Submitted by Élida Maeli Fernandes Quirino (maely_sax@hotmail.com) on 2018-06-15T18:49:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 CARMELITA DE FÁTIMA AMARAL RIBEIRO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2004..pdf: 33723212 bytes, checksum: fad7e8ae9b6ebe264a6a71d2aababe92 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-06-15T18:49:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CARMELITA DE FÁTIMA AMARAL RIBEIRO - DISSERTAÇÃO PPGEA 2004..pdf: 33723212 bytes, checksum: fad7e8ae9b6ebe264a6a71d2aababe92 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2004-03 / A manga (Mangifera indica L) é uma das frutas tropicais mais populares do mundo, ela se destaca pelo sabor, aroma e valor nutritivo. Apesar da alta tecnologia utilizada na produção de manga, ainda existem grandes perdas pós-colheitas, devido a fatores climáticos, físicos e químicos. Uma das principais causas da deterioração de alimentos frescos e também conservados é a quantidade de água livre presente nos mesmos. Este trabalho foi conduzido com o objetivo de estudar o processo de desidratação osmótica e cinética de secagem para obtenção de produtos secos de manga Tommy Atkins. As soluções utilizadas no processo de desidratação osmótica foram de sacarose e xarope de milho. A desidratação osmótica foi realizada de acordo com um planejamento fatorial completo 23, com pontos centrais e axiais, totalizando 17 ensaios. A influência dos fatores (temperatura, concentração e tempo) e suas interações sobre as respostas foram analisadas através de análise de variância (ANOVA), teste F e coeficiente de determinação (R2). Verificou-se que estes fatores mostraram ter efeito significativo sobre a perda de peso, perda de água e ganho de sólidos de manga desidratada, dentro das faixas estudadas, ou seja, com aumento desses fatores maior foi a influencia sobre as respostas estudadas. Neste estudo os fatores concentração e temperatura foram os de maior influência no processo de desidratação osmótica. As condições ótimas encontradas de desidratação osmótica utilizada como pré-tratamento para obtenção de uma maior perda de água e um menor ganho de sólidos foram: temperaturas de 50 e 40°C, concentração de 40 e 50% e tempo de imersão de 90 e 160 minutos, para a manga desidratada em solução de sacarose e xarope de milho, respectivamente. A etapa de secagem convencional das amostras in natura e desidratadas foi realizada em secador de leito fixo, nas temperaturas de 30, 40 e50°C e velocidade do ar de 2,1 m/s"1. Os dados experimentais de secagem convencional foram ajustados pelo modelo de Page. O produto final foi avaliado pelo pH, acidez e açúcares totais e redutores. / The mango {Mangifera indica. L) it is one of the more popular tropical fruits of the world, she stands out for the flavor, smell and nutritious value. In spite of the high technology used in the production of mango, great losses powder-crops still exist, due to climatic, physical and chemical factors. One of the main causes of the deterioration of fresh and also conserved victuals is the amount of present free water in the same ones. This work was driven with the objective of studying the process of osmotic and kinetic dehydration of drying conventional for obtaining of dry products of mango Tommy Atkins. The solutions used in the process of osmotic dehydration were of sucrose and corn syrup. The osmotic dehydration was accomplished in agreement with a planning complete fatorial 23, with central and axial points, totalizando 17 rehearsals. The influence of each variable and its interactions on the answers were analyzed through variance analysis (ANOVA), test F and determination coefficient (R2). It was verified that the factors (temperature, concentration and time) showed to have significant effect on the weight loss, loss of water and gain of solids of dehydrated sleeve, inside of the studied strips, that is to say, with those factors adulfs increase it went to it influences on the studied answers. In this study the factors concentration and temperature were the one of larger influence in the process of osmotic dehydration. The found great conditions of osmotic dehydration used as pré-treatment for obtaining of a larger loss of water and a smaller gain of solids were: temperatures of 50 and 40°C, concentration of 40 and 50% and time of immersion of 90 and 160 minutes, for the mango dehydrated in sucrose solution and corn syrup, respectively. The stage of drying conventional of the samples in natura and dehydrated it was accomplished in dryer of fixed bed, in the temperatures of 30, 40 and 50°C and speed ofthe air of 2,1 m/s"1. The experimental data of were drying conventional adjusted by Page model. The final product was evaluated by the pH, acidity and total sugars and reducers.

