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Piu Wong. / Thesis submitted in: July 2002. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 126-146). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Thesis committee --- p.i / Statement --- p.ii / Abstract --- p.iii / Acknowledgement --- p.viii / General abbreviations --- p.xi / Abbreviations of chemicals --- p.xiii / List of figures --- p.xv / List of Tables --- p.xvii / Table of contents --- p.xviii / Chapter 1 --- Literature review / Chapter 1.1 --- Overviews --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Nutritional and economical significance of aspartate family amino acidsin human and animal nutrition --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Synthesis of aspartate family amino acids in plants --- p.2 / Chapter 1.2 --- Regulation of aspartate family amino acids between sink and source organs --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Co-ordination of genes/enzymes involved in amide amino acid metabolism to channel aspartate for aspartate family amino acid synthesis --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Sink-source regulation as a general mechanism in plants --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3 --- Source regulation at free amino acid level --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Regulation of free methionine synthesis --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1.1 --- Competition for OPHS between TS and CGS --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.1.2 --- Turnover of CGS mRNA --- p.12 / Chapter 1.3.1.3 --- Post-translational regulation of CGS enzyme --- p.13 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Regulation of lysine synthesis and catabolism --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.2.1 --- Feedback regulation loop --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.2.2 --- Possible intracellular compartmentalization of enzymes and metabolitesin regulating lysine level --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3.2.3 --- Co-ordination of gene/enzyme in aspartate kinase pathway in regulating flux to Lys --- p.21 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Significance of lysine catabolism in mammals and plants --- p.24 / Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Complex developmental regulation and stress response of LKR/SDH gene expression --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- Regulation through a novel composite locus LKR-SDH --- p.28 / Chapter 1.3.3.3 --- Post-translational control of LKR-SDH activity --- p.31 / Chapter 1.3.3.4 --- Implication of two metabolic flux in Lys catabolism --- p.34 / Chapter 1.4 --- Source (free lysine) enhancement in transgenic plants --- p.36 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Expression of feedback insensitive enzyme in transgenic plants to enhance free lysine supply in transgenic plant --- p.36 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Reducing or eliminating lysine catabolism to enhance free lysine poolin transgenic plants --- p.40 / Chapter 1.5 --- Sink regulation --- p.41 / Chapter 1.5.1 --- Engineering transgenic plants through expression of seed storage protein (sink) --- p.41 / Chapter 1.5.2 --- "Dynamic relationship between sink protein, nitrogen metabolism and sulphur metabolism" --- p.45 / Chapter 1.6 --- Transgenic plants with improved source or enhanced sinks related to aspartate family amino acids available for our research --- p.47 / Chapter 1.6.1 --- Enhanced source: ASN1 over-expressers --- p.47 / Chapter 1.6.2 --- Enhanced source: metL transgenic plants --- p.47 / Chapter 1.6.3 --- Altered source: RNAi line --- p.47 / Chapter 1.6.4 --- Effective sink: LRP transgenic plants --- p.48 / Chapter 1.7 --- Overall concept of this study --- p.48 / Chapter 2 --- Materials and methods --- p.50 / Chapter 2.1 --- Materials and growth conditions --- p.50 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- "Plants, bacterial strains and vectors" --- p.50 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Chemicals and reagents used --- p.53 / Chapter 2.1.3 --- Solutions used --- p.53 / Chapter 2.1.4 --- Commercial kits used --- p.53 / Chapter 2.1.5 --- Equipment and facilities used --- p.53 / Chapter 2.1.6 --- Growth condition --- p.53 / Chapter 2.1.7 --- Tagging of A. thaliana siliques of different developmental stage --- p.54 / Chapter 2.2 --- Methods --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Expression pattern analysis --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.1.1 --- RNA extraction --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.1.2 --- Generation of single-stranded DIG-labelled ASN1 DNA probes --- p.55 / Chapter 2.2.1.3 --- Testing the concentration of DIG-labelled probes --- p.56 / Chapter 2.2.1.4 --- Northern blot --- p.57 / Chapter 2.2.1.5 --- Hybridization --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.1.6 --- Stringency washes --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.1.7 --- Chemiluminescent detection --- p.58 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Amino acid analysis and nitrogen determination --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2.2.1 --- Free amino acids in A. thaliana --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2.2.2 --- Phloem exudates collection from A. thaliana --- p.60 / Chapter 2.2.2.3 --- Soluble Protein quantitation --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.2.4 --- Extraction of salt and water soluble protein from A. thaliana seeds --- p.61 / Chapter 2.2.2.5 --- Purification and amino acid analysis of protein extracts from A. thaliana seeds --- p.62 / Chapter 2.2.2.6 --- Total amino acid determination in mature dry seeds --- p.63 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Generation of crossing progenies --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.3.1 --- Artificial crossing of A. thaliana --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.3.2 --- CTAB extraction of genomic DNA --- p.64 / Chapter 2.2.3.3 --- PCR screening for successful crossing --- p.65 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Generation of transgenic plants --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.4.1 --- Cloning of E.coli dapA gene --- p.67 / Chapter 2.2.4.2 --- Preparation of recombinant plasmid --- p.68 / Chapter 2.2.4.3 --- Gene sequencing --- p.68 / Chapter 2.2.4.4 --- Homology search of differentially expressed genes --- p.69 / Chapter 2.2.4.5 --- Construction of chimeric dapA genes (TP-Phas-dapA) --- p.69 / Chapter 2.2.4.6 --- Transformation of electro-competent Agrobacterium cell --- p.73 / Chapter 2.2.4.7 --- Transformation of A. thaliana through vacuum infiltration --- p.73 / Chapter 2.2.4.8 --- Selection of hemizygous and homozygous transgenic plants --- p.74 / Chapter 2.2.4.9 --- Expression analysis of homozygous LRP/dapA transgenic plants --- p.75 / Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.77 / Chapter 3.1 --- Characterization of ASN1 over-expressers --- p.77 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Overexpression of the ASN1 gene enhances the sink-source relationship of asparagine transport under regular daylight cycle --- p.88 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Spatial distribution of total free amino acids under normal daylight cycle --- p.88 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Over-expression of the ASN1 gene affects free amino acid level quantitatively under normal daylight cycle --- p.89 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Over-expression of the ASN1 gene affects composition of total amino acid under normal daylight cycle --- p.89 / Chapter 3.2 --- Construction of dapA transgenic Arabidopsis --- p.91 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Construction of chimeric gene for expression of the dapA gene --- p.91 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Transformation of p1300/Phas-dapA into Arabidopsis and selection of homozygous progenies --- p.91 / Chapter 3.3 --- Generation of transgenic plants with altered sink-source relationship through crossing and in-planta transformation --- p.96 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Rationale in methods for generating transgenic plants with different combination of sources and sinks --- p.96 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Screening for double homozygous progenies through crossing --- p.98 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Screening for F1 progenies of successful crossing --- p.100 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Selection of homozygous crossing progenies --- p.102 / Chapter 3.3.5 --- Screening for homozygous dapA/LRP transgenic plants --- p.104 / Chapter 3.4 --- Amino acid composition analysis --- p.109 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- The change of aspartate family amino acids in mature seeds of transgenic plants with altered sources --- p.113 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- The change of aspartate family amino acids in mature seeds of transgenic plants with improved sink --- p.114 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- The change of aspartate family amino acids in mature seeds of transgenic plants with improved sink --- p.115 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Characterization of ASN1 over-expressers --- p.116 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Possible regulation of ASN1 mRNA stability through level of asparagine --- p.117 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Over-expression of ASN1 gene may improve nitrogen remobilisation from source to sink tissues --- p.118 / Chapter 4.1.3 --- Over-expression of ASN1 gene has modified the composition of amino acidsin sink organs --- p.119 / Chapter 4.2 --- ASN1 RNAi transgenic plants increases the relative contents of lysine in the seeds --- p.122 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Role of ASN1 in supplying or competing aspartate in developing seeds --- p.122 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Possible role of glutamate receptor --- p.123 / Chapter 4.3 --- Lysine catabolism may strictly control the level of lysine --- p.123 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Possible role of lysine-tRNA in protein synthesis --- p.124 / Chapter 5. --- Conclusion and prospective --- p.125 / References --- p.126 / Appendix --- p.147

