The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of parental socialization of mothers in sexism’s expression in children 6 and 7 years old. The participants were 30 children and their mothers. Previously the collect, it was requested the mother’s authorization for the participation of his son or her daughter. The collect had two steps – The first step was executed with the children and the second with the mothers. The interviews contained objective and subjective questions. Besides that, was also applied the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire and the Ambivalent Sexism Inventoy in the mothers. The results indicate that mothers with most flagrant sexism tend to produce a more sexist parent socialization. Contrary to our hypothesis, there was no correlation between parenting styles and gender identity of the children. However, we found out that more authoritarian and permissive mothers socialize their children towards the hostile flagrant. These results are discussed in the light of theories of parental socialization and ambivalent sexism. / O objetivo desta pesquisa foi investigar o efeito da socialização parental das mães na expressão do sexismo em crianças de 6 e 7 anos de idade. Participaram da pesquisa 30 crianças e suas respectivas mães. Precedente a coleta, foi solicitada às mães a autorização para a participação do(a) seu(sua) filho(a). A coleta possuiu duas etapas – uma realizada com as crianças e outra com as mães. As entrevistas continham perguntas abertas e fechadas. Também foram aplicados o Questionário de Estilos e Dimensões Parentais e o Inventário de Sexismo Ambivalente nas mães. Os resultados indicam que mães com sexismo mais flagrantes tendem a produzir uma socialização mais sexista. Contrariando a nossa hipótese, não houve correlação entre os estilos parentais e a identidade de gênero das crianças. Contudo, encontramos que mães mais autoritárias e permissivas socializam seus filhos na direção do sexismo flagrante. Estes resultados são discutidos à luz das teorias sobre socialização parental e do sexismo ambivalente.

Thesis (Ph. D. (Psychology)) -- University of Limpopo, 2019 / The present study investigated the gender moderated relationship between the dark tetrad personality types and sexual behaviours among African university students. Two studies were conducted using conveniently selected samples from two universities in Limpopo, South Africa. Both studies were quantitative in nature using a cross-sectional research design. An integrative theoretical approach was utilized in the conceptualization of the studies, and data was analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM). The first study (N = 261) determined the relationship between the dark tetrad personality types and sexual behaviours conceptualized as infidelity, sexual aggression, and sociosexuality. It was only sadism that had the capacity to predict infidelity and SOI-R desire. Regarding moderation, the results showed that gender only moderates the associations between Machiavellianism and SOI-R behaviour, psychopathy and SOI-R attitude, and sadism and infidelity. The second study (N = 275) examined if the relationship between the Dark Tetrad personality types and socio-sexuality would be mediated by adversarial sexual beliefs (ASB) and ambivalent sexism (benevolent [BS] and hostile sexism [HS]). Results showed that the relationship between sadism and SOI-R behaviour and desire, Machiavellianism and SOI-R behaviour and desire were fully mediated by BS, and the association between sadism and all the SOI-R components, Machiavellianism and all the SOI-R components, and psychopathy and all the SOI-R components were fully mediated ASB. Additionally, gender only moderated the ASB mediated associations between sadism and SOI-R behaviour, and sadism and SOI-R attitude. Ultimately, the study advances recommendations for future studies. / NRF ( National Research Foundation)

Research has shown that individuals' willingness to believe a disclosure of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is related to just-world beliefs, ambivalent sexism, and defensive attribution. However, researchers do not know whether these variables relate to posts made in response to online articles describing CSA. Negative or disbelieving posts may impact not only the author, but also readers who view these comments via hindrance of disclosures, increased self-blame, and avoidance of help seeking. In this quantitative study, just-world, ambivalent sexism, and defensive attribution theories provided the theoretical basis used to determine whether just-world beliefs, ambivalent sexism, and defensive attribution influenced comments made in response to an online article about CSA disclosure. Eight-hundred twenty participants read the article where the author discloses she was sexually abused as a child. Response comments were coded negative, neutral, or positive. Participants also completed demographic questions, the Global Belief in a Just World Scale, the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory, and questions regarding their similarity to the offender and victim. Multinomial logistic regression analysis showed relationships between negative posts and hostile sexism, perceived similarity to the perpetrator, frequent involvement in online discourse, and, to a lesser extent, belief in a just world. Parenthood and perceived similarity to the author increased one's odds of posting positively. Responses of CSA survivors resulted in unexpected findings. Study findings may be used to challenge stereotypes and vitriol often used to silence survivors in public discourse, for thought challenging in psychotherapeutic settings, and for future public education and research to increase support for CSA survivors.

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