iv In this study, an Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) based approach was developed in order to measure the performance of customer-based Research and Development projects being executed in T&Uuml / BTAKSAGE, Defense Research and Development Institute, under the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey. In order to evaluate project performance, many criteria, containing various subcriteria were determined. In order to handle the interdependencies among the criteria and the sub-criteria, ANP was used. The ANP model generated in this study is a hybrid model consisting of both a hierarchy and a network. The pairwise comparison matrices that were built up for defining the importance and influences of the criteria/sub-criteria in the ANP model were formed as interval judgments from a group decision making process, based on data obtained from a questionnaire conducted among the experts in the Institute. From the interval pairwise comparison matrices, weight intervals for the sub-criteria were determined and these bounds were used as assurance region constraints in a super-efficiency DEA model, through which the project ranking was obtained. Taking into consideration that there may occur some missing values in some projects for some of the sub-criteria, the superefficiency DEA model was extended to handle missing data. The model was applied to a real case study on performance evaluation of the ongoing customer-based projects in the Institute. For comparison purposes, the case study was also solved by two other approaches.

本研究旨在參照美國跨州學校領導標準證照聯合會（ISLLC）所提出的「ISLLC學校領導者標準」為例，藉以建構出國民中小學校長領導能力指標權重體系。研究方法運用分析網路程序法（ANP），研究工具則採用編修之「國民中小學校長領導能力指標權重體系調查問卷」，並以校長學、校長培育、學校行政等領域之13位學者專家為研究對象，對國民中小學校長領導能力指標之內容進行重要性評比。 本研究依據研究結果，得到以下二項研究結論： 一、學校文化與教學方案為最重要之校長領導能力向度 二、提升教師專業能力為最重要之校長領導能力指標 而依據研究結論，本研究提出以下建議，以作為教育行政機關、校長培育機構等之參考。 一、對教育行政機關之建議 （一）儘速研擬設立校長培育標準及專責單位 （二）校長領導能力指標可作為校長評鑑與校長證照制度之基礎 二、對校長培育機構之建議 （一）校長培育課程中其校長領導能力的規劃，以「學校文化的建立」與「教師能力的提升」作為初階能力的養成 （二）「提升教師專業能力」、「合作發展與共享」、「發展績效評估系統」作為校長培育課程的首要目標 此外，本研究亦針對後續研究者在研究對象、研究方法及研究範圍等三方面，提出相關建議。 關鍵字：校長領導能力、校長培育課程、分析網路程序法 / The purpose of this study is to construct a weight system of principal’s leadership competence indicators for the elementary and junior high school, and this study refer to “Interstate school leaders licensure consortium: Standards for school leaders” as an example. The main method of this study is Analytic Network Process (ANP). The research instrument of this study is a modified questionnaire which is used to survey the elementary and junior high principal’s leadership competence. 13 scholar experts most in principalship, principal preparation and school administration are taken as the research object to estimate the importance of indicator for the elementary and junior high school principal’s leadership competence. According to the research results, two conclusions are as follows: 1. School culture and instructional program is the most important dimension of school principals' leadership competence. 2. Enhancement of the professional competence of teachers is the most important indicator of school principals' leadership competence. This study provides the following suggestions from the conclusions to the educational administrations and the organizations of principal preparation for reference: 1. For education administration authority (1) Plan to establish the standards of principal preparation and set up an unit in charge of them. (2) The indicator of school principals' leadership competence can be a basis of principal evaluation and principals’ licensure. 2. For the institutes of principal preparation (1) Planning of principals' leadership capacity in the principal preparation courses as entry-level capacities are “The establishment of school culture” and “The enhancement of the professional competence of teachers”. (2) The principal of the primary objective of the course are “The enhancement of the professional competence of teachers”, “The cooperation and development and sharing”, and “The development of performance evaluation system”. In addition, this study also provides future researchers in three areas of the object of study, research methods and scope of the study to make recommendations. Keywords: principal leadership capacity, principal preparation program, analytic network process

