Die mikromechanische Gleichspannungswandlung basierend auf verschiebungsabhängigen Kapazitäten stellt eine Alternative zu etablierten rein elektronischen Wandlern für den Spezialfall der kapazitiven oder piezoelektrischen Verbraucher dar. Durch ihre kleine Bauform und den Verzicht auf Induktivitäten bietet sie den Vorteil der On-Chip-MEMS- und CMOS-Integration und ermöglicht die Bereitstellung hoher elektrischer Gleichspannungen aus den verfügbaren Grundspannungen der Elektronik (z. B. 3, 5 bzw. 12 V). Von hohen Polarisationsspannungen profitieren nicht nur kapazitive Sensoren und Aktoren, sondern auch piezoelektrische Messverfahren. Diese Arbeit stellt eine umfangreiche Übersicht und Bewertung der möglichen Bauformen mikromechanischer Gleichspannungswandler sowie die konkrete Umsetzung, Charakterisierung und Modellbildung eines resonant arbeitenden Wandlers vor. Es wird auf Besonderheiten und Probleme im Entwurf eingegangen und ausgehend von den Ergebnissen ein Konzeptentwurf für einen optimierten resonanten Gleichspannungswandler erarbeitet.:1 Einleitung 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 3 Ausführungsvarianten von MEMS-DC/DC-Wandlern 4 Designstudie und Umsetzung des resonanten Funktionsprinzips 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick / Micromechanical DC/DC conversion based on variable capacitances is an alternative to established electronic voltage converters, which does not require bulky inductors and is suitable for capacitive and piezoelectric loads. The converters are capable of boosting up the polarization voltage from CMOS and electronic levels (3, 5, 12 V), which is beneficial not only for capacitive sensors and actuators but also for piezoelectric sensing. Advantages of this method are the on-chip- and CMOS-integrability. This thesis introduces a comprehensive overview and evaluation of possible designs as well as the practical application, characterization and modeling of a resonant micromechanical DC/DC converter. Innovative claims include a test board for the characterization of resonant DC/DC converters and a SPICE behavioral model of the device, considering parasitic effects. Characteristics and problems of the design are discussed and the results are used to demonstrate an optimized conceptual design of a resonant DC/DC converter.:1 Einleitung 2 Theoretische Grundlagen 3 Ausführungsvarianten von MEMS-DC/DC-Wandlern 4 Designstudie und Umsetzung des resonanten Funktionsprinzips 5 Zusammenfassung und Ausblick

The subject of this diploma thesis is the design of a load–bearing structure, whitch is situated in the extravillain between the town of Chomutov and the village Křimov. Main purpose of this structure is to pass a roadway I/7 across the valley. There are three options of design and one of them – the prestressed box girder bridge with slanted walls is chosen for more detailed elaboration. The major load–bearing structure is five–span with lenghts 46.50 + 58.00 + 58.00 + 58.00 + 46.50 m, made of post–tensioned nad cast–in–place concrete. The total lenght of load–bearing structure is 269.00 m and the width of load–bearing structure is 13.50 m, the bridge is straight in plan. The structure is analyzed by several computational models, which are designed in Scia Engineer 20.0 software. The structure is analysed in longitudinal and cross directions. The assessments of load state limit and usability limit state are made according to valid standards. This thesis also included time dependent analysis (TDA), that takes construction stage analysis into account.

The dissertation thesis investigates the modeling of the neural network activity with a focus on a multilayer forward neural network (MLP – Multi Layer Perceptron). In this often used structure of neural networks, time-varying neurons are used, along with an analogy in modeling hyperstructures of linear differential operators. Using a finite lemma and defined hyperoperation, a hyperstructure composed of neurons is defined for a given transient function. There are examined their properties with an emphasis on structures with a layout.

This Master's thesis deals with the detailed design of the supporting structure of the bridge with two sections, with the rise in the direction of the intermediate support, and cross-cut single-beam construction. The supporting structure is designed from the prestressed concrete, prestressing losses are accurately quantified. It also deals with the assessment of pillar base threshold and pilot groups. The assessment was carried out according to the limit states.

