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Effect of sun drying on microbes in non-conventionalBhila, TE, Ratsaka, MM, Kanengoni, A, Siebrits, FK January 2010 (has links)
Abstract
There is concern whether cabbage and beetroot wastes from the Fresh Produce Market are safe for feeding animals given the fact that some will have been discarded at the onset of putrefaction. This study evaluated the effects of sun-drying on microbiological load (E. coli, coliform, yeast and moulds and total bacterial count) in waste vegetables from the fresh produce market, since smallholder farmers tend to use the by-products without processing given the opportunity. Cabbage and beetroot wastes were sun dried to 14% moisture and micro-organisms were enumerated on both wet and dried samples. The results showed that sun drying reduced the level of micro-organisms significantly in both cabbage and beetroot. Although microbial load varied from batch to batch in the wet samples, coliforms were significantly more abundant in wet beetroot than in the dried samples. However, dried beetroot contained significantly more yeast and moulds. Wet cabbage contained more coliform and yeast and moulds compared to sun-dried cabbage. The sun drying process is thus an efficient processing method for resource poor farmers to reduce the microbial load in these animal feed sources and improve their shelf life.
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Inclusão de grão de milheto em dietas de alto concentrado para ovinos em confinamento / Inclusion of a grain of corn in diets high concentrate for sheep in confinementPERON, Hugo Jayme Mathias Coelho 27 February 2012 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-27 / The ovine production is an activity that has developed gradually in the country, and growing in areas where before the sheep industry was negligible, enabling livestock production systems in small, medium and large farms and becoming a more profitable alternative investment means in agriculture, when compared with other agricultural as for example, beef cattle. objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of pearl millet grain replacing corn in the diet of feedlot ovine. SRD 32 lambs were used at 18 + / - 2 kg of body weight. The treatments consisted of four isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets. The complete rations were fed daily at 8 and 16h and food was weighed individually calculated and remains not to exceed 10% of the total weight of the diet. The design was randomized blocks with four treatments and eight replicates consisting of four levels of millet grain and eight repetitions. The blocks were defined according to weight and age at the beginning of the experiment. There was no significant difference (P <0.05) for average daily weight gain of animals, but we observed a decrease in daily dry matter intake was higher the level of millet in the experimental diets, possibly due to higher content of NDF and ADF contained in these diets.There was no influence of diets (P> 0.05) for NDF, CFDA, and CNDT CPB, but there was a linear increase in intake of NDF and ADF intake which may justify a lower dry matter intake observed in diets with higher concentrations of millet. The fractions (from rapid degradation) and fraction B (potentially degradable) were not affected by replacement of corn by pearl millet grain, as well as the fraction c (hourly rate of degradation of the potentially degradable). Statistical analysis showed no differences (P> 0.05) between the nitrogen fractions as a function of increasing levels of pearl millet. There was no significant difference (P >0.05) for the characteristics of final live weight, hot carcass weight and cold carcass weight of slaughtered animals which can be, for carcass yield and loin eye area was no significant difference between treatment, because of the diets were isonitrogenous and the content of concentrate to be similar in all treatments. Total replacement of corn by pearl millet resulted in 32% reduction in the cost of the diet, totaling R $ 0.14 per kg.Diets T3 and T4 exhibited higher profitability that a diet that contained more corn in the formulation, this is a result of the lower cost of production observed in these diets due to lower price of millet for maize associated with similar performance of pigs fedthus reversing a diet of better pay / A produção de ovinos é uma atividade que vem se desenvolvendo gradativamente no país, e crescendo em regiões em que antes a ovinocultura era insignificante, viabilizando sistemas de produção animal em pequenas, médias e grandes propriedades rurais e tornando-se mais uma alternativa rentável de investimento no meio agropecuário, quando comparados com outras atividades agropecuárias, como, por exemplo, a bovinocultura de corte. Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o efeito da inclusão de milheto grão em substituição ao milho na dieta de ovinos confinados. Foram utilizados 32 cordeiros SRD, com 18 +/- 2 kg de peso corporal. Os tratamentos foram constituídos de quatro dietas isoprotéicas e isoenergéticas. As rações completas foram fornecidas diariamente às 8 e as 16h e os alimentos foram pesados individualmente e as sobras calculadas para não ultrapassar 10% do peso total da dieta. O delineamento foi de blocos casualizados, com quatro tratamentos e oito repetições composto de quatro níveis de milheto grão e oito repetições. Os blocos foram definidos de acordo com o peso e a idade dos animais no início do experimento. Não houve diferença significativa (P<0,05) para o ganho de peso médio diário dos animais, porém foi observada uma redução no consumo de matéria seca diária quanto maior foi o nível de milheto nas dietas experimentais, possivelmente pelo maior teor de FDN e FDA contido nessas dietas. Não houve influência das dietas (P>0,05) sobre o CFDN, CFDA, CPB e CNDT, porém foi observado um aumento linear no consumo de FDN e no consumo de FDA, o que pode justificar um menor consumo de matéria seca observado nas dietas com maiores teores de milheto. As frações a (de rápida degradação) e a fração b (potencialmente degradável) não foram influenciadas pela substituição do milho pelo milheto grão, assim como a fração c (taxa horária de degradação da fração potencialmente degradável). A análise estatística indicou que não houve diferenças (P>0,05) entre as frações nitrogenadas em função do aumento nos níveis de milheto. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) para as características de peso vivo final, peso carcaça quente e peso de carcaça fria dos animais abatidos, para o rendimento carcaça e área de olho de lombo não houve diferença significativa entre os tratamentos, devido ao fato das dietas serem isoprotéicas e do teor de concentrado ser semelhante em todos os tratamentos. A substituição total do milho por milheto resultou em redução de 32% no custo da dieta, totalizando R$ 0,14 por kg de ração. As dietas T3 e T4 apresentaram lucratividade maior que a dieta 1 que continha mais milho na formulação, isso é resultado do menor custo de produção observado nessas dietas em função do menor preço do milheto em relação ao milho associado ao desempenho semelhante dos animais alimentados com a dieta T1 revertendo assim em melhor remuneração.
Palavras-chave: alimentos alternativos, cordeiros, nutrição, ruminantes.
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ADDRESSING FOOD SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN GUATEMALA: USING LOCAL FEEDS TO PROMOTE AQUACULTUREKirsten E Roe (9143207) 29 July 2020 (has links)
<p>Food security is an increasingly
important global challenge. Population increases, coupled with changing food
habits, are placing significant demand on the global food supply. Without
significant advances in agricultural techniques and approaches, it will be
difficult to feed the global population within several decades. Aquaculture is
one underutilized agricultural method which could help alleviate this impending
crisis if more farmers were able to implement improved techniques. One of the primary
inputs for successful aquaculture is a nutritionally complete feed. However,
commercial fish feeds may be prohibitively expensive or unavailable in many locations
in the developing world, reducing the ability of farmers to implement
economically successful aquaculture ventures. Providing farmers with the
ability to produce their own high-nutrition feeds with locally available ingredients
would be a key enabler for more widespread successful aquaculture efforts. This
dissertation focuses on the development and evaluation of alternative, locally
sourced, inexpensive fish feeds to maximize fish production in developing
countries.</p>
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Digestibilidade aparente da quirera e farelo de arroz para o tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum, Cuvier, 1818) / Apparent digestibility of rice bran and broken rice for tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818)Santana, Priscila Monise dos Santos 26 July 2017 (has links)
Fundação de Apoio a Pesquisa e à Inovação Tecnológica do Estado de Sergipe - FAPITEC/SE / The apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of rice by - products (rice bran and broken
rice) were estimated for the tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Juveniles with a mean
weight of 63.5 g (± 2.7) were distributed in conical bottom tanks with a capacity of 100
L. A reference diet was formulated according to the nutritional requirements of
tambaqui, while two test diets consisted of 70% of the reference diet and 30% of rice
bran or broken rice, with 0.5% of chromium oxide being incorporated as an external
marker. CDA determination was performed by the Guelph method modified with
excreta collection by sedimentation and quantification of chromium oxide. The dry
matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ethereal (EE), crude fiber (FB) and crude energy
(BW) of the reference diet were 71.7%, 88.9%, 86.1%, 42.6% and 91.6%, respectively.
The dietary CDAs with rice bran were similar to those of the reference diet (MS, 72.6%,
CP, 90.2%, EE, 86.0%, FB, 48.8%, and EB, 86.1% %). The diet with surgira presented
CDAs of 74.3% for MS, 88.2% for PB; 82.8% for EE, 55.7% for FB and 84.1% for EB.