This dissertation describes the development of a requirements analysis methodology that takes into account the concept of operations and the hierarchical decomposition of aerospace systems. At the core of the methodology, the Analytic Network Process (ANP) is used to ensure the traceability between the qualitative and quantitative information present in the hierarchical model. The proposed methodology is implemented to the requirements definition of a hurricane tracker Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. Three research objectives are identified in this work; (1) improve the requirements mapping process by matching the stakeholder expectations with the concept of operations, systems and available resources; (2) reduce the epistemic uncertainty surrounding the requirements and requirements mapping; and (3) improve the requirements down-selection process by taking into account the level of importance of the criteria and the available resources. Several challenges are associated with the identification and definition of requirements. The complexity of the system implies that a large number of requirements are needed to define the systems. These requirements are defined early in the conceptual design, where the level of knowledge is relatively low and the level of uncertainty is large. The proposed methodology intends to increase the level of knowledge and reduce the level of uncertainty by guiding the design team through a structured process. To address these challenges, a new methodology is created to flow-down the requirements from the stakeholder expectations to the systems alternatives. A taxonomy of requirements is created to classify the information gathered during the problem definition. Subsequently, the operational and systems functions and measures of effectiveness are integrated to a hierarchical model to allow the traceability of the information. Monte Carlo methods are used to evaluate the variations of the hierarchical model elements and consequently reduce the epistemic uncertainty. The proposed methodology is applied to the design of a hurricane tracker Unmanned Aerial Vehicles to demonstrate the origin and impact of requirements on the concept of operations and systems alternatives. This research demonstrates that the hierarchical modeling methodology provides a traceable flow-down of the requirements from the problem definition to the systems alternatives phases of conceptual design.

[ES] Las áreas naturales protegidas del Ecuador enfrentan varias amenazas ambientales, de entre las cuales, el pastoreo es una de las más graves en varios Parques Nacionales (PN), incluyendo el Parque Nacional Cotopaxi (PNC). Desde la gestión de algunos parques nacionales se están proponiendo alternativas de acción para compaginar los objetivos de conservación ambiental de los PN con el pastoreo, al mismo tiempo que se promueve el desarrollo social y económico de los ganaderos del lugar y de otros actores sociales que dependen de los recursos naturales del PNC. En este contexto se enmarca la propuesta de esta tesis para la evaluación participativa de la sostenibilidad del pastoreo en los PN. Para elaborar la metodología de trabajo, que se aplica al PNC pero se propone extenderla a otros PN comparables, se han utilizado tres conocidas herramientas: el Análisis de Redes Sociales (ARS), el Análisis de Poder (AP) y el Proceso Analítico de Red (Analytic Network Process, ANP). El ARS fue aplicado para obtener la red social que modela el pastoreo en el PNC. Esta técnica permitió identificar hasta 169 actores relacionados con la sostenibilidad del pastoreo en el PNC. De estos, 39 pudieron ser entrevistados y el resto hubo que descartarlos por diversos motivos. El ARS permitió evaluar la importancia el intercambio de información sobre el pastoreo entre los diferentes actores, así como también sus vínculos y flujos de información. El AP fue desarrollado para completar la estimación de la importancia de los actores evaluados. Se analizaron los poderes visible, oculto e invisible para conocer el poder real de los actores. Esto permitirá elegir a los actores más influyentes para la participación en la evaluación de la sostenibilidad del pastoreo en el PNC. Y por otro lado, el AP permite estudiar qué pasaría si el poder de estos actores se incluyera en el modelo de evaluación participativa desarrollado con ANP. El ANP permite modelar un problema de evaluación como un problema de decisión, incluyendo las diversas variables o criterios que determinan la sostenibilidad del pastoreo. También permite incluir a los actores sociales en la evaluación de las alternativas de solución. En