Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no contexto dos Cursos Extracurriculares de Francês da FFLCH-USP, nos quais uma das ações de formação é o tutorat, uma modalidade de formação que consiste no acompanhamento dos professores iniciantes por professores mais experientes, os tuteurs. Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar o trabalho dos tuteurs, professores que se tornam formadores de professores iniciantes no contexto dos Cursos Extracurriculares de Francês da FFLCH-USP. Sua fundamentação teórica apoia-se, por um lado, no Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART 1999/2009, 2006/2009, 2008; MACHADO et al., 2009, BULEA, 2010) e, por outro, em aportes das Ciências do Trabalho, mais especificamente da Clínica da Atividade (CLOT, 1999/2000, 2001, 2008) e da Ergonomia da Atividade (FAÏTA E VIEIRA, 2003; FAÏTA, 2004; SAUJAT, 2004; AMIGUES, 2004, 2009). Compartilhando pressupostos vygotskianos (VYGOTSKI, 1929/2014, 1930/1985, 1934/1997), essas diferentes linhas teóricas fornecem subsídios para o estudo do agir do tuteur enquanto trabalho. A fim de encontrar soluções para as dificuldades vividas pelos tuteurs na formação dos professores iniciantes, foi constituído, em 2014, um grupo de tuteurs interessados em discutir sobre os desafios do trabalho do tuteur. A partir dos anseios desses tuteurs, conduzimos entrevistas em autoconfrontação simples e cruzadas e uma reunião de retorno ao coletivo, nas quais os tuteurs participantes puderam se colocar na perspectiva de observadores de sua própria atividade. Após a intervenção, as entrevistas e reuniões foram transcritas e analisadas segundo o quadro teórico e metodológico do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 2008, 2010, 2013), acrescido de índices referentes aos gestos (LEPLAT, 2013) e de categorias próprias para a análise de textos que tematizam o trabalho, as figuras de ação (BULEA, 2010, 2016). Durante as reuniões e entrevistas, a carência de prescrições se revelou como uma dificuldade do trabalho do tuteur. Os resultados de nossas análises mostraram que, para enfrentar essa dificuldade, os tuteurs apoiam sua atividade de aconselhar no domínio que possuem do métier de professor, mas diferenciam o conselho do ensino, apontando que existem habilidades específicas que precisam ser construídas para o trabalho do tuteur-formador de professores. Além disso, nossas análises revelaram como o tuteur focaliza em seu agir a transmissão das dimensões genéricas do métier de professor, no intuito de oferecer ao tutoré uma gama de gestos genéricos (AMIGUES, 2004) possíveis para as diferentes situações com as quais o professor iniciante pode se confrontar no exercício do seu trabalho. / This research was developed in the context of the Extracurricular French Courses at FFLCHUSP, in which one of the teacher development actions is the tutorat, a accompaniment modality that consists of the monitoring of beginning teachers by more experienced teachers, the tuteurs. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the work of the tuteurs, teachers that become teacher educators in the context of the Extracurricular French Courses at FFLCHUSP. Its theoretical framework is based, on one hand, on Socio-Discursive Interactionism (BRONCKART 1999/2009, 2006/2009, 2008; MACHADO, 2009, BULEA, 2010) and, on the other, on contributions of the Work Sciences, more specifically, on the Clinic of Activity (CLOT, 1999/2000, 2001, 2008) and the Ergonomics of Activity (FAÏTA ET VIEIRA, 2003; FAÏTA, 2004; SAUJAT, 2004; AMIGUES, 2004, 2009). These theoretical lines share Vygotskian assumptions, (VYGOTSKI, 1929/2014, 1930/1985, 1934/1997), providing subsidies for the study of the tuteurs activity as work. In order to find solutions for the difficulties experienced by the tuteurs during the monitoring of beginning teachers, a group of tuteurs interested in discussing the challenges of the their work was formed in 2014. Based on the interests of the tuteurs, we conducted interviews in simple and cross self-confrontation, as well as a final meeting with all the participants, in which the tuteurs were able to put themselves in the perspective of observers of their own activity. After the intervention, the interviews and meetings were transcribed and analyzed according to Socio-Discursive Interactionisms theoretical and methodological framework (BRONCKART, 2008, 2010, 2013), and also categories of gestures (LEPLAT, 2013) and specific categories for the analysis of texts focused on work, known as action figures (BULEA, 2010, 2016). The meetings and interviews revealed that the lack of work instructions was one of the tuteurs\' main problems. The results of our analysis showed that, to overcome that difficulty, the tuteurs underpin their counseling activity on the knowledge of the teachers métier, although they differentiate counseling and teaching, pointing out that there are specific skills that must be developed for the work of the tuteur/teacher educator. In addition, our analysis showed how the tuteurs focus their activities on the transmission of several dimensions of the teachers métier, in order to provide the tutoré with a range of possible genre gestures (AMIGUES, 2004) for the different situations that the beginning teacher may face in the course of the work.

Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida no contexto dos Cursos Extracurriculares de Francês da FFLCH-USP, nos quais uma das ações de formação é o tutorat, uma modalidade de formação que consiste no acompanhamento dos professores iniciantes por professores mais experientes, os tuteurs. Esta tese tem por objetivo analisar o trabalho dos tuteurs, professores que se tornam formadores de professores iniciantes no contexto dos Cursos Extracurriculares de Francês da FFLCH-USP. Sua fundamentação teórica apoia-se, por um lado, no Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART 1999/2009, 2006/2009, 2008; MACHADO et al., 2009, BULEA, 2010) e, por outro, em aportes das Ciências do Trabalho, mais especificamente da Clínica da Atividade (CLOT, 1999/2000, 2001, 2008) e da Ergonomia da Atividade (FAÏTA E VIEIRA, 2003; FAÏTA, 2004; SAUJAT, 2004; AMIGUES, 2004, 2009). Compartilhando pressupostos vygotskianos (VYGOTSKI, 1929/2014, 1930/1985, 1934/1997), essas diferentes linhas teóricas fornecem subsídios para o estudo do agir do tuteur enquanto trabalho. A fim de encontrar soluções para as dificuldades vividas pelos tuteurs na formação dos professores iniciantes, foi constituído, em 2014, um grupo de tuteurs interessados em discutir sobre os desafios do trabalho do tuteur. A partir dos anseios desses tuteurs, conduzimos entrevistas em autoconfrontação simples e cruzadas e uma reunião de retorno ao coletivo, nas quais os tuteurs participantes puderam se colocar na perspectiva de observadores de sua própria atividade. Após a intervenção, as entrevistas e reuniões foram transcritas e analisadas segundo o quadro teórico e metodológico do Interacionismo Sociodiscursivo (BRONCKART, 2008, 2010, 2013), acrescido de índices referentes aos gestos (LEPLAT, 2013) e de categorias próprias para a análise de textos que tematizam o trabalho, as figuras de ação (BULEA, 2010, 2016). Durante as reuniões e entrevistas, a carência de prescrições se revelou como uma dificuldade do trabalho do tuteur. Os resultados de nossas análises mostraram que, para enfrentar essa dificuldade, os tuteurs apoiam sua atividade de aconselhar no domínio que possuem do métier de professor, mas diferenciam o conselho do ensino, apontando que existem habilidades específicas que precisam ser construídas para o trabalho do tuteur-formador de professores. Além disso, nossas análises revelaram como o tuteur focaliza em seu agir a transmissão das dimensões genéricas do métier de professor, no intuito de oferecer ao tutoré uma gama de gestos genéricos (AMIGUES, 2004) possíveis para as diferentes situações com as quais o professor iniciante pode se confrontar no exercício do seu trabalho. / This research was developed in the context of the Extracurricular French Courses at FFLCHUSP, in which one of the teacher development actions is the tutorat, a accompaniment modality that consists of the monitoring of beginning teachers by more experienced teachers, the tuteurs. The purpose of this thesis is to analyze the work of the tuteurs, teachers that become teacher educators in the context of the Extracurricular French Courses at FFLCHUSP. Its theoretical framework is based, on one hand, on Socio-Discursive Interactionism (BRONCKART 1999/2009, 2006/2009, 2008; MACHADO, 2009, BULEA, 2010) and, on the other, on contributions of the Work Sciences, more specifically, on the Clinic of Activity (CLOT, 1999/2000, 2001, 2008) and the Ergonomics of Activity (FAÏTA ET VIEIRA, 2003; FAÏTA, 2004; SAUJAT, 2004; AMIGUES, 2004, 2009). These theoretical lines share Vygotskian assumptions, (VYGOTSKI, 1929/2014, 1930/1985, 1934/1997), providing subsidies for the study of the tuteurs activity as work. In order to find solutions for the difficulties experienced by the tuteurs during the monitoring of beginning teachers, a group of tuteurs interested in discussing the challenges of the their work was formed in 2014. Based on the interests of the tuteurs, we conducted interviews in simple and cross self-confrontation, as well as a final meeting with all the participants, in which the tuteurs were able to put themselves in the perspective of observers of their own activity. After the intervention, the interviews and meetings were transcribed and analyzed according to Socio-Discursive Interactionisms theoretical and methodological framework (BRONCKART, 2008, 2010, 2013), and also categories of gestures (LEPLAT, 2013) and specific categories for the analysis of texts focused on work, known as action figures (BULEA, 2010, 2016). The meetings and interviews revealed that the lack of work instructions was one of the tuteurs\' main problems. The results of our analysis showed that, to overcome that difficulty, the tuteurs underpin their counseling activity on the knowledge of the teachers métier, although they differentiate counseling and teaching, pointing out that there are specific skills that must be developed for the work of the tuteur/teacher educator. In addition, our analysis showed how the tuteurs focus their activities on the transmission of several dimensions of the teachers métier, in order to provide the tutoré with a range of possible genre gestures (AMIGUES, 2004) for the different situations that the beginning teacher may face in the course of the work.

