The purpose of this study was to examine and analyse how the transformation taking place at the University of Dar es Salaam in the context of corporatisation addressed the challenges of access and equity as central features of national development. The study was based on the premise that widening access to and equity in higher education contributes to the development and prosperity of the nation in Tanzania. The study used a qualitative case study design. Epistemologically, the study was located within the constructivist paradigm which is premised on a social construction of reality. I used both purposive and snowball sampling techniques to select both the research site and the participants. Face-to-face, semi-structured interviews and an in-depth document analysis were used to collect the requisite data. The data were analysed qualitatively by developing themes using the Atlas.ti program. The findings revealed firstly that both internal and external factors had provided the impetus for the transformation of the university. The findings also indicated a strong move towards the privatisation of the university. This was evident in the outsourcing of the non-core activities of the university as well as the introduction of market-driven programmes. Secondly, the implementation of corporate strategies had both–positive and negative, planned and unplanned consequences. While the university had significantly increased its student intake, improved the efficient utilisation of its resources and diversified its sources of income, it had, nevertheless, been unable to match the increased student intake with improved teaching and learning resources as well as enhanced student support services. In addition, the influence of both donors and the organisational culture shaped and influenced the adoption and implementation of a corporate culture with regard to the management of the university. With respect to the role played by the university in national development, the adoption and implementation of the market approach was characterised by a paradigm shift from viewing the university as a social institution that serves the community to that of an institution that meets the demands of the market. Overall, the findings indicate that effective leadership, supported by a favourable policy environment, was a critical component in the realisation of the institutional transformation goals. The study suggests that a combination of both the state-controlled model and the market model in public higher education institutions should be encouraged and promoted for the purposes of equity, efficiency and effectiveness. Accordingly, this study suggests that the idea of „asymmetrical balance‟ is a strategic approach that will enable the university to mediate the contesting demands of both the national and the market imperatives. The notion of asymmetrical balance argues that the goals of national development and efficiency are not mutually exclusive and that they could potentially be mutually beneficial. / Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2014. / lk2014 / Education Management and Policy Studies / PhD / Unrestricted

Magister Legum - LLM / The aim of this study is to critically analyse corporate social responsibility as a tool to accelerate the achievement of development goals in Zimbabwe. The main question is how CSR can be used to speed up the achievement of development goals? The paper will focus on how CSR can be used to achieve national development goals and MDGs that will soon be integrated into SDGs. Attention will be paid to MDG1 which goal is to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger; and MDG 5 which aims to improve maternal health and national development goals in Zimbabwe. The research is guided by the following objectives: 1. To examine international, regional and national legal frameworks that seek to promote corporate social responsibility in Zimbabwe. 2. To establish the connection between CSR and development goals in Zimbabwe, and explore how CSR can be used as a tool to fast-track the achievement of national development goals and UN development goals. The paper will investigate the efforts made by the Zimbabwean government to eradicate extreme poverty and hunger and to improve maternal health. The two MDGs are proving to be difficult to be achieved by the end of 2015. 3. To recommend measures that would facilitate the promotion of CSR into Zimbabwean companies and assist the government in achieving the developmental goals within the specified time frame.

The tripartite alliance is an unusual structure of governance which consolidates the rule of the African National Congress (ANC) as a dominant party through three parties each with a unique ideological trajectory and constituency base. The structure is a unique space for policy formulation and agenda setting and often finds itself in conflict about policy approaches and directives. In 2012 the National Development Plan (NDP) came into fruition and the period prior to its production saw policy consensus on developmental policy approaches within the Tripartite Alliance as a structure. Using this instance of policy making within the Tripartite Alliance this thesis asks: How does policy happen with in the Tripartite Alliance. To answer this question, the public policy scholarship framework known as the Multiple Streams Framework as founded by John Kingdon, breaks policy processes into three distinct themes, analysing exactly how policy occurs in the structure. This analysis will therefore test the theory of the Multiple Streams Framework on the case study of development policy making within the tripartite alliance between 2007 and 2012, discerning how useful it is in answering how policy happens within the structure.

