• Refine Query
  • Source
  • Publication year
  • to
  • Language
  • 44
  • 19
  • 9
  • 4
  • 3
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 1
  • Tagged with
  • 91
  • 31
  • 21
  • 19
  • 15
  • 13
  • 10
  • 9
  • 9
  • 9
  • 9
  • 9
  • 9
  • 8
  • 7
  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
81

Contenção química e perfil farmacocinético da dextrocetamina, isolada em associação ao midazolam em jacaré-tinga Caiman crocodilus Linnaeus (1758) (Crocodylia: Alligatoridade) / Chemical restraint and pharmacokinetic profile of dextroketamine, alone or associated with midazolam in spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus Linnaeus (1758) (crocodylia: alligatoriedade)

Hirano, Liria Queiroz Luz 27 February 2015 (has links)
Submitted by Cássia Santos (cassia.bcufg@gmail.com) on 2015-10-20T13:46:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Liria Queiroz Luz Hirano - 2015.pdf: 3409622 bytes, checksum: 058469cd4cf32b6db01eb3b924e95626 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2015-10-21T10:20:17Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Liria Queiroz Luz Hirano - 2015.pdf: 3409622 bytes, checksum: 058469cd4cf32b6db01eb3b924e95626 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-10-21T10:20:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Liria Queiroz Luz Hirano - 2015.pdf: 3409622 bytes, checksum: 058469cd4cf32b6db01eb3b924e95626 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-02-27 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sedative effects, changes in physiological parameters and pharmacokinetic profile of dextro-ketamine alone or in association with midazolam, administered intravenously (cranially or caudally) or by intracoelomic route in Caiman crocodilus. Eight young specimens of spectacled caiman were anesthetized with 10 mg/kg of dextro-ketamine injected through the occipital venous sinus (DO group) or through intracoelomic injection (DI group). In addition, the same dose of dextro-ketamine was associated with 0.5 mg/kg of midazolam and administrated via the same routes (DMI or DMO groups, respectively), or within the caudal venous sinus (DMC group). Prior to drug administration (t0) and during the period of evaluation, heart rate (HR), electrocardiogram, respiratory rate (RR), body temperature (T), righting reflex, muscular relaxation of tail, limbs and head, palpebral and corneal reflexes and response to nociceptive stimuli were evaluated. Light sedation, beginning and end of deep sedation and recovery times were registered. Moreover, 24 hours before the injection of anesthetics and 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 720, 1440 e 2880 minutes after injection, 1 mL of blood was collected to delineate the pharmacokinetic profile of dextro-ketamine isolated or associated with midazolam by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to mass spectrometry. No animal had a negative response to nociceptive stimuli; however, the effects of DMO group were satisfactory for deep sedation. Only DI group did not presented HR alteration; in the other groups there was a significant decrease of this parameter. RR remained constant in all groups and T increased significantly only in DMC group. Pharmacokinetic analysis allowed determining the values of maximum concentration, area under the curve of plasma concentration-time, time to reach the maximum plasma drug levels, half-life, constant of elimination and clearance rate, and showed different values among groups in accordance with the route and administered drugs. We concluded the protocols cannot be used in surgical procedures. However, dextro-ketamine associated with midazolam injected in occipital venous sinus can be used for anesthesia induction and intracoelomic route can be used for application of dextro-ketamine alone for chemical restraint of Caiman crocodilus. Moreover, HPLC technique was effective in quantifying plasma levels of dextro-ketamine and midazolam of the species studied. / O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos sedativos, alterações dos parâmetros fisiológicos e o perfil farmacocinético da dextrocetamina, isolada ou em associação ao midazolam, administrada pelas vias intravenosa (cranial ou caudal) ou intracelomática, em exemplares de Caiman crocodilus. Foram utilizados oito exemplares jovens de jacaré-tinga, anestesiados com 10 mg/kg de dextrocetamina, aplicada no seio venoso occipital (grupo DO) ou por via intracelomática (grupo DI). Adicionalmente, avaliou-se a mesma dose do dissociativo associado a 0,5 mg/kg de midazolam, ambos aplicados pelas mesmas vias dos grupos anteriores (grupo DMO e grupo DMI, respectivamente) ou pelo seio venoso caudal (grupo DMC). Antes da aplicação dos fármacos e durante o período de avaliação foram avaliados a frequência cardíaca (FC), traçado eletrocardiográfico, frequência respiratória (ƒ), temperatura corporal (TC), reação postural de endireitamento, relaxamento de cauda, membros e cabeça, reflexos palpebral e corneal e resposta ao estímulo nociceptivo. Avaliaram-se os estágios de sedação leve, de início e fim de sedação profunda e recuperação. Além disso, 24 horas antes da aplicação dos fármacos e nos tempos 15, 30, 60, 120, 240, 480, 720, 1440 e 2880 minutos após a injeção dos fármacos, foi colhido 1 mL de sangue para o delineamento do perfil farmacocinético da dextrocetamina isolada ou associada ao midazolam por meio da técnica de cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE) acoplada a espetometria de massas. Em nenhum animal se observou ausência de resposta ao estímulo nociceptivo, entretanto, os efeitos do grupo DMO se mostraram satisfatórios para sedação profunda. Somente no grupo DI não foi observada alteração da FC, os demais grupos apresentaram diminuição significativa desse parâmetro. A ƒ se manteve constante em todos os grupos e a TC aumentou significantemente apenas no grupo DMC. A partir da análise farmacocinética conseguiu-se determinar os valores de concentração máxima, área sob a curva da concentração plasmática vs tempo, tempo para atingir a concentração máxima, meiavida, constante e taxa de depuração, com presença de diferenças entre os grupos de acordo com a via e os fármacos administrados. Concluiu-se que os protocolos não podem ser utilizados em procedimentos cirúrgicos, entretanto, a associação de dextrocetamina e midazolam no seio venoso occipital pode ser empregada para a sedação profunda e a via intracelomática pode ser utilizada para aplicação de dextrocetamina isolada na contenção química de Caiman crocodilus. Adicionalmente, a técnica de CLAE permitiu a quantificação dos níveis plasmáticos da dextrocetamina e do midazolam na espécie estudada.
82