L’éducateur socio-sportif (ESS) investit des milieux traversés de tensions sociales. Face à la réalité du métier, ce professionnel de l’intervention socio-sportive témoigne de compétences pour persister dans sa fonction et assurer sa viabilité professionnelle.En licence professionnelle Développement Social et Médiation par le Sport à Orléans, un dispositif multimodal s’inspire des résultats de la recherche pour développer les compétences : il constitue le terrain de l’étude.Différentes situations de formation se succèdent : des ateliers d’échange de pratique entre pairs, des ateliers d’intervention auprès de « publics cibles » (relevant de l’Aide sociale à l’enfance et de la Protection judiciaire de la jeunesse), des ateliers de partage d’expérience qui permettent aux ESS de mutualiser avec la promotion d’étudiants les moments jugés importants pour leur développement professionnel, des ateliers de bilan de formation.Conduite dans le cadre du cours d’action en anthropologie cognitive située (Theureau, 1992, 2004) pour l’essentiel et selon les princeps de la Grounded Theory (Glaser & Strauss, 2017) de manière complémentaire,l’étude adopte le point de vue des ESS pour analyser les moments significatifs et la dynamique de leur développement professionnel. / The social sport educator (SSE) gets deeply involved in environments imbued with social tensions. This professional in social sport intervention faces the reality of the job and owns skills to persevere in his function and ensure his professional sustainability. In the professional degree in Orleans, a multimodal system is drawn from the findings of the research in order to develop skills: it is the area of study. Various training situations take place : workshops consisting in exchanging about practical experiences among peers, intervention workshops with targeted audiences (the latter relates to child welfare and judicial protection of juveniles), workshops whose aim is to shareexperiences, which enables the SSE to exchange about important moments with a class student for the benefit oftheir professional development, workshops consisting in the assessment of vocational training.This study is carried out within the theoretical framework of course-of-action in cognitive anthropology(Theureau, 1992, 2004) and follows the Grounded Theory (Glaser & Strauss, 2017). It is also complementary and it takes on the SSE’s point of view to analyze key moments as well as the dynamics of their professional development.

Ne tik pasaulyje, bet ir Lietuvoje vertinti verslą tampa vis aktualiau. Anksčiau vadovams paprasčiausiai pakakdavo intuicijos, nuovokos ir logikos, vykdant strateginius sprendimus. Šiuo metu tai tampa neįmanoma dėl įvairių priežasčių. Pagrindinis baigiamojo magistro analitinės – metodinės dalies tikslas – pateikti susistemintą verslo vertinimo teisinę bei metodinę informaciją, esančią Europos Sąjungoje bei Lietuvoje, papildomai aprašyti įmonių finansinę analizę bei įvertinti jos svarbą. Eksperimentinėje – tiriamojoje dalyje, remiantis pirmojo skyriaus metodika, išanalizuota specialiosios paskirties AB „Lietuvos geležinkeliai“ Keleivių vežimo direkcija, išnagrinėti jos veiklos vertinimo ypatumai. Analizuojama, kodėl ne visais atvejais galima įvertinti verslą. Darbą sudaro 5 dalys: įvadas, verslo vertinimo teisinė bei metodinė informacija, specialiosios paskirties AB „Lietuvos geležinkeliai“ Keleivių vežimo direkcijos veiklos vertinimo ypatumai, išvados, literatūros sąrašas. / Not only in whole world, but also in Lithuania business valuation is becoming more relevant. Earlier managers used to take important decisions using only their intuition, perception, and logic. Today this is almost impossible because of various reasons. The main purpose of the analytic-methodic part of this final master’s degree thesis is to represent structured methodical and juristic information existent in European Union and Lithuania; and additionally describe the financial analysis of the companies and valuate its importance. Using analytic-methodic part as a reference, in experimental-research part is analyzed passenger transportation directorate of “Lietuvos Geležinkeliai” SP JSC, as well as the peculiarities of its activity valuation and evaluation, and why it is not possible to valuate business in all cases. Thesis consists of 5 parts: preface, methodical and juristic information of business valuation, peculiarities of valuation the passenger transportation directorate of “Lietuvos Geležinkeliai” SP JSC, conclusion, and list of literature.