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:48:33Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 garcia_vcl_me_botfm_prot.pdf: 957486 bytes, checksum: f860c8e0d2f9c1906e798f8bcd79542f (MD5) / o paciente com câncer de esôfago tem a desnutrição protéico-energética como principal fator de risco. A taurina é um composto sulfurado que participa de funções fisiológicas importantes, como a manutenção do sistema de defesa do organismo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar o metabolismo da taurina e seus precursores e a associação destes, com os indicadores nuíricionais de pacientes com câncer de esôfago. Para tanto, realizou-se estudo prospectivo com corte vertical e grupo controle, em 18 pacientes (43-73 anos) portadores de neoplasia maligna de esôfago, e 20 voluntários (27-65 anos) controles sadios. Em todos foram realizadas dosagens plasmáticas de taurina, cisteína e homocisteína e avaliação do estado nutricional antropométrico e bioquímico. Paralelamente, foram coletados dados referentes à história e ao diagnóstico clínico e período de sobrevivência dos pacientes. Os dados foram analisados por meio do teste t de Sfudenf e correlação de Pearson. O câncer de esôfago foi mais predominante no sexo masculino e na raça branca. Houve maior freqüência do carcinoma espino celular e localização no terço superior. A maioria dos pacientes. no momento do diagnóstico, apresentou estágio avançado da doença (estadio IV). A perda de peso nos pacientes foi de 14,9%, entretanto, variáveis CMB e %GC não apresentaram diferença estatística com o controle. Adicionalmente, no grupo de estudo, foram observadas hipoalbuminemia e elevação da PCR (55,5% e 50% dos pacientes, respectivamente). Os níveis de Hb, Ht, Colesterol total, HOL e cisteína foram menores, e os de TGO, TGP, taurina e homocisteína maiores significativamente do que o grupo controle (p<0,05). A taurina se correlacionou positivamente com CTL (r=0,49 e p=O,03) e a sobrevida... / The main risk factor of the esophagus' cancer patient is pratein-energetic malnourishment. Taurine is a sulphur-containing amino acid which takes part in important physiological functions such as organíc defense system maintenance. The objective of this work was to study the metabolism of taurine and its precursors and their association with nutritional indicators in patients with esophagus cancer whose main risk factor is protein-energy undemutrition. This was a prospective study with a vertical cut and control group with 18 malignant esophageal neoplasia (4373yrs) and 20 healthy volunteers (27-65yrs). Ali individuais were scrutinized with respect to their plasma levels of taurine, cysteine, and homocysteine and underwent nutritional, anthropometrical, and biomedical state evaluation. Also data were collected on patient history, clínical diagnosis, and survival time. Data were analyzed by Student t and Pearson Correlatíon tests. Esophagus cancer was more predominant in white males. Squamous cel! carcinoma and superior third location were frequent Most patients were in the advanced stage when diagnosed (Stage IV). Patient weight loss was 14.9%, however, AMC and %BF were not statistically different to contrais. Additionally hypoalbuminemia and elevaíed PCR (in 55.5% & 50% of patients, respectively). Hb, Ht, total cholesterol, HDL, and cysteine were significantly lower, and GOT, GPT, taurine, and homocysteine significantly higher than controls (p<0.05). Taurine positively correlated with CTL... (Complete abstract click eletronic address below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-02-24Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:22Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 vitorino_hs_me_botfca.pdf: 1010025 bytes, checksum: ebb8cca22a8439d8a7f6d2ab0925617d (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar em condições de casa de vegetação a eficiência de herbicidas inibidores das enzimas acetolactato sintase (ALS) e protoporfirinogênio oxidase (PROTOX) em pós-emergência em plantas de Euphorbia heterophylla, Bidens pilosa e Ipomoea grandifolia quando submetidos a déficit hídrico, bem como a ação destes sobre algumas características bioquímicas. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4x2, sendo quatro herbicidas utilizados (fomesafen, lactofen, chlorimuron-ethyl e imazethapyr) e dois níveis de déficit hídrico: com déficit (-0,5 MPa) e sem déficit (-0,01 MPa). Quando as plantas daninhas atingiram o estádio de um par de folhas definitivas a manutenção da umidade do solo nos dois níveis de cada tratamento. Aos 7, 14, 21 e 28 dias após a aplicação (DAA) dos herbicidas foi avaliado o controle (por escala visual) e aos 28 DAA a massa seca da parte aérea. As plantas utilizadas para a determinação dos solutos orgânicos (carboidratos solúveis, proteínas totais e aminoácidos livres) foram coletadas às 24, 48, 72 e 96 horas após a aplicação (HAA). Todos os herbicidas controlaram as plantas daninhas de I. grandifolia, enquanto que apenas os inibidores da PROTOX foram eficientes no controle de E. heterophylla, contudo para as plantas de B. pilosa o fomesafen foi o único herbicida que proporcionou um controle satisfatório. O déficit hídrico reduziu o controle de todos herbicidas estudados. Tanto o déficit hídrico como a aplicação de herbicidas aumentaram o conteúdo de carboidratos solúveis em todas as plantas estudadas. O teor de proteínas encontrado