VASCONCELOS, Mirele da Silveira. Atividades antioxidante, anti-inflamatória e cicatrizante do caju (Anacardium occidentale L.). 2011. 77 f. : Dissertação (Mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências, Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica. Fortaleza-CE, 2011. / Submitted by Eric Santiago (erichhcl@gmail.com) on 2016-06-20T14:05:18Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_msvasconcelos.pdf: 1680677 bytes, checksum: 1654c71c8d31186afff24016d9196512 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by José Jairo Viana de Sousa (jairo@ufc.br) on 2016-06-20T19:20:38Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_msvasconcelos.pdf: 1680677 bytes, checksum: 1654c71c8d31186afff24016d9196512 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-20T19:20:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2011_dis_msvasconcelos.pdf: 1680677 bytes, checksum: 1654c71c8d31186afff24016d9196512 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae), known as cashew, is a typical tropical pseudo whose juice is highly consumed in Brazil for its excellent sensory and nutritional properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and wound healing activities of cashew apple in vitro and in vivo. The juice from fresh fruit were obtained from cashew clones CCP 76 in the maturation stage 2 (unripe) and 6 (ripe). Were determined in the juice total polyphenols, vitamin C, anthocyanins, flavanols, carotenoids, phenolic compounds and the total antioxidant activity. For the evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity and healing in vivo was performed in mice, kept under appropriate conditions of light, temperature and given water and food ad libitum. The experimental protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experiments of the UFC (nº 85/09). To evaluate the effect of oral treatment for 30 consecutive days with the juice of cashew apple ripe and unripe, we used the methodology of the ear edema induced by xylene. Regarding the effect of treatment with the juice of cashew in the healing lesions were induced on the backs of mice 15 days after initiation of treatment. The skin lesions by morphometric and macroscopic analysis were subjected to clinical evaluation for 21 days. Results were expressed as mean and standard deviation. To evaluate the significant differences between the means of different groups, we applied the Mann-Whitney test and ANOVA and differences were considered significant when p <0.05. The ripe cashew apple juice (RCAJ) phytochemistry profile was better with levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants and total antioxidant capacity than the unripe cashew apple juice (UNCAJ). The anti-inflammatory and healing results showed that the UNCAJ reduced inflammation and accelerated wound healing process when compared to RCAJ. The present study demonstrated that the UNCAJ present high biological activity in inflammatory and wound healing models than the RCAJ. / Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae), conhecido popularmente como caju, é um típico pseudofruto tropical cujo suco é popularmente consumido no país pelas excelentes propriedades sensoriais e nutricionais, entretanto, os produtos são destinados ao mercado interno com extensas perdas de pedúnculos in natura. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o potencial antioxidante, anti-inflamatório e cicatrizante do caju in vitro e in vivo. Para tanto foi utilizado o suco do pseudofruto in natura, obtidos de clones de cajueiro CCP 76 nos estádios de maturação 2 (verde) e 6 (maduro). Foram determinados no suco os teores de polifenóis totais, ácido ascórbico, antocianinas totais, flavonóides amarelos, carotenóides, compostos fenólicos além da atividade antioxidante total. Para a avaliação das atividades anti-inflamatória e cicatrizante in vivo foram utilizados camundongos, mantidos sob condições adequadas de luz, temperatura e recebendo água e ração à vontade. O protocolo experimental foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Experimentação Animal da UFC (no de aprovação 85/09). Para avaliar o efeito do tratamento oral durante 30 dias consecutivos com os sucos de caju verde e maduro, utilizou-se a metodologia do edema de orelha induzido por xileno. Para avaliar o efeito dos sucos de caju verde e maduro na cicatrização, lesões foram induzidas no dorso do camundongo 15 dias após o tratamento de suplementação com os sucos. As lesões cutâneas foram submetidas a avaliações clínicas através de análises morfométricas e macroscópicas durante 21 dias. Os resultados foram expressos como média e erro padrão da média. Para avaliar as diferenças significativas entre as médias dos diferentes grupos, aplicou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney e ANOVA e as diferenças foram consideradas significativas quando p < 0,05. O perfil fitoquímico dos sucos de pseudofrutos de caju verde e de maduro foi distinto, no qual o suco de caju maduro apresentou teores de antioxidantes não enzimáticos e capacidade antioxidante total superior ao suco de caju verde. Os resultados dos ensaios anti-inflamatório e cicatrizante mostraram que o suco de caju verde reduziu eficientemente a inflamação e acelerou a cicatrização de feridas durante a fase intermediária desse processo quando comparado ao suco de caju maduro. O suco de caju maduro parece agir na fase mais tardia da cicatrização. Estudos complementares devem ser realizados para maior compreensão das atividades biológicas dos sucos de caju verde e maduro através da identificação de compostos químicos responsáveis pela ação funcional dos mesmos.