la metodología presentada, un panel de expertos en manejo de áreas naturales determinó el modelo de evaluación, esto es, la red de criterios de valoración y las alternativas de solución agrupadas en clústeres. Y un panel con los actores elegidos tras la aplicación del ARS y el AP evaluó la importancia de los criterios y la sostenibilidad de las alternativas. Los resultados de la investigación confirman que los actores sociales tienen diferentes intereses, sensibilidades y formas de comprender la sostenibilidad. Además se pudo identificar estos intereses y estimar su importancia. Gracias a la aplicación del modelo ANP, los actores que participaron comprenden mejor sus juicios y los de los otros actores. Así, una participación mejor fundada fue obtenida y el consenso, o al menos acuerdos generales, son más probables. También, se consiguió un mayor compromiso hacia el objetivo general de conservación del PNC, ya que el modelo de decisión facilita el diseño de alternativas de solución para disminuir el posible perjuicio para algunos actores, o para el ambiente. Finalmente, en relación a los resultados, para el caso de la sostenibilidad del pastoreo en el PNC, los principales criterios que deben ser tenidos en cuenta son: Contaminación atmosférica debido a la quema de pajonales, y Contaminación de aguas superficiales, y entre las estrategias para llevar a cabo un pastoreo más sostenible son: Desarrollo de alternativas productivas al pastoreo y Control de ingreso del ganado/Delimitación física del parque. / [CA] Les àrees naturals protegides de l'Equador, enfronten diverses amenaces ambientals, d'entre les quals, el pasturatge és una de les més greus en diversos Parcs Nacionals (PN), incloent el Parc Nacional Cotopaxi (PNC). Des de la gestió d'alguns parcs nacionals s'estan proposant alternatives d'acció per compaginar els objectius de conservació ambiental dels PN amb la pastura, al mateix temps que es promou el desenvolupament social i econòmic dels ramaders del lloc i d'altres actors socials que depenen dels recursos naturals del PNC. En aquest context s'emmarca la proposta d'aquesta tesi per a l'avaluació participativa de la sostenibilitat del pasturatge en els PN. Per elaborar la metodologia de treball, que s'aplica a l'PNC però es proposa estendre-la a altres PN comparables, s'han utilitzat tres cnocidas eines: de l'anàlisi de xarxes socials (ARS), l'Anàlisi de Poder (AP) i Procés Analític de Xarxa (Analytic Network Process, ANP). El ARS va ser aplicat per obtenir la xarxa social que modela el pasturatge en el PNC. Aquesta tècnica va permetre identificar fins a 169 actors relacionats amb la sotenibilitat del pasturatge en el PNC. D'aquests, 39 van poder ser entrevistats i la resta va caldre descartar-los per diversos motius. El ARS va permetre avaluar la importància dels actors per a la comunicaió sobre el pasturatge, així com també els seus vincles i fluxos d'informació. El AP va ser desenvolupat per completar l'estimació de la importància dels actors avaluats. Es van analitzar, els poders visible, ocult i invisible per conèixer el poder real dels actors. Això permetrà elegir els actors més influents per a la participació en l'avaluació de la sostenibilitat del pasturatge en el PNC. I d'altra banda, permet estudiar què passaria si el poder d'aquests actors s'inclogués en el model d'avaluació participativa desenvolupat amb ANP. El ANP permet modelar un problema d'avaluació com un problema de decisió, incloent les diverses variables o criteris que determinen la sostenibilitat del pasturatge, i incloure als actors socials en l'avaluació de les alternatives de solució. En la metodologia presentada, un panell d'experts en maneig d'àrees naturals va determinar el model d'avaluació, això és la xarxa de criteris de valoració i les alternatives de solució agrupades en clústers. I un panell amb els actors triats després de l'aplicació de l'ARS i el AP va avaluar la importància dels criteris i la sostenibilitat de les alternatives. Els resultats de la investigació confirmen que els actors socials tenen diferents interessos, sensibilitats i formes de comprendre la sostenibilitat. A més es va poder identificar aquests interessos i estimar la seva importància. Gràcies a l'aplicació del model ANP, els actors que van participar comprenen millor els seus interessos i els dels altres actors. Així, una participació millor fundada va ser obtinguda i el consens, o almenys acords generals, són més probables. També, s'aconsegueix un major compromís