nas plantas daninhas estudadas foi reduzido pelo déficit hídrico e a aplicação dos herbicidas, enquanto que para as concentrações de aminoácidos livres os herbicidas proporcionaram um incremento nessa concentração... / The objective of this work was to evaluate conditions in the greenhouse the efficiency of herbicides inhibitors of acetolactate synthase (ALS) and protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PROTOX) post-emergence in plant of Euphorbia heterophylla, Ipomoea grandifolia and Bidens pilosa when subjected to water deficit, as well as to determine the effect of these on some biochemical characteristics. The experimental design was randomized blocks in factorial scheme 4x2, with four herbicides (fomesafen lactofen, chlorimuron-ethyl and imazethapyr), and two levels of water deficit: with deficit (-0,5 MPa) and no deficit (-0,01MPa). When weeds reached the stage of a pair of true leaves to maintain soil moisture at the two leaves of each treatment. At 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after application (DAA), was evaluated the control (a visual scale), and 28 DAA, the dry weight of shoots. The plants used for the determination of organics solutes (soluble carbohydrates, protein and free amino acids) were collected at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after application (HAA). All herbicides controlled the weeds of I. grandifolia whereas only PROTOX inhibitors were effective in control of E. heterophylla, however, to plants of B. pilosa fomesafen was the single that provided satisfactory control. Water deficit reduced the control of all the herbicides. Both the water deficit and herbicide application increased the soluble carbohydrate content in all species studied. The protein found in the weeds studied were reduced by water deficit and herbicide application, whereas for concentrations of free amino acids the herbicides have provided an increase in this concentration, but with respect to water deficit caused reduction of amino acids, except for plants B. pilosa

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:22:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-04-29Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:27:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nobrega_mp_me_arafcf.pdf: 218413 bytes, checksum: d256ec81f8a403994d54fe3345cf600b (MD5) / A taurina é um aminoácido livre, abundante no meio intracelular, sendo indispensável para felinos e condicionalmente indispensável em humanos. É um composto final do metabolismo dos aminoácidos sulfurados (metionina e cisteína). Suas funções principais são osmorregulação, modulação do cálcio iônico, estabilização da membrana plasmática, detoxificação dos ácidos biliares, desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central e da retina, neurotransmissor inibitório, imunomodulação e atividade antioxidante, diminuição da formação do ácido hipocloroso (HOCl-) na eclosão fagocitária e, também, possível modulação das citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Acredita-se que por meio da suplementação de taurina ocorrerão alterações no desempenho físico e oxidação de nutrientes em atletas de natação. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a taxa de oxidação de nutrientes em repouso, bem como o desempenho físico e a ingestão energética antes e após a suplementação de taurina durante o período de treinamento. Será avaliado o efeito da suplementação de taurina por oito semanas em 16 atletas nadadores de elite, do sexo masculino de Ribeirão Preto. Foram realizadas medidas de calorimetria indireta, oxidação de nutrientes e nitrogênio urinário, avaliação da taurina plasmática, avaliação da ingestão alimentar e avaliação de desempenho através de medidas de lactato. Os valores de taurina plasmática apresentaram diferença estatística. O lactato aumentou no grupo que recebeu taurina, sendo que este aumento apresentou diferença estatística, as outras variáveis não apresentaram diferenças. Conclui-se que a suplementação de taurina... / Taurine is a free amino acid, abundant intracellularly, that is essential for cats and conditionally essential for humans. Thus, it is believed that taurine supplementation is able to promote positive changes in physical performance and oxidation of nutrients in elite swimmers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of oxidation of nutrients at rest as well as physical performance and energy intake before and after supplementation of taurine throughout the training period. The effect of taurine supplementation was assessed for eight weeks in 16 elite male swimmers from Ribeirão Preto. Measurements of indirect calorimetry, oxidation of nutrients and urinary nitrogen were performed and the assessments of plasma taurine and food intake as well as the performance evaluation through measurements of lactate. The values of plasma taurine showed statistical difference. Lactate increased in the group that received taurine, whereas this increase showed statistical difference, the other variables showed no differences. It is concluded that taurine supplementation increased plasma concentration of taurine, however caused no... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Introdução - A metabolômica permite determinar padrões de variação dos metabólitos entre indivíduos doentes e não doentes, com ou sem ingestão de um determinado alimento ou dieta. Compreender a relação entre metabólitos e doenças metabólicas pode ajudar a combater obesidade e doenças crônicas. Objetivo - Investigar a associação entre o perfil metabolômico de aminoácidos, a ingestão dietética e o estado nutricional em adultos participantes do Inquérito de Saúde no município de São Paulo, Brasil. Métodos - Foram avaliados dados de 168 indivíduos. A análise metabolômica para identificação de 21 aminoácidos foi realizada nas amostras de plasma, utilizando kit AbsoluteIDQTMp180 da Biocrates Life Science AG (Innsbruck, Austria). O consumo alimentar foi estimado por meio da aplicação do questionário de frequência alimentar. Os grupos de aminoácidos e de alimentos foram submetidos à análise fatorial por componente principal. A variável Metabolicamente Saudável foi construída considerando-se as Diretrizes da Sociedade Brasileira de Cardiologia para o diagnóstico e tratamento da síndrome metabólica. A regressão linear múltipla foi aplicada para avaliar as associações, tendo como variáveis de ajustes: etnia, idade, renda familiar, sexo, dieta, atividade física. A comparação entre grupos foi feita por MANOVA e a confirmação da diferença significativa pelo teste de Bonferroni. Resultados - A porcentagem de indivíduos com obesidade foi de 24%, sendo que a média de IMC correspondeu a 26 kg/m2. A população estudada apresentou média de idade de 50 anos, sendo a maioria de etnia branca (56%) e do sexo masculino (52%), com pouca adesão à atividade física (21%). Os parâmetros bioquímicos estavam, em média, abaixo das concentrações estabelecidas como normais, exceto a insulina, cuja média foi de 20,8 ?UI/mL. Todavia, ao estratificar pelo estado nutricional e metabolicamente saudável, os parâmetros bioquímicos se mostraram diferentes, tais como a glicemia, triglicerídeos e colesterol total. A ingestão dietética foi igual entre os grupos estudados. O perfil de aminoácido revelou potencial de diferenciar os estados nutricional e metabólico, destacando os aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada (Leu, Ile, Val). Foram identificados dois padrões de aminoácidos relacionados a beta oxidação e aos aminoácidos glicogênicos. O primeiro teve relação positiva para os indivíduos com obesidade e metabolicamente não saudável. O segundo, apresentou relação inversa para ambos os estados. O consumo de manganês pela população foi de 2,5 mg/dia, sendo infusão de mate a principal fonte (28mg Mn/porção). Os indivíduos obesos ingeriram menor quantidade de manganês, que apresentou relação inversa ao estado nutricional e ao padrão de aminoácidos relacionado ao metabolismo não saudável. Identificaram-se três padrões alimentares: perfil saudável, tradicional e moderno. A associação com o estado nutricional e metabolicamente saudável foi positiva para o padrão saudável. Conclusão - Os aminoácidos de cadeia ramificada se revelaram biomarcadores para identificar o estado nutricional e metabólico de indivíduos adultos. Os indivíduos que tiveram baixo consumo de manganês apresentaram maior adesão ao perfil metabolômico de aminoácidos relacionados com beta oxidação. / Introduction - The metabolomics allows to determine patterns of variation of the metabolites between people with or without illness, considering or not the food consumption. Understanding the relationship between metabolites and metabolic disorders, it is possible to deal with obesity and chronic diseases. Objective - To investigate the association between the metabolic profile of amino acids and dietary intake and nutritional status in adults from the household survey conducted in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Method - The 21 amino acids were identified by metabolomic analysis, using Absolute IDQTMp 180 kit from Biocrates Life Science AG (Innsbruck, Austria). Food intake was estimated using the food frequency questionnaire. The amino acid and food groups were submitted to factorial analysis by main component. The Metabolically Healthy variable was constructed considering the Guidelines of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology for the diagnosis and treatment of the metabolic syndrome. Multiple linear regression was applied to evaluate the associations, adjusted by the variables: ethnicity, age, family income, sex, diet, physical activity. The comparison between groups was made by MANOVA, and the confirmation of the significant difference, by the Bonferroni test. Results - The percentage of people with obesity was 24%, although the mean BMI corresponded to 26 kg/m2. The population studied presented a mean age of 50 years, most of them white (56%) and male (52%), with little adherence to physical activity (21%). The biochemical parameters were, on average, below the established normal concentrations, except for insulin (20,8 ?UI/mL). However, when stratified by nutritional status and metabolically healthy, the biochemical parameters were statistically different. The dietary intake was the same among the groups studied. The amino acid profile revealed potential to differentiate the nutritional and metabolic states, highlighting the branched chain amino acids. Two amino acid patterns related to beta-oxidation and glycogenic amino