The diploma thesis is by its nature focused on evaluation of company performance. Analysed company Navláčil stavební firma, s.r.o. is regional provider of construction services. This company is analysed in two different aspects in the diploma thesis. Analysis is focused on market position and performance within specific economic activities per CZ-NACE - F-4120 at first. Second analysis focuses on evaluation and competitive benchmarking. Its target is to determine week spots and propose solutions that should improve these weak spots and the whole company performance.

The thesis focuses on the development of business activities of the company R.C.P.R. Reality. The theoretical basis of the work include a general intruduction of the topic, defining the main concepts, methods and tools used within the business. The practical part contains a presentation of the company, analyzing the current situation and submit their own design solutions to improve it. The aim is propose a final concept and business strategy, leading to the development of the company and consolidate its position in the market.

This master’s thesis considers a financial strategy of a company by means of financial indices analysis. On the basis of properly chosen methods and their interpretation the work evaluates a financial health of the company, tries to identify weak points that should be lead up to possible problems in the future and to identify strong points that the company should built on. Financial analysis evaluates past, present and expected future of the company financial economy. It contains proposals and measures that help to eliminate or to maximally reduce negative events and lead up to an improvement of the company financial situation.

The diploma thesis is by its nature focused on evaluation of company performance. Analyzed company SITA CZ, a.s. is one of the market leaders providing services regarding of treatment with non-hazardous and hazardous waste. This company is analyzed in two aspects within diploma thesis. Evaluation focuses on market position and performance within specific economic activities according to NACE rev.2 – 382, at first. Second evaluation is focused on competitive benchmarking that should pin-point particular weaknesses. The main goal of the diploma thesis is to propose solutions to improve company performance and market position.

No description available.

Dans la théorie socioconstructiviste de Vygotski (1985), la prise en compte de l’élève, de ses connaissances et de sa culture est un incontournable pour l’apprentissage et le développement. Ce travail de recherche s’intéresse à l’analyse de l’activité des élèves de première année de lycée, c’est un âge critique pour le développement de la personnalité de l’adolescent pour ce qui concerne le raisonnement mathématique. Le choix du sujet vient de la réforme du système éducatif saoudien, et de son projet pour développer les mathématiques à l’école. Dans cette approche socioconstructiviste, nous avons décidé d’aller au plus près des apprentissages, sur le terrain et aussi hors du système saoudien, pour voir ce que se passe ailleurs, quelle est la place laissée aux jeunes élèves. Nous avons ainsi observé, analysé et discuter les interactions entre les élèves et les professeurs de trois classes de mathématiques en France et en Arabie Saoudite. Dans les démarches suivies dans une configuration en îlots, nous nous rendons compte que ce n’est pas seulement une organisation en îlots qui permet de donner la parole aux jeunes élèves. Les échanges à partir de la réponse à une question, entre le professeur et les élèves étaient faibles. Dans cette étude de thèse, nous nous voyons donner le parole aux jeunes élèves dans deux dispositifs différent ; le focus groupe et l’ACG (l’autoconfrontation de groupe de jeunes), que nous avons développé dans nos analyses. L’approche innovante (ACG) donne la parole aux jeunes dans un dynamique socioconstructiviste est celle que nous cherchons à transférer vers l’Arabie Saoudite. Les résultats montrent que les deux dispositifs sont riches en potentialité, à la fois riches parce que cela redonne confiance en soi aux élèves, et aussi parce que l’estime de soi est revalorisée. Nous relevons également que ces dispositifs ont permis une évolution des pratiques pédagogiques des enseignants. / In the social constructivist theory of Vygotsky (1985), taking into account the student, his knowledge and its culture is a must for learning and development. This research focuses on the analysis of the activity of the students of first year of high school, the critical age for the development of the adolescent's personality with regard to mathematical reasoning. The choice of subject is come from the reform of the Saudi educational system, and its project to develop mathematics in school. In this socio-constructivist approach, we decided to go closer to learning, field and also off the Saudi system, to see what is happening elsewhere, what is instead left to the young students. We observed, analyzed and discussed the interaction between students and teachers from three math classes in France and Saudi Arabia. In the approaches used in islet configuration, we realize that this is not just an organization in islet that can give voice to young students. The exchanges from the answer to a question, between the teacher and the students were low. In this thesis, we see give voice to young students in two different devices; focus group of l’ACG « l’autoconfrontation de groupe de jeunes », (the youth group of self-confrontation) that we have developed in our analyzes. The innovative approach (ACG) gives voice to young people in a social constructivist dynamics is that we seek to move to Saudi Arabia. The results show that the two devices are rich in potential, both rich because it gives confidence to students, and also because self-esteem is revalued. We also note that these devices have allowed an evolution of teaching practices.