Sclerocarya birrea (marula, Anacardiaceae) is a highly-valued indigenous tree in most parts of sub-Saharan Africa because of its medicinal and nutritional properties. The marula tree is adapted to the semi-arid conditions that characterise most parts of sub-Saharan Africa and renders them unsuitable for conventional crop agriculture. The unique nutritional properties of marula and its high tolerance to dry conditions provide opportunities for its development into a plantation crop. On the other hand, the demand for marula plant parts, mainly the bark and roots as medicinal remedies, poses a great threat to wild populations. In the long term, the growing demand of marula products in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries will not be sustainable from wild populations alone. Plant tissue culture technologies can be useful for in vitro manipulation and mass propagation of the plant in the process of domestication and conservation. The aims of the project were to determine the optimum conditions for seed germination, in vitro propagation and plant regeneration, and to evaluate the potential bioactivity of secondary metabolites from its renewable plant parts as an alternative option in the conservation of S. birrea. An ex vitro seed germination study indicated that after-ripening and cold stratification are critical factors. Cold stratification (5 °C) of marula nuts for 14 days improved germination (65%) as compared to non-stratified nuts (32%). Direct shoot organogenesis was achieved from leaf explants through the induction of nodular meristemoids on Murashige and Skoog (MS) (1962) medium and woody plant medium (WPM) supplemented with 6-benzyladenine (BA) in combination with naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), indole-3-butryric acid (IBA) and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Induction of nodular meristemoids from 86% of the leaf cultures was achieved on a MS medium with 4.0 ìM BA and 1.0 ìM NAA. High levels (78–100%) of induction were also achieved on WPM with different concentrations of BA (1.0–4.0 ìM) and IBA (1.0–4.0 ìM). The highest conversion of nodular meristemoids into shoots on MS initiation medium was only 22% for 4.0 ìM BA and 1.0 ìM NAA. This was improved to 62% when nodular clusters were cultured in MS liquid medium. Histological studies revealed high numbers of unipolar meristematic buds developing from globular nodules. These embryo-like structures have in the past been mistaken for true somatic embryos. The initiation of high numbers of nodular meristemoids per explant provides potential for automated large-scale clonal propagation in bioreactors, in vitro phytochemical production and the development of synthetic seed technology, similar to somatic embryogenesis. Plant regeneration through nodule culture has potential for application in mass micropropagation and plant breeding of S. birrea. Adventitious shoot and root induction are important phases in micropropagation. Plant growth regulators play an important role in these developmental processes, and the type and concentration used have major influences on the eventual organogenic pathway. Three auxins (IAA, IBA and NAA) and four aromatic cytokinins (6-benzyladenine, meta-topolin, meta-topolin riboside, and meta-methoxytopolin riboside) were evaluated for their potential to induce adventitious shoot and root formation in S. birrea shoots, hypocotyls and epicotyls. Among the evaluated cytokinins, the highest adventitious shoot induction (62%) was achieved on MS medium supplemented with meta-topolin (8.0 ìM). The lowest adventitious shoot induction (2.5%) was obtained on MS basal medium containing 2.0 ìM meta-methoxytopolin riboside. The highest adventitious shoot induction for hypocotyls was 55% on MS medium supplemented with 8.0 ìM meta-topolin. For the tested auxins, IBA induced adventitious rooting in 91% of shoots at a concentration of 4.0 ìM after 8 weeks in culture. However, the in vitro rooted plants only survived for two weeks when transferred ex vitro. A temperature of 25 °C and 16-h photoperiod were optimum for adventitious root induction. Stomatal density (number per mm2) on the abaxial leaf surfaces was higher for the 16-h photoperiod treatment (206.6 ± 15.28) compared to that for a 24-h photoperiod (134.6 ± 12.98). Normal mature stomata with kidney-shaped guard cells and an outer ledge over the stomatal pore were observed for in vitro plants growing under a 16-h photoperiod. Total phenolic content, proanthocyanidins, gallotannins, flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of S. birrea methanolic extracts were evaluated using in vitro