acids had been identified. The former had a positive relationship for obese and metabolically unhealthy people. The second presented an inverse relation for both states. The manganese consumption by the population was 2.5 mg / day, and the mate infusion was the main source (28mg Mn/serving). Obese subjects consumed less manganese, which had an inverse relationship to nutritional status and to the amino acid pattern related to unhealthy metabolism. Three dietary patterns were identified: healthy, traditional and modern profiles. The association with nutritional and metabolically healthy status was positive for the healthy pattern. Conclusion - The branched-chain amino acids had been revealed to be biomarkers to identify the nutritional and metabolic status of adult individuals. The individuals that had low manganese consumption showed greater adhesion to the metabolic profile of amino acids related to beta-oxidation, and could be used as biomarker for the ingestion of this micronutrient.

by Wang Guo-Xin. / "April 2004." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 184-194). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Orientador: Júlio Sérgio Marchini / Coorientador: Ellen Cristini de Freitas / Banca: Thais Borges Cesar / Banca: Enrico Fuini Puggina / Resumo: A taurina é um aminoácido livre, abundante no meio intracelular, sendo indispensável para felinos e condicionalmente indispensável em humanos. É um composto final do metabolismo dos aminoácidos sulfurados (metionina e cisteína). Suas funções principais são osmorregulação, modulação do cálcio iônico, estabilização da membrana plasmática, detoxificação dos ácidos biliares, desenvolvimento do sistema nervoso central e da retina, neurotransmissor inibitório, imunomodulação e atividade antioxidante, diminuição da formação do ácido hipocloroso (HOCl-) na eclosão fagocitária e, também, possível modulação das citocinas pró-inflamatórias. Acredita-se que por meio da suplementação de taurina ocorrerão alterações no desempenho físico e oxidação de nutrientes em atletas de natação. O objetivo do presente trabalho é avaliar a taxa de oxidação de nutrientes em repouso, bem como o desempenho físico e a ingestão energética antes e após a suplementação de taurina durante o período de treinamento. Será avaliado o efeito da suplementação de taurina por oito semanas em 16 atletas nadadores de elite, do sexo masculino de Ribeirão Preto. Foram realizadas medidas de calorimetria indireta, oxidação de nutrientes e nitrogênio urinário, avaliação da taurina plasmática, avaliação da ingestão alimentar e avaliação de desempenho através de medidas de lactato. Os valores de taurina plasmática apresentaram diferença estatística. O lactato aumentou no grupo que recebeu taurina, sendo que este aumento apresentou diferença estatística, as outras variáveis não apresentaram diferenças. Conclui-se que a suplementação de taurina... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Taurine is a free amino acid, abundant intracellularly, that is essential for cats and conditionally essential for humans. Thus, it is believed that taurine supplementation is able to promote positive changes in physical performance and oxidation of nutrients in elite swimmers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the rate of oxidation of nutrients at rest as well as physical performance and energy intake before and after supplementation of taurine throughout the training period. The effect of taurine supplementation was assessed for eight weeks in 16 elite male swimmers from Ribeirão Preto. Measurements of indirect calorimetry, oxidation of nutrients and urinary nitrogen were performed and the assessments of plasma taurine and food intake as well as the performance evaluation through measurements of lactate. The values of plasma taurine showed statistical difference. Lactate increased in the group that received taurine, whereas this increase showed statistical difference, the other variables showed no differences. It is concluded that taurine supplementation increased plasma concentration of taurine, however caused no... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Suzana Dias (suzana.dias@famerp.br) on 2018-10-29T17:50:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RubensdePaulaJunior_tese.pdf: 3756902 bytes, checksum: 62626523c38921fce4f785793a29be0e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-10-29T17:50:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RubensdePaulaJunior_tese.pdf: 3756902 bytes, checksum: 62626523c38921fce4f785793a29be0e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-27 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / Breast cancer is the most prevalent neoplasm in women and the subtype Triple Negative (TNBC) is one of the most serious because of its aggressive metabolic phenotype. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary neoplasm in liver tissue and, together with breast neoplasms, leads to the causes of death associated with cancer worldwide. It is known that tumor behavior is influenced by the host local intrinsic inflammation in the tumor microenvironment, as well as, by the metabolism reprogramming. Immunological cells in the tumor microenvironment are modulate by cytokines and transcription factors such as NF-kB. In addition to inflammation, host metabolism is under the diurnal control, which can control circulating levels of amino acids thus making it an important target for cancer analysis. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of melatonin on the transcript profile, on the modulation of NF-kB in breast and hepatic cancer models as well as on the metabolic profile in plasma during a diurnal variation in breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In vitro was used HepG2 and MDA-MB-231. In vivo the tumor was developed by implantation of MDA-MB-231 tumor cells in nude athymic female mice. Plasma samples were collected under strict conditions at eight times during a full day and the tumors were removed for gene expression, RNA sequencing and Mass Spectrometry. RESULTS: It was observed a reduction in tumor volume and the expression of NF-kB in the animals with breast cancer and treated with melatonin. On the other hand, melatonin increased the expression of NF-kB in hepatocarcinoma cells. In the mammary tumor, microenvironment melatonin increased the expression of the Tnfaip8l2 and Il1f6 genes, which are important in the local immune response. In plasma, among the 20 amino acids detected, 10 had similar behavior during the day. At most times of the day, animals with tumor had reduced plasma levels of these amino acids. In addition, there was an inversion in the profile of these amino acids between the groups observed in the first hours of the morning. CONCLUSIONS: The effect of melatonin on NF-kB in breast cancer appears to be better defined, but in liver cancer its role remains controversial. In the same way the anti-tumor action of melatonin was proven by the high expression of the Tnfaip8l2 and Il1f6 genes in the tumor microenvironment. In the plasma samples, the changes in metabolites are a reflex of the altered metabolism, determined by mammary tumor cells in the mice background. While this inversion of the amino acid profile in animals suggests that one cyclic event of host metabolism at these times appears to influence circulating amino acid levels. Thus, our results have pointed out that during carcinogenesis there is a strong association between the immune response and the chronobiology of the host that requires further investigations. / O câncer de mama é a neoplasia mais prevalente em mulheres e o subtipo Triplo Negativo (TNBC) é considerado o mais grave por possuir um fenótipo metabólico agressivo. O Carcinoma Hepatocelular (HCC) é a neoplasia primária mais frequente no tecido hepático e junto com as neoplasias mamárias lidera as causas de óbito associadas ao câncer no mundo. Sabe-se que o comportamento tumoral é influenciado pela inflamação local no microambiente intrínseco do hospedeiro, bem como pela reprogramação do metabolismo. Células imunológicas no microambiente tumoral são moduladas por citocinas e fatores de transcrição como o NF-kB. Além da inflamação, o metabolismo do hospedeiro está sobre o controle cíclico diurno, o qual pode controlar os níveis circulantes de aminoácidos, tornando assim um alvo importante para análises do câncer. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o efeito da melatonina no perfil de transcritos e na modulação do NF-kB em modelos de câncer de mama e hepático, e também o perfil metabólico no plasma durante uma variação diurna em modelos de câncer de mama. MATERIAL E MÉTODOS: In vitro, foram utilizadas células HepG2 e MDA-MB-231. In vivo, o tumor foi desenvolvido pela implantação de células tumorais MDA-MB-231 em camundongos fêmeas nude atímicos. Amostras de plasma foram coletadas sob rigorosas condições em oito tempos durante um dia completo e os tumores foram retirados para análises de expressão gênica, sequenciamento de RNA e Espectrometria de Massas. RESULTADOS: Foi observada redução do volume tumoral e também da expressão de NF-kB nos animais com câncer de mama e tratados com melatonina; por outro lado em células de hepatocarcinoma, a melatonina aumentou a expressão do NF-kB. No microambiente tumoral mamário, a melatonina aumentou a expressão dos genes Tnfaip8l2 and Il1f6, que são importantes na resposta imune local. No plasma, dentre os 20 aminoácidos detectados, 10 tiveram comportamento similar durante o dia. Na maioria dos horários do dia, os animais com tumor apresentaram níveis plasmáticos reduzidos desses aminoácidos. Além disso, houve uma inversão no perfil desses aminoácidos entre os grupos, observado nos primeiros horários da manhã. CONCLUSÕES: O efeito da melatonina sobre o NF-kB no câncer de mama parece estar melhor definido, porém o seu papel permanece controverso no câncer hepático. Da mesma forma a ação anti-tumoral desse hormônio foi comprovada pela alta expressão dos genes Tnfaip8l2 e Il1f6 no microambiente tumoral. No plasma, as alterações dos metabólitos são um reflexo do metabolismo alterado, determinado pelas células tumorais mamárias na matriz dos camundongos. Enquanto que, essa inversão do perfil dos aminoácidos sugere que um evento cíclico do metabolismo do hospedeiro nesses horários aparece influenciando os níveis de aminoácidos circulantes. Desse modo, os nossos resultados apontam que durante a carcinogênese existe uma forte associação entre a resposta imune e a cronobiologia do hospedeiro que exige futuras investigações.