cap a l'objectiu general de conservació ja que el model de decisió facilita la millora del disseny d'alternatives de solució per disminuir el possible perjudici per a alguns actors, o per l'ambient. Finalment, en relació als resultats, per al cas de la sostenibilitat del pasturatge en el PNC, els principals criteris que s'han de tenir en compte són: Contaminació atmosfèrica causa de la crema de pastiales, i Contaminació d'aigües superficials. Entre les estratègies per dur a terme un pasturatge més sostenible són: Desenvolupament d'alternatives productives al pasturatge i Control d'ingrés de bestiar / Delimitació física del parc. / [EN] The natural protected areas of Ecuador face several environmental threats, among which grazing is one of the most serious in several National Parks (PN), including Cotopaxi National Park (PNC). From the management of some national parks, alternatives for action are being proposed to reconcile PN's environmental conservation objectives with grazing, while promoting the social and economic development of local livestock farmers and other social actors that depend of the PNC's natural resources. In this context, the proposal of this thesis for the participatory evaluation of the sustainability of grazing in NPs is framed. In order to elaborate the work methodology, which is applied to the PNC but is proposed to be extended to other comparable PNs, three tools have been used: Social Network Analysis (SNA), Power Analysis (AP) and Analytical Network Process (ANP). The ARS was applied to obtain the social network that models grazing in the PNC. This technique allowed the identification of up to 169 stakeholders related to the sustainability of grazing in the PNC. Of these, 39 could be interviewed and the rest had to be discarded for various reasons. The SNA allowed evaluating the importance of the actors for communication about grazing, as well as their links and flows of information. The AP was developed to complete the estimation of the importance of the actors evaluated. They visible, hidden and invisible powers were analyzed to know the real power of the actors. This will allow choosing the most influential actors for participation in the evaluation of the sustainability of grazing in the PNC. In addition, on the other hand, it allows studying what would happen if the power of these actors were included in the participatory evaluation model developed with ANP. The ANP can model an evaluation problem as a decision problem, including the various variables or criteria that determine the sustainability of grazing, and including social actors in the evaluation of alternative solutions. In the methodology presented, a panel of experts in natural area management determined the evaluation model, i.e. the network of valuation criteria and solution alternatives sorted in clusters. Following, a panel with the chosen actors after the application of the ARS and the AP evaluated the importance of the criteria and the sustainability of the alternatives. The research results confirm that social actors have different interests, sensitivities and ways of understanding sustainability. Furthermore, these interests could be identified and their importance assessed. Thanks to the application of the ANP model, the actors who participated understand better their interests and those of the other actors. Thus, a better founded participation was obtained and consensus, or at least general agreements, are more likely. Besides, a greater commitment towards the general objective of conservation is achieved since the decision model facilitates the improvement of the design of alternative solutions for reducing the possible harm to some actors, or to the environment. Finally, in relation to the results, in the case of sustainability of grazing in the PNC, the main criteria that should be taken into account are: Atmospheric pollution due to burning of grasslands, and Contamination of surface waters. Among strategies to carry out a more sustainable grazing, most preferred are: Development of productive alternatives to grazing and Control of cattle entry / Physical delimitation of the park. / A la Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, a través del Centro de Cooperación al Desarrollo (programa ADSIDEO 2011) y al Departamento de Proyectos de Ingeniería. Finalmente, a la Universidad de la Fuerzas Armadas – ESPE, a través del Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y la Construcción, por haberme brindado la colaboración necesaria para el desarrollo de ésta investigación. / Jácome Enríquez, WO. (2021). Aplicación del ANP y el ARS a la evaluación participativa de la sostenibilidad del pastoreo en las áreas naturales protegidas. Caso de estudio: Parque nacional Cotopaxi [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/168769 / TESIS