Die Abhängigkeit der Patientenzufriedenheit vom Ausbildungsstand der prämedizierenden Anästhesiologen. Eine prospektive Patientenbefragung im Bereich einer universitären Prämedikationsambulanz.

Reuter, Ulrike 01 November 2016 (has links)
Patientenzufriedenheit spielt eine zunehmend wichtige Rolle im Qualitätsmanagement im Gesundheitswesen. Die ärztliche Empathie gilt dabei als ein wesentliches Element, um eine hohe Patientenzufriedenheit zu generieren. Vor dem Hintergrund abnehmender ärztlicher Empathie während der Aus- und Weiterbildung wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit untersucht, inwieweit Assistenzärzte im Vergleich zu Fachärzten die Patientenzufriedenheit in einer anästhesiologischen Prämedikationsambulanz beeinflussen. In einem prospektiv-beobachtendem Studiendesign wurden die Zufriedenheit der Patienten, deren demografische und medizinische Daten, deren vorhandene Vorinformationen sowie organisatorische und logistische Faktoren mithilfe eines selbst erstellten ZUF-8 adaptierten Fragebogens erhoben und anhand des Ausbildungsstandes des prämedizierenden Arztes der Assistenz- oder Facharztgruppe zugeteilt. Dabei zeigten sich Gesamtzufriedenheitswerte auf durchgehend hohem bis sehr hohem Niveau. Feine Unterschiede zugunsten der Assistenzärzte wurden in den Items Gesprächsqualität, Allgemeinzufriedenheit und Freundlichkeit gefunden. Im Bereich der organisatorischen und logistischen Faktoren ergaben sich u.a. länger empfundene Wartezeiten bei den Assistenzärzten. Abschließend macht diese Arbeit deutlich, dass Assistenzärzte im Vergleich zu Fachärzten trotz abnehmender ärztlicher Empathie eine gleichweg hohe Patientenzufriedenheit generieren können. Eine Verbesserung der organisatorischen Abläufe könnte eine weitere Optimierung der Patientenzufriedenheit versprechen.
83

Refinement von Injektionsanästhesien bei Sprague-Dawley-Ratten: - eine Vergleichsstudie zur Eignung verschiedener Anästhetika