Mini-study project (MBA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Business Process Re-engineering (BPR) has been undertaken by many organisations with the hope of dramatically improving their competitive position. In most cases however, this undertaking has been a failure. For the success of the BPR, organisational and people issues are of critical importance and cannot be overlooked, as often is the case. Many organisations have not recognised the fundamental need of fully addressing the "soft people issues" during their re-engineering exercises. The ability of the Management team and Management Consultants to filter through these soft issues is of critical importance to the success of the BPR. This study discusses leadership as the first topical issue. Within the parenthesis of LNDC, it then explores the leadership skills required by management of this institution. Leadership is intensely studied from the traits models, situational, consistency models to the transformational leadership styles. Change leadership forms an important basis of the discussions. Organisational culture is one important aspect that has to be considered during change initiative. Crafting and creating appropriate organisational culture forms the centrepiece of leaders' consideration during organisational change. The ability of a leader to create shared values within the organisation leads to building a strong corporate culture that distinguishes between organisations. The McKinsey's seven S model provides a firm framework for most changing organisations. This model illustrates how the soft, yet important issues powerfully impact the BPR process. All of these namely, strategy, structure, systems, style, skills, staff and shared values, are equally important and if any one of them is not properly aligned with the rest, the whole change process may become a failure. This model impacts all seven S's of the organisational dimension and is driven by strategy. Communication on the other hand forms another important element of the discussions. This study shows that without proper communication during organisational change, the whole change process can become a complete failure. The ability of a leader to disseminate intended information appropriately to the employees requires one to have skills and communication methods that are applicable to that particular organisational setting. After undertaking a survey at the LNDC, the researcher concluded that management, at this corporation lacks leadership skills necessary for managing change in an organisation. Recommendations have been made suggesting that the either the CEO be replaced or trained in leadership skills. This would help the organisation to successfully implement the intended change process. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: geen opsomming

Devido ao colapso da economia americana, em 2009, os Fluxos de Capitais foram somente da Ordem Econômica de US$ 1.8 trilhões, 82% menos do que em 2007 (US$ 10.5 trilhões). Em 2009, o volume de comércio diário de ativos foi de US$ 1.5 trilhões, com US$ 178 trilhões como ativos financeiros. Os Investimentos Internacionais produtivos são uma das bases da internacionalização de empresas e do capital. Ao estabelecer uma planta industrial e/ou adquirir ações de empresas, este fluxo transfronteiriço de capital aporta bens, tecnologia, novas práticas administrativas, inter alios actos, e se distingue do investimento bursátil de carácter meramente especulativo e apátrida do hot money. Escrito em 3 (três) capítulos, este trabalho prescruta, no plano internacional, as regras jurídicas dos fluxos produtivos e as Medidas de Comércio Relacionadas aos Investimentos (TRIMs) da Organização Mundial de Comércio (OMC). Estas contêm cláusulas de Restrições as Práticas de Negócios que impedem os Estados-Membros da OMC a realizarem políticas públicas de desenvolvimento nacional. Não se olvidando do diálogo das fontes normativas internacionais, uma vez que a OMC não está em isolamento clínico do direito internacional, assim, verifica-se um claro embate entre a Soberania Permanente aos Recursos Naturais e o Direito ao Desenvolvimento. Entre mais de 140 (cento e quarenta) casos julgados pelo ICSID, excepcionalemente, e somente em 1 (um), o Estado-hospedeiro venceu, feito o exame dos 2 (dois) grandes sistemas jurídicos de investimentos. A tríade (EUA, UE, Japão) mais Coreia do Sul querem um modelo ainda mais liberal de regras de investimentos na OMC. Discorre este trabalho sobre os mais de 2.500 (dois mil e quinhentos) Bilateral Investments Treaties (BITs) e os Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs), como o do NAFTA, draft do MAI, e as Instituições de Bretton Woods ligadas ao IED, e a interação com a Doutrina, Jurisprudência e tendências. A UNCTAD critica veementemente este conjunto de regras liberais, sejam os BITs, sejam as TRIMs. O núcleo irradiador deste trabalho é a Declaração Conjunta indo-brasileira, que propõe a Reforma das TRIMs (G/TRIMS/W/25) para permitir, por meio de compras locais e requisitos de performance, o manejo de políticas públicas de desenvolvimento nacional hoje proibidas. Este trabalho conclui ser a Reforma das TRIMs uma impraticabilidade diplomática, de modo que o direito ao desenvolvimento dar-se-ia como improvável exceção. / Due to the US economic downturn, the Capital Flows in 2009 were only from the economic order of U.S.$ 1.8 trillion, 82% less than 2007 (US$ 10.5 trillion). In 2009 the daily trading volume of assets were U.S.