Over the past few decades, environmental changes have led to more frequent occurrences and greater intensities of natural disasters worldwide. In terms of globally connected supply chains, this has resulted in an enormous economical loss for corporations. Therefore, Business Continuity and Disaster Recovery (BC/DR) planning and management has become essential for businesses in order to protect their critical business flow. Yet there is a lack of systematic and transparent methodologies for companies to handle this problem. Hence, this thesis introduces a novel approach to combine consecutive steps of the Disaster Recovery Planning (DRP) process within one application. The multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) tool called the Analytic Network Process (ANP) is employed to identify critical products of a business and match them with optimal disruption mitigation strategies based on an evaluation of benefits, opportunities, costs, and risks (BOCR). To validate the method developed in this thesis, a case study using historical data of a U.S. company (Company XYZ) is introduced. The results of the ANP mathematical modeling demonstrate that the developed methodology provides a valuable approach to analyze and confirm BC/DR planning decisions. Moreover, an expert of Company XYZ confirmed that the suggested solution established through this case study is in agreement with the preferable choice based on his expertise and professional decision-making. Further research could extend the proposed methodology to other fields of BC/DR planning, such as IT Disaster Recovery Planning or Human Disaster Relief.

Network screening and countermeasure selection are two crucial steps in the highway improvement process. In network screening, potential improvement locations are ranked and prioritized based on a specific method with a set of criteria. The most common practice by transportation agencies has been to use a simple scoring method, which, in general, weighs and scores each criterion and then ranks the locations based on their relative overall scoring. The method does not deal well with criteria that are qualitative in nature, nor does it account for the impacts of correlation among the criteria. The introduction of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) provides agencies with a method to include both quantitative and qualitative criteria. However, it does not address the issue on correlation. This dissertation explores the use of both Analytic Network Process (ANP) and Fuzzy Analytic Network Process (FANP) for their potential capabilities to address both issues. Using urban four-lane divided highways in Florida for bicycle safety improvements, both ANP and FANP were shown to provide more reasonable rankings than AHP, with FANP providing the best results among the methods. After the locations are ranked and prioritized for improvements, the next step is to evaluate the potential countermeasures for improvements at the selected top-ranked locations. In this step, the standard practice has been to use Crash Modification Factors (CMFs) to quantify the potential impacts from implementing specific countermeasures. In this research, CMFs for bicycle crashes on urban facilities in Florida were developed using the Generalized Linear Model approach with a Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) distribution. The CMFs were tested for their spatial and temporal transferability and the results show only limited transferability both spatially and temporally. The CMFs show that, in general, wider lanes, lower speed limits, and presence of vegetation in the median reduce bicycle crashes, while presence of sidewalk and sidewalk barrier increase bicycle crashes. The research further considered bicycle exposure using the bicycle activity data from the Strava smartphone application. It was found that increased bicycle activity reduces bicycle crash probabilities on segments but increases bicycle crash probabilities at signalized intersections. Also, presence of bus stops and use of permissive signal phasing at intersections were found to increase bicycle crash probabilities.