bioassays. Methanolic extracts of the young stem bark and leaves contained high levels of these phytochemicals. Sclerocarya birrea young stem extracts contained the highest levels of total phenolics (14.15 ± 0.03 mg GAE g-1), flavonoids (1219.39 ± 16.62 ìg CE g-1) and gallotannins (246.12 ± 3.76 ìg GAE g-1). Sclerocarya birrea leaf extracts had the highest concentration of proanthocyanidins (1.25%). The EC50 values of the extracts in the DPPH free radical scavenging assay ranged from 5.028 to 6.921 ìg ml-1, compared to ascorbic acid (6.868 ìg ml-1). A dose-dependent linear curve was obtained for all extracts in the ferric-reducing power assay. All the extracts exhibited high antioxidant activity comparable to butylated hydroxytoluene based on the rate of â-carotene bleaching (89.6 to 93.9%). Sclerocarya birrea provides a source of secondary metabolites which have potent antioxidant properties and may be beneficial to the health of consumers. Sclerocarya birrea young stem and leaf ethanolic extracts exhibited high bioactivity (MIC < 1.0 mg ml-1) against both Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) bacteria. The highest activity (MIC = 0.098 mg ml-1 and total activity = 1609.1 ml g-1) was recorded for young stem extracts against B. subtilis. The highest activity (MIC = 1.56 mg ml-1 and MFC = 1.56 mg ml-1) in the antifungal assay against Candida albicans was observed for young stem ethanolic extracts. Sclerocarya birrea extracts had moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition activity. The dichloromethane (DCM) and methanol (MeOH) fractions exhibited dose-dependent acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity. The highest AChE inhibitory activities were from leaves (DCM fraction, IC50 = 0.1053 mg ml-1) and young stems (MeOH fraction, IC50 = 0.478 mg ml-1). High inhibitory activity against cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) enzymes was observed. All extracts and fractions showed high COX-1 enzyme inhibition (90.7-100%). Petroleum ether (PE) and dichloromethane fractions also exhibited high inhibition against COX-2 enzyme (77.7-92.6%). The pharmacological activities observed suggest that S. birrea renewable plant parts (leaves and young stems) provide a substantial source of medicinal secondary metabolites. Based on these results, plant part substitution can be a practical conservation strategy for this species. / Thesis (Ph.D.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, 2009.

OLIVEIRA, Gleison Silva. Aplicação do processo de liofilização na obtenção de cajá em pó: avaliação das características físicas, físico-químicas e higroscópicas. 2012. 83 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências Agrárias, Departamento de Tecnologia de Alimentos, Fortaleza-CE, 2012 / Submitted by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-09T12:17:09Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_gsoliveira.pdf: 1196468 bytes, checksum: a8572b9d75384ed2a57b461af4d5a3bf (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Nádja Goes (nmoraissoares@gmail.com) on 2016-06-09T12:17:20Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_gsoliveira.pdf: 1196468 bytes, checksum: a8572b9d75384ed2a57b461af4d5a3bf (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-09T12:17:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_dis_gsoliveira.pdf: 1196468 bytes, checksum: a8572b9d75384ed2a57b461af4d5a3bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / The yellow mombin due to its distinctive flavor and pleasant, is a fruit highly appreciated and consumed in various regions of the country. But by presenting a high perishability, it becomes necessary to use processing techniques to extend its availability for consumption throughout the year. Dehydration by freeze-drying has the advantage of an excellent retention of nutritional and sensory characteristics of fresh fruit. To increase retention and to prevent agglomeration of the powder, for example, can be made the use of adjuvants drying such as maltodextrin. In this context, the work aimed at the implementation of the lyophilization process to obtain the pulp of yellow mombin powder, physical characterization and physicochemical pulp and powder yellow mombin, tracking stability during storage and hygroscopic behavior of the tests. With the tests of the experimental design was chosen to test lower humidity, with 17% maltodextrin and 24 hours of freeze drying. The pulp presented characteristics similar to reported by literature, and a concentration of constituents occurred with the pulp dehydration. As for storage, the test control (dried whole) had a