This diploma thesis deals with problem of design and calculation of membrane structure of stadium roof. This is a complex engineering problem, which includes many partial problems: finding of initial form of membrane, statically and architecturally suitable arrangement of catenaries, economical solution of boundary conditions (foundations). All components affect each other and cannot be dealt without mutual coordination. It always greatly depends on the experience and intuition of engineer who design such structure. Task which cannot be resolved according to the theory of the first order. Equilibrium forces on the deformed structure, which in many projected structures gives satisfactory results, did not correspond to reality. It is therefore necessary to consider equilibrium of forces on the deformed structure according to the theory of large deformations. Diploma thesis was entered with regard to the intention of the companies Ing. Software Dlubal s.r.o. and FEM consulting s.r.o., working together to develop software RFEM. These companies plan to complement this program system with a module MEMBRANE for searching of initial shapes of membrane structures. This work is a contribution to the creation of this module.

Informetrics study the information flow as a pure information phenomenon. However what are the practical applications of this problem? Information flow can be understood, investigated and managed from different points of view. The most practical one is management approach combined with intuitive analogy. Water flow parallel appears suitable. A conceptual model can be propounded upon this foundation and then used for better illustration of information flow function and key parts. Finally, a good amount of instruments and management methods can be used to manage information flows. So in chosen organization the current state of information flows and contemporary methods of its management are investigated in order to compare the theory and the practice. Concrete suggestions and statements about information flow management are deduced afterwards This paper illustrate possibilities of usage of information flow management in practice. Keywords information flow management - methods of information flow management - information flow model - practical aplications - case study - analogy - induction - Regional research library in Liberec

Although it is broadly acknowledged that democratic politics should operate through the public competition of binding positions, the careful development of these positions is commonly neglected. Providing ethnographic analysis of the work of staff advisers in parliamentary groups, the paper explores the invisible work invested into these competing positions. We argue that the invisibilization of work serves to accomplish a central tenet of democratic political discourse: the demonstration of resonance between constituents and elected politicians. The latter may be assisted by – but must not depend on – non-elected staff. Against this ‘sacred’ premise of representative democracy, the paper shows that and how political positions are based on invisible work and the work of invisibilizing. Building on laboratory and workplace studies, we specify the shape and function of invisibility by contrasting studies on invisible work in the natural sciences, in case law, and in party politics. In these instances, invisible work serves different discursive objects-in-formation: scientific facts, legal cases, and binding positions. Understanding invisible work, thus, leads us to consider different constitutive relevancies. In turn, these serve to specify established concepts in STS, such as ‘controversy,’ to better distinguish the day-to-day conduct of natural science from that of politics or law.

The subject of diploma thesis is designing multi-span highway bridge over Řepovský potok valley, dirt roads and biocorridor. Three variants of bridge were designed and one of them – box girder 10 span bridge, has been chosen. Bridge deck is made from cast in place post tension prestressed beam. Load-bearing structure is concreting step by step on fixed and moving support. Total length of bridge is 560 m. The analysis of structure was projected on several computational models. They have been made in software Midas Civil and SCIA Engineer 18.1. The assessments of ultimate limit state and serviceability limit state were made in all steps of building in longitudinal and cross direction. In the analysis in longitudinal direction is included the time dependent analysis. Structural design was made in software MS Excel according to valid standards. Finally, drawing documentation and visualization were made.

本論文は、ルソーの国家論を、政治的身体のアナロジーに着目することによって解明することを目的とする。『社会契約論』を構成する三つの重要概念、すなわち「社会契約」、「一般意志」、「人民主権」がいかにして緊密に連関し合っているのかが、この「政治的身体」のアナロジーの解読を通じて示される。とりわけ「一般意志」については、『エミール』における意志論にも言及しつつ、「特殊意志」との接合がいかにして可能かを探求する。 / This study aims to clarify the political philosophy of Rousseau by analysing the analogy of the Body Politic. Through the analogy, it is shown how three important notions in The Social Contract , namely the social contract, the general will and popular sovereignty, are related closely each other. In terms of the general will, I explore the possibility of connecting it to the particular will while mentioning the discussion about free will in Emile. / 博士(哲学) / Doctor of Philosophy / 同志社大学 / Doshisha University