自1984年鐵路地下化以來，地下街漸成為國內普遍的都市設施，至今台北都會區亦已開發了八處地下街。而近年來有關地下街之研究多在強調經營管理面的重要性，將地下街視為重要都市商業空間的延伸，特別是在像台北這樣的商業密集型都市中，更認為經營地下街的目的在於創造巨大的商機，卻反而忽略了地下街規劃設計之原意及功能。鑑於地下街主要係銜接大眾運輸場站的通行空間，在交通功能外，兼具商業及防災等功能的複雜特殊場域。而如何有系統地診斷現況地下街規劃設計面之課題，乃為本文之研究重點。 基此，本研究首先回顧國內外有關人行空間、商業空間以及地下街之文獻研究，採以模糊德爾菲法（Fuzzy Delphi Method，FDM）進行評估因子篩選，整合多位專家學者建議與互動結果，建立包括交通順暢、防災保全與商業環境等三項層面之評估架構；再透過分析網路程序法(Analytic Network Process，ANP)，在考量各項評估因子間交互關係的前提下，彙整專家群體決策求取各項評估準則之權重值，完成「地下街空間規劃最適評估架構」之建立，其中發現專家群體首重「交通順暢」與「防災保全」兩層面，反視「商業環境」為地下街發展之附屬功能。 最後則以該評估架構為基礎，實地運用於現況地下街之檢討，針對台北市站前地下街與東區地下街進行實證分析，歸納出目前地下街所面臨之課題並提出相關具體建議。評估結果顯示，站前地下街於交通順暢與商業環境層面之表現皆不如東區地下街，得師法東區地下街之空間規劃設計進行加強；而在權重值較高的防災保全層面，此兩條地下街之因應手段皆有所不足，亟待相關單位進行改善。據此本研究除提出相關規劃、管理手段加以解決交通與商業環境面課題外，更強調透過疏散引導計畫研擬、防災管理系統整合、民眾防救災知識教育等手段改善現況防災保全之欠缺；進而建議相關單位得盡速建立一套專責法規範進行把關，藉以維護地下街建設之品質與安全。 / Since railway started to go underground in 1984, the underground streets have been emerging as popular city facilities in Taipei Megalopolis. Up to now, eight underground streets have been developed. In recent years, most researches about underground streets emphasize the importance of administration, and regard them as the extension of commercial space within cities, especially in the commerce-intensive cities such as Taipei. On the contrary, the underground streets’ original meaning and function of planning and design had been ignored. Owing to the complex and particular characteristics of these places, systematical diagnosis is needed to be discovered in spatial planning. For constructing an evaluation framework, this research reviews references related to pedestrian space, commercial space, and underground streets firstly. And, FDM (Fuzzy Delphi Method) method was utilized to extract proper impact criteria. To the evaluation framework, including three dimensions “traffic function”, “commercial environment”, and “disaster-prevention and security”, etc. Furthermore, ANP (Analytic Network Process) method was used to overcome the inter-correlation of each impact criteria for refining the evaluation framework and also generate the weight values. Both dimensions include “traffic function” and “disaster-prevention show high weight values as expected, contrarily regard “commercial environment” as accidental function of underground streets. Finally, based on this evaluation framework, user questionnaires were designed and surveyed in the Taipei Station Front Metro Mall and the East Metro Mall, for discovering the issues underground streets confront at present. Research results show that the planning of East Metro Mall is better than Taipei Station Front Metro Mall in the dimension of “traffic function” and“ commercial environment”. In the aspect of “disaster-prevention and security”, both these underground streets don’t have enough contingency ability, and should be improved immediately. According to the research findings, this study suggests some solutions for traffic function and commercial environment, and also emphasizes how to improve the planning of “disaster-prevention and security”. Moreover, related standards and guidelines for design and planning should be drawn up in related laws and regulations, in order to keep the quality and safety of underground streets’ space.