useful life of 60 days, unlike the test containing maltodextrin that showed good characteristics throughout the period analyzed. In addition, maltodextrin exerted protective function, preventing further loss of chemical constituents and physical reactions to the product, such as lower rate of increase of hygroscopicity, moisture and water activity. The adsorption isotherms were the characteristics of type III. The mathematical models of BET, GAB and Oswin were the best fit to experimental data of moisture sorption for the full hog plum powder, and powder of hog plum pulp with maltodextrin, the Henderson model was the best fit to experimental points of work. / O cajá, devido ao seu sabor diferenciado e agradável, é um fruto bastante apreciado e consumido em diversas regiões do país. Mas por apresentar uma elevada perecibilidade, torna-se necessário o uso de técnicas de processamento para estender sua disponibilidade para o consumo durante todo o ano. A desidratação por liofilização apresenta como vantagem uma excelente retenção das características nutricionais e sensoriais do fruto “in natura”. Para um aumento desta retenção e evitar aglomerações no pó, por exemplo, pode ser feita a utilização de adjuvantes de secagem como a maltodextrina. Neste contexto, o trabalho teve como objetivo a aplicação do processo de liofilização para obtenção da polpa de cajá em pó, caracterização física e físico-química da polpa e do pó de cajá, acompanhamento da estabilidade durante o armazenamento e comportamento higroscópico dos ensaios. Com a realização dos ensaios do planejamento experimental, foi escolhido o ensaio de menor umidade, com 17% de maltodextrina e 24 horas de liofilização. A polpa apresentou características semelhantes às reportadas pela literatura, e uma concentração dos constituintes ocorreu com a desidratação da polpa. Quanto ao armazenamento, o ensaio controle (pó integral) teve uma vida útil de 60 dias, diferentemente do ensaio contendo maltodextrina que apresentou boas características durante todo período analisado. Além disso, a maltodextrina exerceu função protetora, evitando maiores perdas de constituintes químicos e reações físicas no produto, como menor taxa de aumento de higroscopicidade, umidade e atividade de água. As isotermas de adsorção foram características às do tipo III. Os modelos matemáticos de BET, GAB e Oswin foram os que melhor se ajustaram aos dados experimentais de sorção de umidade para o pó de cajá integral, e no pó da polpa de cajá com maltodextrina, o modelo de Henderson foi o que melhor se ajustou aos pontos experimentais do trabalho.

The treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is currently a challenge due to multi- and extensively drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mycobacterium bovis and M. tuberculosis cause clinically indistinguishable tuberculosis in humans. Both M. bovis and M. tuberculosis have been isolated from humans and animals. Plant species contain antimicrobial compounds that may lead to new anti-TB drugs. To conduct in vitro antimycobacterial assays, it is important to include current clinical isolates as new strains of bacteria might be circulating under the ongoing climate change environment. The overall goal and objectives of this study were to isolate and characterize mycobacteria species from South Africa, to test some selected plant species of the Anacardiaceae family for antimycobacterial activity using some of the newly isolated and reference strains of mycobacteria followed by cytotoxicity evaluation of the most active plant species, and finally the isolation and characterization of at least one compound from the most active and least toxic plant. This study led to the discovery of a new isolate of Mycobacterium Avium Complex species from black wildebeest. Other non-tuberculous mycobacteria and M. bovis isolates were identified from other animal species. Five out of 15 plant species screened showed good activity against Mycobacterium species. Five antimycobacterial compounds were isolated from Searsia undulata, the most active plant species. Two out of the five compounds were identified, and one compound appears to be novel, but both compounds have been isolated for the first time from Searsia undulata. An incidental finding was the potential anticancer property of extracts of Searsia undulata. Recommended future activities include isolation and identification of more active compounds from Searsia undulata which were visible in bioautography analysis, as well as synergy evaluation of antimycobacterial activities of the different compounds with current anti-tubercular drugs. / Environmental Sciences / Ph. D. (Environmental Science)