Le cyberespace a radicalement changé la donne sur le plan de la sécurité internationale, modifiant la représentation que nous pouvions avoir de la guerre. Nous assistons aujourd’hui à une nouvelle forme de conflit où l’information constitue à la fois un support d’action, mais également un actif sensible qu’il convient de maitriser. L’encadrement des comportements dans le cyberespace est donc devenu de facto un impératif pour maintenir sa stabilité. C’est ainsi que de nombreuses initiatives ont été amorcées tant par les États (par exemple avec la création du groupe d’experts gouvernementaux en charge des progrès des technologies de l’information et des communications dans un contexte de sécurité internationale), que par les acteurs privés (normes alternatives en tout genre). Cependant, leur convergence n’est que partielle leurs positionnements géopolitiques et stratégiques divergents considérablement. Alors que les États veulent préserver leur marge de manœuvre dans le cyberespace, les acteurs privés souhaiteraient quant à eux assurer la continuité et le développement de leurs activités par la création d’un cadre juridique contraignant les comportements étatiques. Notre travail de recherche vise ainsi à trouver une solution au clivage entre ces différents acteurs. Selon nous, peu importe les perceptions et les désirs de chacun ; si un encadrement juridique du cyberespace doit voir le jour en droit international, celui-ci ne pourra aboutir sans le concours des États et des acteurs privés qui doivent donc collaborer. Cependant, il est essentiel de ne pas s’abandonner dans une quête de l’idéal, et ce en adoptant une démarche pragmatique ancrée dans la réalité. La régulation du cyberespace étant multiple en ce sens où chaque acteur est la source d’un flux normatif précis (réglementation étatique et régulation technique), il convient de trouver le moyen de faire coïncider leurs approches, tout en conservant la place de chacun dans l’ordre international pour éviter tensions et conflits. Dans notre travail de recherche, nous avons fait le choix de présenter notre argumentation en quatre temps. Il s’agit tout d’abord de rappeler les spécificités du cyberespace faisant de lui un lieu de conflits à part entière (Chapitre 1). Dans un second temps, nous expliquerons cette volonté des États de vouloir rendre à tout prix applicable aux cyber-attaques, un droit international pourtant inadapté aux défis techniques posés par ces nouvelles armes (Chapitre 2). Les acteurs privés étant les grands experts du réseau, nous étudierons dans un troisième temps les initiatives normatives qu’ils ont su mettre en place, celles-ci venant d’ailleurs concurrencer le travail de réflexion mené par les États (Chapitre 3). Finalement, nous arriverons à la conclusion que la cyberpaix ne sera réellement possible que si trois éléments sont réunis : la corégulation, l’internormativité et la confiance entre les États et les acteurs privés (Chapitre 4). / Cyberspace has radically changed international security, altering our understanding of warfare. Today, we are witnessing a new form of conflict in which information is both a medium for action and a sensitive asset that must be controlled. In order to maintain the stability of cyberspace, it has de facto become imperative to regulate actions in cyberspace. For this reason, many initiatives have been started by States (for example, the Group of Governmental Experts in the Field of Information and Telecommunications in the Context of International Security) and by private actors (various alternative norms). However, their convergence is only partial, as their geopolitical and strategic positions diverge considerably. While States want to preserve their room for maneuver in cyberspace, private actors would like to ensure the continuity and development of their activities by creating a legal framework which constrains the behavior of States. This research project seeks to find a solution to the divide between these different actors. From our point of view, regardless of one's perceptions and desires, a legal framework for cyberspace in international law will see the light of day only if States and private actors cooperate. However, it is essential that we do not abandon ourselves to a quest for the ideal and adopt a pragmatic approach that is rooted in reality. Because the regulation of cyberspace is animated by multiple sources of norms stemming from different actors (state regulation and technical rules), it is necessary to find a way to make their approaches coincide, while preserving everyone's place in the international order to avoid tensions and conflicts. In our research, we have chosen to present our argument in four chapters. We first recount the features of cyberspace that make it a place of conflict in its own right (Chapter 1). Second, we explain the desire of States to apply international law to cyber-attacks, although it is ill-suited to the technical challenges posed by these new weapons (Chapter 2). Third, given that private actors are the major experts of the network, we will examine the normative initiatives that they put in place and that compete with the work carried out by States (Chapter 3). Finally, we will come to the conclusion that cyberpeace will be possible only if three elements are brought together: coregulation, internormativity, and trust between States and private actors (Chapter 4).