Rice bran and broken rice were highly digested by tambaqui and could be used as
ingredients in diets for this species. / Os coeficientes de digestibilidade aparente (CDA) de subprodutos do beneficiamento do
arroz (farelo e quirera de arroz) foram estimados para o tambaqui Colossoma
macropomum. Juvenis com peso médio de 63,5 g (± 2,7) foram distribuídos em tanques
de fundo cônico com capacidade de 100 L. Uma dieta referência foi formulada de
acordo com as exigências nutricionais do tambaqui, enquanto duas dietas-teste foram
constituídas de 70% da dieta referência e 30% de farelo ou quirera de arroz, sendo
incorporado 0,5% de óxido de cromo como marcador externo. A determinação do CDA
foi realizada pelo método de Guelph modificado com a coleta das excretas por
sedimentação e quantificação do óxido de cromo. Os CDAs da matéria seca (MS),
proteína bruta (PB), extrato etéreo (EE), fibra bruta (FB) e energia bruta (EB) da dieta
referência foram 71,7%, 88,9%, 86,1%, 42,6% e 91,6%, respectivamente. Os CDAs da
dieta com o farelo de arroz foram semelhantes à da dieta referência (MS, 72,6%; PB,
90,2%; EE, 86,0%; FB, 48,8%; e EB, 86,1%). A dieta com quirera apresentou CDAs de
74,3% para MS, 88,2% para PB; 82,8% para EE, 55,7% para FB e 84,1% para EB. O
farelo e a quirera de arroz foram altamente digeridos pelo tambaqui, podendo ser
utilizados como ingredientes em dietas para essa espécie. / São Cristóvão, SE
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Consumo e digestibilidade aparente de dietas com n?veis crescentes do subproduto do caju em ovinos / Apparent intake and digestibility of diets with increasing levels of the byproduct of Cashew in sheepLeite, Dyego Felipe de Lima 15 March 2013 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-15 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / The present study was conducted to evaluate the intake and digestibility of diets containing increasing levels of byproduct of cashew in sheep. The animals were distributed in a completely randomized design were evaluated in four levels (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%) by product of cashew with four replicates, making up 16 observations. The indicator used was the Purified Lignin and Enriched - LIPE ?. The scorer was orally administered directly into the mouth of the animals, in the form of capsules 250mg/animal/dia for a period of two days and five days of adaptation samples being the same supplied with the aid of a hose polyethylene and a device allowing the release of the capsule in the esophagus of sheep. With the estimate made by the indicator LIPE was observed a reduction for DM, OM, CP, NDF, EE, NFC and MM along the inclusion of byproduct of cashew. The results of nutrient digestibility were not satisfactory with the inclusion of byproduct of cashew, reducing linearly with the inclusion of the diets. The use of increasing levels of byproduct of cashew in the diets of sheep did not provide satisfactory results, it is not feasible to use the animals studied in this experiment / Leite, Dyego Felipe de Lima. Consumo e digestibilidade aparente de dietas com n?veis crescentes do subproduto do caju em ovinos. 35 f. Disserta??o (Mestrado em Produ??o Animal). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte UFRN. Maca?ba RN, 2013.
O presente estudo foi conduzido com o objetivo de avaliar o consumo e a digestibilidade aparente de dietas contendo n?veis crescentes do subproduto do caju em ovinos. Os animais foram distribu?dos em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado, onde foram avaliados quatro n?veis de inclus?o (0%, 20%, 40%, 60%) do subproduto do caju com quatro repeti??es, perfazendo-se 16 observa??es. O indicador utilizado foi a Lignina Purificada e Enriquecida - LIPE?. O marcador foi administrado de forma oral diretamente na boca dos animais, no formato de c?psulas de 250mg/animal/dia por um per?odo de dois dias de adapta??o e cinco dias de coletas sendo o mesmo, fornecido com a ajuda de uma mangueira de polietileno e um dispositivo que permitisse o lan?amento da c?psula no es?fago dos ovinos. Com a estimativa feita pelo indicador LIPE foi observado uma redu??o nos consumos de MS, MO, PB, FDN, EE, CNF e MM ao longo da inclus?o do subproduto do caju. Os resultados de digestibilidade dos nutrientes n?o foram satisfat?rios com a inclus?o do subproduto do caju, reduzindo linearmente com a inclus?o deste nas dietas. O uso dos n?veis crescentes do subproduto do caju nas dietas dos ovinos n?o apresentou resultados satisfat?rios, n?o sendo vi?vel o seu uso para os animais estudados neste experimento
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