$ 1.5 trillion with US$ 178 trillion as financial assets. The productive International Investments are one of the bases from the internationalization enterprises and of the capital. By establishing an industrial plant and/or acquire assets of companies, this cross-border flow of capital brings goods, technology, new management practices, inter alios acts. Distinguishing itself, by this way, from the stock market investment of purely speculative character and stateless, from the hot money. Written in 3 (three) chapters, this work search, in the international field, the legal rules from productive flows and the Trade Related Investment Measures (TRIMs) of the World Trade Organization (WTO). These clauses contains Restrictive Business Practices (RBP) that prevents States-Members from the WTO to carry out public policies of national development. Not forgetting the dialogue of sources from international rules, once the WTO is not in clinical isolation from the international law there is a clear clash between the Permanent Sovereignty on Natural Resources and the Right to Development. Between more than 140 (one hundred and forty) cases tried by ICSID, exceptionally and only one (one) the host-State won. Made the examination of the 2 (two) major legal systems of investments. The Triad (USA, EU and Japan) plus South Korea wants a model with more liberal investment rules in the WTO. Discusses this work on the more than 2500 (two thousand and five hundred) Bilateral Investments Treaties (BITs) and Regional Trade Agreements (RTAs) such as NAFTA, the MAI draft, and the Bretton Woods institutions related to FDI and the interaction with doctrine, jurisprudence and trends. UNCTAD strongly criticizes this liberal set of rules, not only the BITs, but also the TRIMs. The core matter from this work is the Indo-Brazilian Joint Statement on the Reform of the TRIMs (G/TRIMS/W/25), that proposes through local purchases and performance requirements the right of management of public policies for national development currently forbidden. This work concludes that the Reform of the TRIMs is a diplomatic impractibility, in a mode that the Right to development can be achieved as an improbable exception

<p>This research study focuses on the way the Namibian public sector plans and implements capital projects, mainly in the Ohangwena region, and the Ministry of Health and Social Services in general. The research results show that the planning and project process is not clear and that options need to be considered for the improvement thereof. It is observed that often some of the identified and approved capital projects are not implemented and, if implemented, this is typically done in two or three years. Most parts of Ohangwena are comprised of sandy roads, especially the north-eastern area of Ohangwena which represents a large part of the region. Distances between health facilities and the scarcity of transport make it difficult for the community to easily reach the nearest health facility. The primary objective of this study is to perform an assessment of the planning process in the public sector for the implementation of capital projects and its effectiveness with regard to the planning and implementation of identified capital projects. From the outset, the critical issue is not only implementation, but also how the Ministry plans its capital projects for successful implementation. Interestingly, no research has been done before on this topic in Namibia. Against this background, officials (planners) that are directly involved in capital projects design were interviewed at the district, regional and national levels of the Ministry. The research investigation found that, in general, the planning and project processes in the Ministry are good, but a number of weaknesses were observed in the implementation process. The findings of the study showed that capacity in the Ministry, in terms of skills and technical expertise, are among the main causes of delay in the implementation of capital projects, particularly in the region and in the Ministry in general. The research found that lack of technical expertise in the Ministry and the limited capacity of those responsible for capital projects initiation and implementation, especially at the District and Regional level, have a substantial influence on most of all the weaknesses observed in the system. In this regard, specific recommendations were made regarding the prioritization of the necessary posts and building capacity at the operational level</p>

<p>This research study focuses on the way the Namibian public sector plans and implements capital projects, mainly in the Ohangwena region, and the Ministry of Health and Social Services in general. The research results show that the planning and project process is not clear and that options need to be considered for the improvement thereof. It is observed that often some of the identified and approved capital projects are not implemented and, if implemented, this is typically done in two or three years. Most parts of Ohangwena are comprised of sandy roads, especially the north-eastern area of Ohangwena which represents a large part of the region. Distances between health facilities and the scarcity of transport make it difficult for the community to easily reach the nearest health facility. The primary objective of this study is to perform an assessment of the planning process in the public sector for the implementation of capital projects and its effectiveness with regard to the planning and implementation of identified capital projects. From the outset, the critical issue is not only implementation, but also how the Ministry plans its capital projects for successful implementation. Interestingly, no research has been done before on this topic in Namibia. Against this background, officials (planners) that are directly involved in capital projects design were interviewed at the district, regional and national levels of the Ministry. The research investigation found that, in general, the planning and project processes in the Ministry are good, but a number of weaknesses were observed in the implementation process. The findings of the study showed that capacity in the Ministry, in terms of skills and technical expertise, are among the main causes of delay in the implementation of capital projects, particularly in the region and in the Ministry in general. The research found that lack of technical expertise in the Ministry and the limited capacity of those responsible for capital projects initiation and implementation, especially at the District and Regional level, have a substantial influence on most of all the weaknesses observed in the system. In this regard, specific recommendations were made regarding the prioritization of the necessary posts and building capacity at the operational level</p>

Despite theoretical and policy advancements in global human and gendered approaches to development, youth in mainstream development policy discourse remains subsumed. The ratification of global best practice models of human development in Nigeria, without contextualizing the probable dividends of youth capability strength in shaping national development realities, will present challenges that are likely to threaten the sustainable future of country. Perhaps if this is sustained, this thesis argues that the capabilities of Nigerian youths will continue to remain trapped or mismatched in areas that they fail to contribute positively to Nigeria's national development. In this regard, this thesis evaluated the extent to which youth capabilities are enhanced in the National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) for national development in Nigeria. Firstly, this thesis contributes conceptually to understanding, broadly, the social constructions of youth in mainstream policy discourse and their positioning in both global and national development practice in Nigeria. It also critically examines through literature how western epistemological interpretations of development theorizing are reproduced in youth discourse. Succinctly, the theoretical contribution of youth in development explains how development-underdevelopment dualism in mainstream development reproduces similar youth-adult dualisms in conceptualizing how youths are recognized, represented and constituted within policy discourses. Based on this, the theoretical gaps that this thesis bridges, operationalizes the Sen's capability approach (SCA) through the utilization of Narayan-Parker's empowerment framework in order to contextualize how the intersections of youth agency and structural contributions of the NYSC could aid the effective utilization of youth capabilities for national development in Nigeria. Secondly, this thesis contributes methodologically to development practice as it adapts a mixed-method approach (MMA) to researching youth lives, especially from a developing country's context. The application of a qualitative dominant mixed method approach (qual-MMA), suggests how through social constructivist ontology and through poststructuralist epistemology, the understanding of how youths socially construct their identity and the roles they play in national development becomes clearer. Thirdly, the germane and empirical contribution of this thesis especially to mainstream development theorizing is that, youth voices captured through narratives and quantitative data helped explore the experiences of Nigerian youth's transition pathways from education to the NYSC pathway. This further allowed for critical examination of how youths are: absorbed through mobilization into the NYSC; developed through the activities in the scheme; deployed and utilized in addressing national development challenges in Nigeria. This thesis suggests that dominant social constructions based on age and transition patterns, undermine the impact/effective functioning of youth capabilities for addressing national development challenges. It concludes that limited support structures during the youth educational pathways and lack of opportunity structures while youths are in the NYSC pathways continue to limit the functioning of their capabilities in sectors of national development needs. It recommends a need to rethink the current deployment strategy of the NYSC so that youth capabilities fit the national development narrative.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:01Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-05-21Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:36:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 freitasjunior_m_me_arafcl.pdf: 405016 bytes, checksum: b54c45043be9c3c5a37eace89b2110cc (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / O presente trabalho estuda as transformações sofridas pelas elites econômicas e políticas paulistas durante o processo de reforma do Estado brasileiro ocorrido no período de 1990 a 2002. Busca-se entender a transformação sofrida pelo Estado Brasileiro desde 1980 até os dias atuais, a qual resultou na substituição do modelo desenvolvimentista para o liberalgerencial, as razões de sua crise e as conseqüências em relação aos atores sociais aqui estudados. Com base em um modelo que busca a intersecção entre os conceitos de classe dominante e elites, procura entender o comportamento dos dirigentes políticos no período e quais as razões que levaram às substituições ocorridas entre estas a partir de 1990, com a ascensão de um novo grupo político. Ainda, no