Orientador: Renato Luis Furlan / Resumo: Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar a utilização de dietas com baixo teor protéico, formuladas usando o conceito de proteína ideal, para frangos de corte de 7 a 21 dias (experimento 1) e de 21 a 42 dias (experimento 2) criados em diferentes temperaturas. Foram utilizados 900 e 720 frangos machos para os experimentos 01 e 02 respectivamente, da linhagem Cobb-500, distribuídos em um delineamento inteiramente ao acaso em esquema fatorial 3 x 3, com os fatores: níveis de proteína bruta (uma dieta controle e duas com redução protéica de 1,5 e 3,0% em relação a dieta controle) e temperaturas ambiente (fria, termoneutra e quente), totalizando nove tratamentos com quatro repetições cada. Foram avaliados o desempenho, rendimento de carcaça e de cortes comerciais, percentagem de gordura abdominal, temperaturas superficiais e cloacal e a perda de calor por radiação. No experimento 1 a redução do teor protéico prejudicou o desempenho dos frangos independente da temperatura, enquanto que no experimento 2 a redução da proteína bruta foi prejudicial somente para a temperatura quente. O desempenho foi reduzido pelas temperaturas quente e fria (experimento 1) e quente (experimento 2). A redução protéica aumentou a deposição de gordura abdominal das aves em ambos os experimentos. A temperatura quente proporcionou maior rendimento de carcaça, de coxa+sobrecoxa e de asas, enquanto o rendimento de peito foi reduzido. A gordura abdominal aumentou com a elevação da temperatura somente no experimento 1. Nos dois experimentos, as temperaturas superficial e cloacal aumentaram com a elevação da temperatura ambiente, e a perda de calor por radiação diminuiu, enquanto que os níveis de proteína não afetaram a homeostase térmica das aves. / Abstract: Two experiments were carried out to evaluate the use of low-protein diets, formulated on ideal protein concept, for broilers from 7 to 21 days (experiment 1), and from 21 to 42 days (experiment 2) reared under different environmental temperatures. Nine hundred (experiment 1), and seventy hundred and twenty (experiment 2) male broilers of Cobb-500 strain were randomly housed in a 3 x 3 factorial arrangement: crude protein levels (a control diet, and two other diets with reductions of 1,5 and 3,0% of the protein level from control diet), and environmental temperatures (cold, thermoneutral, and hot) resulting in nine treatments with four replicates each. Performance, carcass and part yields, abdominal fat deposition, surface and cloacal temperatures, and heat loss by radiation were evaluated. Low-protein diets impaired broiler performance irrespective the environment temperature in experiment 1, while the performance was reduced only when low-protein diets were fed at hot temperature in experiment 2. Performance was reduced by cold and hot temperature (experiment 1) and hot temperature (experiment 2). Low-protein diets increased the abdominal fat deposition in both experiments. Hot temperatures improved carcass, thigh+drumstick, and wing yields, while breast yield was reduced. Abdominal fat (experiment 1), and surface and cloacal temperatures (experiments 1 e 2) increased as environmental temperature was increased, while heat loss by radiation decreased. There was no effect of protein levels on thermal homeostasis of broilers. / Mestre