Submitted by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T17:44:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 GHIOTTO_Thais_2016.pdf: 18907197 bytes, checksum: 0779f8ac869df152bdd7747df97a15e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T17:44:43Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GHIOTTO_Thais_2016.pdf: 18907197 bytes, checksum: 0779f8ac869df152bdd7747df97a15e5 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Milena Rubi (milenarubi@ufscar.br) on 2017-08-08T17:44:49Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 GHIOTTO_Thais_2016.pdf: 18907197 bytes, checksum: 0779f8ac869df152bdd7747df97a15e5 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-08-08T17:44:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GHIOTTO_Thais_2016.pdf: 18907197 bytes, checksum: 0779f8ac869df152bdd7747df97a15e5 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-09 / Não recebi financiamento / Megastigmus transvaalensis is an exotic wasp that attacks Brazilian pepper tree drupes Schinus terebinthifolius in native forests and areas of restoration and ecological restoration in Brazil. The parasitism begins with the oviposition M. transvaalensis in drupes S. terebinthifolius where the larvae hatch and remain internally feeding of nutrients and tissue, affecting germination. The aim of this work was to study the effect of temperature, rainfall and humidity in the population dynamics of M. transvaalensis and determine the parasitism rate and sex ratio of this wasp in drupes S. terebinthifolius. The study was performed with yellow sticky traps and collection of S. terebinthifolius drupes in seasonal semideciduous forest during August 2014 to September 2015, in the region of Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brazil. The capture of insects through the sticky traps proved satisfactory, and thus can be applied to the monitoring of small Hymenopteros. Populations of M. transvaalensis were negatively correlated with the maximum temperature and population peak in the fall of 2015, meaning that when the maximum temperature has reduced, there is a higher incidence of insect field. The parasitism rate of S. terebinthifolius drupes ranged from zero to 36.34% during this period, making this value an aggravating factor for the emergence of new individuals, since this phytophagous wasp has the potential to be spread throughout Brazil and It poses a threat to the natural regeneration of S. terebinthifolius. The sex ratio of M. transvaalensis was 0.42 and 0.08 in the laboratory field. The bio-ecology and the damage caused by M. transvaalensis in drupes S. terebinthifolius warrant further studies to integrated management / Megastigmus transvaalensis é uma vespa exótica que ataca drupas de aroeira-pimenteira Schinus terebinthifolius em florestas nativas e em áreas de recomposição e restauração ecológica no Brasil. O parasitismo inicia com a oviposição de M. transvaalensis nas drupas de S. terebinthifolius, onde as larvas internamente eclodem e permanecem alimentando-se dos nutrientes e tecidos, prejudicando a germinação. O objetivo desse trabalho foi estudar o efeito da temperatura, precipitação e umidade na flutuação populacional de M. transvaalensis e determinar o índice de parasitismo e razão sexual dessa vespa nas drupas de S. terebinthifolius. O estudo foi realizado com armadilhas adesivas amarelas e coleta de drupas de S. terebinthifolius em fragmento de floresta estacional semidecidual, durante agosto de 2014 a setembro de 2015, na região de Sorocaba, São Paulo, Brasil. A captura dos insetos através das armadilhas adesivas se mostrou satisfatória, podendo assim ser aplicada para o monitoramento de pequenos Hymenopteros. As populações de M. transvaalensis apresentaram correlação negativa com a temperatura máxima e pico populacional no outono de 2015, significando que, quando a temperatura máxima apresenta redução, há maior incidência do inseto em campo. O índice de parasitismo das drupas de S. terebinthifolius variou de zero a 36,34% no período avaliado, tornando este valor um agravante para o surgimento de novos indivíduos, uma vez que, essa vespa fitófaga tem potencial de ser disseminado por todo Brasil e representa ameaça para a regeneração natural de S. terebinthifolius. A razão sexual de M. transvaalensis foi de 0,42 no laboratório e 0,08 em campo. A bioecologia e os danos causados por M. transvaalensis em drupas de S. terebinthifolius justificam mais estudos visando o manejo integrado dessa vespa fitófaga.

MSCAGR (Plant Production) / Department of Plant Production / See the attached abstract below