que tange às elites econômicas, como a crise econômica dos anos 80 alterou a composição dessas elites, sendo os empresários ligados ao setor industrial substituídos por outros alinhados aos novos setores da economia que emergiram dos processos de reforma do Estado, entre os quais os de serviços, surgidos das privatizações e o financeiro. Apresenta ainda dados empíricos que apontam para a direção das hipóteses trabalhadas, auxiliando na visualização das transformações que se deseja demonstrar. Ao final, propõe a discussão acerca do modelo nacional-desenvolvimentista e de seu futuro enquanto ideologia na sociedade atual / The present work studies the transformation occurred by the economic elite and São Paulo State politics during the process of the Brazilian state reformation occurred on 1990 to 2002. We look for to understand the transformation occurred by the Brazilian State since 1980 until now, which resulted on the substitution of the developmental model to the managementliberal model, the reasons of its crisis and the consequences toward the social actors studied here. With basis in a model that searches the meeting point between the concepts of dominant class and elites, looking for to understand the behavior of the politics chairperson on the period and what reasons took to the occurred substitution between them since 1990, with the rising of a new politic group. Still, about the economics elites, with de economics crisis in the 80’s changed the composition of these elites, so the business men connected to the industrial housing substituted for others aligned to the new economy sectors that emerged from the process of the State reformation, between them there were the services, arise from the privatization, and the financial services. Still, this study presents empirical datum which point to the directions of the worked hypothesis, helping on the visualization of the transformation that is to be demonstrated. At last, it is proposed a discussion about the nationaldevelopmental model and its future as ideology in the present society

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:27:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DanielRD_DISSERT.pdf: 1700556 bytes, checksum: 59145b9f9efba8aa774cb4c0abba412b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-09-08 / The progress of a nation is closely linked to the energy supply that it has to develop its economic capabilities. The dependence of contemporary society for energy requires the continued expansion of the use of renewable energy, and implies coordinated action of the Democratic State in the delimitation of the best ways to make full use of energy. In periods of rapid development, countries need an increment of energy supplies superior to those of periods of regular economic growth. Energy demand generated by the condition of Brazil as an emerging country reveals the need for orderly expansion of energy supply. In reverse, lack of energy planning effectively paralyzes a country and generates incalculable losses in national socioeconomic development. The Brazilian Constitution abandoned the notion of development tied to the simple increase in the gross domestic product. The respect for the environment, sovereignty, national development, and especially the constant and growing supply of energy, promotes the advancement of national economic agents, and quenches the simple accounting increase in energy supply. Constitutional principles condition the rational use of energy potentials, in ensuring adequate supply of energy for the entire national territory. The Brazilian Ministry of Mines and Energy, through its agencies, government offices and companies, establishes and formulates policies and guidelines for energy in Brazil, playing an important role in national energy planning. National development is enhanced by the good performance of the state agencies responsible for planning the energy sector / O progresso de uma na??o est? intimamente ligado ? oferta energ?tica que essa disp?e para o desenvolvimento de suas capacidades econ?micas. A depend?ncia da sociedade contempor?nea por energia obriga a expans?o cont?nua da utiliza??o das fontes energ?ticas, e pressup?e uma a??o coordenada do Estado na delimita??o democr?tica dos melhores caminhos para a plena utiliza??o da matriz energ?tica. Em per?odos de desenvolvimento acelerado, os pa?ses necessitam de um incremento da oferta energ?tica superior aos per?odos de crescimento econ?mico regular. A demanda energ?tica gerada pela condi??o brasileira de pa?s emergente revela a necessidade da expans?o ordenada da oferta energ?tica. De modo inverso, a falta de planejamento energ?tico efetivamente paralisa um pa?s e gera preju?zos incalcul?veis no desenvolvimento socioecon?mico nacional. A Constitui??o Cidad? abandonou a no??o de desenvolvimento atrelada ao simples incremento do produto interno bruto. O respeito ao meio ambiente, ? soberania, ao desenvolvimento nacional, e especialmente a oferta constante e crescente de energia, favorece o progresso dos agentes econ?micos nacionais, e debela o simples incremento cont?bil na expans?o da oferta energ?tica. A principiologia constitucional condiciona a utiliza??o racional das potencialidades energ?ticas, na garantia do adequado suprimento para todo o territ?rio nacional. ? o Minist?rio das Minas e Energia, por meio de suas reparti??es, autarquias, empresas e ag?ncias, que estabelece e formula as pol?ticas e diretrizes energ?ticas do Brasil, tendo papel de destaque no planejamento energ?tico nacional. O desenvolvimento nacional ? potencializado pela boa atua??o dos ?rg?os estatais respons?veis pelo planejamento do setor energ?tico