台灣圖書出版業者為了增加競爭優勢、降低成本，將物流業務利用外包處理的方式已經相當普遍。為實現使用第三方物流業者之物流服務所帶來之效益，選擇適當的第三方物流公司作為合作夥伴是成功的關鍵之ㄧ，因此如何評選第三方物流公司，就顯得格外重要。 有鑒於圖書出版業者以往易根據供應商的印象或交情，抑或僅憑自己主觀的認定評選物流供應商，比較缺乏系統性的評選；又考量的因素往往難以完全獨立，為解決此一問題，本研究提供一第三方物流供應商評選方法，其包括： 1. 篩選第三方物流供應商評選指標；以及 2. 利用分析網路程序法（ANP）確立評選指標之相對權重。 在參考過去相關研究，並透過專家訪談，歸納出適用於圖書出版業對於第三方物流業者之評選指標，其分為服務品質、履約能力、服務品質、價格條件、資訊管理能力、經營績效五大構面以及17個評選指標；並利用ANP將評選指標之間的相依回饋關係納入考量，找出各指標的權重，以作為企業評選第三方物流業者之評選參考。 之後，本研究以使用第三方物流之圖書出版業者為實例進行說明。研究中發現，圖書出版業者間在評選第三方物流供應商時，所重視的指標會有所不同，業者會根據過去與物流供應商實際合作情況，回饋於選擇第三方物流供應商的系統中，修正評選指標，調整權重認定，以找到適合的物流供應商。以個案公司來說，於第三方物流供應商評選時，對於訂單履行準確性及準時將貨物送達顧客是最重要的考量因素，其反映個案公司過去與第三方物流供應商合作之經驗。 最後，本研究所提供之方法亦可提供決策者充分的資訊與系統化的思考，有利企業做為最終決策的參考。 / As book publishing firms are looking to increase competitiveness, strengthen core competencies and lower overall costs, outsourcing logistics to third party logistics (3PL) service providers have become common practice. To ensure the success and to maximize the benefits of such practice, the selection of the 3PL becomes particularly crucial. This study provides a comprehensive methodology to the selection of a 3PL provider, consisting of two parts: 1. Screening criteria to employ during the selection of a provider；and 2. Determining the relative importance of each screening criterion by the analytic network process (ANP) approach. A total of seventeen criteria have been identified by experts in the book publishing industry with respect to service quality, capabilities, price, information technology management and operational performance of the 3PL providers. As interdependencies exist between each criterion and cannot be captured by the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), to solve such types of problems, this study utilizes ANP to determine the relative weighting in the selection of a 3PL provider. Thereafter, the application of ANP for the selection of a 3PL provider is demonstrated through an illustrative example. The result of the example provided indicates that the criteria of shipment error rates and on-time shipment and deliveries are the most important, and this reflects the influence of the experiences from past cooperation between the case company and 3PL providers. This approach also enables the decision-makers to better understand the complex relationship between the relevant attributes during the decision-making process, which may subsequently improve the outcome of the decision.

Os Sistemas Integrados de Gestão, também conhecidos como ERP (Enterprise Re-source Planning), vem tendo ampla utilização nas organizações a partir dos anos 90. Por exigir um investimento de elevado valor financeiro para a sua implantação, os responsáveis pela sua aquisição devem tomar cuidados especiais, uma vez que os seus resultados positivos ou negativos somente surgem após longo período de im-plantação, às vezes após muitos anos. Sendo um problema complexo, repleto de incertezas e riscos, os decisores tomam muito de seu tempo para analisar os diver-sos critérios e funcionalidades das ofertas de sistemas recebidas. A tese objetiva apresentar um procedimento que possibilite às empresas, em particular as de pe-queno e médio porte, um procedimento que as permita analisar quando do interesse da aquisição de um ERP, qual das ofertas disponíveis estará mais adequada às su-as necessidades de negócio, baseado em um método multicritérios de apoio à deci-são. A revisão da literatura analisa os Sistemas de Informação (SI) informatizados e os principais papéis desempenhados por eles: apoio às operações, apoio à vanta-gem competitiva e apoio à decisão. A seleção das ofertas propostas foi efetuada uti-lizando o método de Estudo de Casos múltiplos em empresas que adquiriram esses sistemas,ghy utilizando o ANP (Analytic Network Process) como instrumento de pesquisa. Para se estabelecer uma classificação dos critérios utilizados na análise foi utilizada a Técnica Delphi, a qual foi realizada junto a especialistas em Tecnologia de Informação. O resultado obtido pelo Estudo de Casos mostrou que o procedimen-to proposto é válido e pode ser utilizado por empresas de todos os portes. / The use of Integrated Management Systems, also known as ERP (Enterprise Re-source Planning), are widely accepted by organizations since beginning of the ni-neties. As its implementation means a high financial value investment, the respon-sible team for its acquisition has to take special cares, once their positive or nega-tive results will appear only after long implementation period, often after many years. As it is a complex decision problem, evolving uncertainties and risks, the decision agents spend a lot of time to analyze the several criteria and functional-ities from received offers. This thesis presents a proposal which makes possible the companies, particularly those of small or medium sizes, which allows to analyze during the ERP acquisition phase, the available offers more adapted to their business requirements, based on a multi-criteria support decision method. The literature revision analyzes the computerized Information Systems (IS) and the main roles carried out by them: operations support, competitive advantage support and decision support. In order to define the criteria set used in the multi-criteria analysis, the Delphi Method was used and it was answered by Information Technology experts. These criteria was used to classify the ERP\'s offers using the multiple cases study using ANP (Analytic Network Process) as research tool.. The results obtained by case study in four companies were used to validate several propositions.

