiced in Public Administration, although there is no intention for implementation of consensual means in the resolution of conflicts among the servants of the Organization studied

Le réseau Internet favorise les transactions transfrontalières, même entre des personnes vivant à des distances éloignées les unes des autres. La perméabilité des frontières lors de l'utilisation d'Internet rend difficile l'application des règles traditionnelles du droit international privé, fondées sur le paradigme territorial. Le présent mémoire a pour but d'analyser cette problématique. En premier lieu, nous explorons dans ce contexte les caractéristiques d'Internet et les sources pertinentes du droit international privé. À travers le prisme du cyberespace, nous procédons ensuite à un examen des critères juridictionnels retenus par la doctrine et la jurisprudence. Dans cette optique, nous accordons une attention particulière au domaine de la cyberconsommation, lequel est particulièrement vulnérable à l'absence de référence territoriale. En effet, le paternalisme étatique destiné à protéger les consommateurs peut difficilement s'y exercer. Dès lors, il devient évident que la communauté internationale, confrontée à cette nouvelle réalité, sera appelée à se tourner vers des modes alternatifs de résolution de conflits et que les États participeront à cette fin à une corégulation avec le secteur privé. / The Internet facilitates transborder transactions, even among people living far away from one another. The permeability of borders arising from the use of the Internet makes it very difficult to apply traditional rules under private internationallaw, which are based on a territorial paradigm. The purpose of this thesis is to analyse this problem. First, we explore the characteristics of the Internet in this particular context and the relevant sources of private international law. Through the prism of cyberspace, we then review jurisdictional criteria arising from the doctrine and jurisprudence. Special attention is paid to the field of cyberconsumers, which is particularly vulnerable to the absence of territorial references. Indeed, state paternalism designed to protect consumers is difficult to apply in this field. Confronted with this new reality, the international community will increasingly turn to alternative methods of dispute resolution, while States join forces with the private sector to develop co-regulations. / "Mémoire présenté à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l'obtention du grade de maîtrise en droit (LL.M.)"

<p> This thesis seeks to reorient the ideological foundations of restorative justice through feminist epistemologies to explore possibilities of how the movement might more fully actualize its values. The <i>Three Pillars of Restorative Justice,</i> conceptualized by Howard Zehr, offer an alternative process to the punitive recourse of the criminal justice system and serve as the foundation of mainstream restorative practices. However, the praxis and analytical discourse have stalled due to the limited binary of criminal and restorative justice frameworks. My thesis uses methodologies prominent in Black and Native feminisms-- such as critical thinking, contextual intelligence, and imagining futurity-- to complicate assumptions embedded in the criminal/restorative justice relationship. I establish the framework of restorative justice and briefly summarize the essential paradoxes to make clear the parallels and limits of the relationship. I then use feminist methodologies to reinterpret the pillars' values and introduce how some activists have begun to reimagine justice.</p>

This thesis examines community engagement as a form of conflict prevention in order to obtain the social license to operate (SLO) in Alberta’s oil and gas industry. It does this by answering the question: what are the key elements of the Social License to Operate and how can these elements be applied to community engagement/consultation in a way that prevents conflicts in Alberta’s oil and gas industry? The underlying assumption of this thesis is that building good relationships and working collaboratively functions as a form of conflict prevention and that this in turn leads to the SLO. This thesis outlines the key features of both successful community engagement and of the SLO, to provide a guideline for what is needed to obtain the SLO. Data was collected from semi-structured interviews and through a literature review. The data analysis concluded that there are direct parallels between the key elements of effective community engagement and the key elements of the SLO as identified in the interviews. These parallels are: knowing the community, addressing community needs, corporate social responsibility, relationship building, follow through and evidence for what has been done, executive buy-in, excellent communication, and open dialogue, all within a process which is principled (there is trust, understanding, transparency and respect), inclusive, dynamic, flexible, ongoing, and long-term. Moreover, the key elements of effective community engagement and of the SLO identified in the interviews also overlapped with those found in the literature review, with only one exception. The literature review explicitly named early involvement as a key element of both effective community engagement and the SLO, whereas the interview participants only explicitly indicated it as a key factor of community engagement and implied it to be a key element of the SLO. / Graduate