由於跨組織關係的出現，企業為增加全球競爭力，供應鏈管理已成為非常重要的議題。其所重視的不僅是功能性的連結，亦著重於內部的流通，因此非常注重供應鏈成員間的資訊分享，用以創造長期永久的利潤。而為達到此目的，企業與企業彼此會互相逹成共識，進而相互結盟成為夥伴關係，這樣的夥伴關係是建立於相互信任、共擔風險與利益共享上，因此可藉由夥伴關係的建立，達到相互的信任進而願意資訊分享，如此不但可取得競爭優勢，並可創造出比企業個體更大的事業績效（Lambert et al., 1996）。 由上述得知，供應鏈組織中夥伴關係的建立常會牽涉到信任的形成，並用此來考量是否願意分享資訊。所以本研究針對資訊分享的議題，探討合作夥伴的信任程度對資訊分享的意願兩者是否有影響，藉由此協助企業在實施供應鏈管理上能有較適當的依循。即是希望建構一個信任函數，並經由運算設定此函數的門檻值進而探討資訊分享意願，若合作夥伴達信任門檻值，則彼此是願意資訊分享的；而針對未達門檻值的合作夥伴，可藉由信任函數中最具效益的構面指標，進行最有效的績效改善，提升供應夥伴的品質、服務、交貨速度及成本等等，用以達到信任門檻值，增加合作夥伴間資訊分享的意願。 因此本研究主要目的為建構一信任函數模型，使合作夥伴達到信任門檻，增加資訊分享意願，最終希望能提升整體供應鏈的績效表現。 / Because of Inter-organizational Relationships’ appearance, enterprises are in order to increase the global competitiveness, supplying chain management has already become very important topic. That pays attention to not only functional linking of ones, also focus on internal circulation. Therefore it pays much attention to supplying the information sharing among a member of the chain. And for achieve this purpose, among enterprises reach an agreement to form an alliance and become the partnership. Such a partnership is founded on trust in each other, taking risks together and benefits-sharing. So they can reach mutual trust then would like to carry on information sharing by setting up the partnership. That not only can make the competition advantage, but also can create the performance greater than the individual enterprise （Lambert et al., 1996）. Consequently setting up the partnership regular involves in forming trust in supply chain. So we can use this viewpoint to consider would like to share information or not. Hence the research focuses on information sharing to probe into the relation between the degree of trust in the partnership and the willingness of information sharing.That is that builds and constructs a trust function, and sets up the threshold value via operation and then discusses the willingness of information sharing. If the cooperative partner reaches the value of threshold will willing to share information between each other. And aimed at cooperative partners who can’t reach the value of threshold, they can precede the most effective performance by using the beneficial dimension. Then improve their quality, service, delivery pace and cost, etc., in order to reach the will of information sharing.