Hüske, Theresia Christin 11 March 2014 (has links)
Der heute noch gängige Einsatz von Injektionsanästhetika bei Laborratten basiert zum großen Teil auf empirischen Daten. Auf der Grundlage des deutschen Tierschutzgesetzes sind Wissenschaftler verpflichtet, das nach dem derzeitigen Kenntnisstand schonendste Betäubungsmittel zu verwenden. Die wissenschaftlichen Daten zur intra- und postoperativen Belastung bei vielen Anästhetika sind lückenhaft. Daher wurden in dieser Studie im Sinne des „Refinements“ von Tierversuchen verschiedene Injektionsnarkosen bei 69 männlichen und weiblichen 6-8 Wochen alten Sprague-Dawley-Ratten im Rahmen einer stereotaktischen Gehirnoperation (OP) verglichen, bei der zumeist Injektionsnarkosen Verwendung finden. Die Ratten wurden entweder mit Chloralhydrat (CH: 3,6 %, 430 mg/kg intraperitoneal [i.p.] KGW), mit der vollständig antagonisierbaren Anästhesie (Medetomidin 0,15 mg/kg Körpergewicht [KGW], Midazolam 2 mg/kg KGW, Fentanyl 0,005 mg/kg KGW intramuskulär [i.m]) ohne (VAA-Gruppe) bzw. mit Antagonisierung (sog. VAA+A-Gruppe) zum OP-Ende (Atipamezol 0,75 mg/kg, Flumazenil 0,2 mg/kg, Naloxon 0,12 mg/kg subcutan [s.c.]) anästhesiert und nach Erreichen des Stadiums der chirurgischen Toleranz (cT), gekennzeichnet durch den Ausfall des Zwischenzehenreflexes an des Hintergliedmaße (ZZR hi.), einer 60-minütigen OP unterzogen. Eine weitere Gruppe erhielt eine i.p.-Bolusinjektion Propofol in einer Dosis von 120 mg/kg KGW, die sich im Rahmen von Vorversuchen als geeignet herausgestellt hatte, um bei Ratten eine Hypnose zu bewirken. Anschließend wurde Propofol zu Erzeugung und Aufrechterhaltung einer cT per Dauerinfusion i.v. (4 - 6 mg/kg/h) verabreicht. Kontrolltiere erhielten eine Injektion mit isotoner Kochsalzlösung (i.p.) ohne OP. Die Erfassung des KGWs erfolgte 3 Tage vor bis 2 Tage nach der OP. Im Vorfeld wurde jedes Tier über 3 Tage an das Tragen eines Pulsoximeterclips am Hals gewöhnt. Dies diente der Ermittlung von Basiswerte für die Atemfrequenz (AF), Herzfrequenz (AF) und die periphere Sauerstoffsättigung (SpO2)am wachen, freibeweglichen Tier am Tag der Anästhesie mittels MouseOx®-Pulsoximeter. In Narkose wurden die Tiere mittels Pulsoximeter, Reflextests (ZZR hi., Lid- [LR] und Cornealreflex [CR]) und Rektalthermometer überwacht. Die externe Wärmezufuhr wurde über eine elektrische Wärmeplatte (37 °C) vorgenommen Zu zwei Zeitpunkten erfolgten Blutabnahmen zur Bestimmung der Adrenalin- (A) und Noradrenalinwerte (NA) mittels HPLC. Der Verlust der cT wurde anhand festgelegter Kriterien bestimmt (ZZR hi. positiv, Zuckungen, lautes Vokalisieren, Zähneknirschen) und die Tiere ggf. nachdosiert. Prä- und postoperativ wurde immunreaktives Corticosteron (iCS) mittels ELISA aus Kotproben ermittelt. Zudem wurde die prä- vs. postoperative Belastung durch Etablierung eines nummerischen Scoresystems und Videoüberwachung der Tiere bewertet. 48 h nach der OP wurden die Ratten euthanasiert und relevante Organe und Gewebe für die histopathologische und immunhistochemische Untersuchung entnommen, um mögliche Anästhetika bedingte Irritationen sowie eine stressinduzierte Aktivierung von c-Fos-Proteinen in schmerz-assoziierten Gehirnregionen zu analysieren. Eine weitere Gruppe erhielt eine Inhalationsnarkose mit 3 % Isofluran (ISO) ohne OP und diente der Ermittlung von A und NA Basiswerten. Die AF lag bei 104 ± 1,05 Atemzüge/min, die HF bei 396 ± 2,10 Herzschläge/min und die SpO2 bei 95,7 ± 0,09 % (Angaben als Mittelwerte ± Standardfehler). Die Verwendung des MouseOx®-Pulsoximeters erwies sich als geeignete Methode zur Ermittlung von Wachwerten bei freibeweglichen Ratten. Alle CH-anästhesierten Tiere erreichten das cT-Stadium. Die Dauer der cT lag bei 49,14 ± 4,48 min, die Narkosedauer bei 155,66 ± 8,21 min. Während der Narkose zeigten die Tiere Tachykardie, Tachypnoe sowie eine geringgradig erniedrigte SpO2 und eine leichte Hypothermie. Erhöhte A/NA-Spiegel wiesen auf eine deutlich höhere intraoperative Stressbelastung in der CH-Gruppe hin. Auch iCS war in der CH-Gruppe im Vergleich zu VAA/VAA+A signifikant erhöht. Vom Tag der Anästhesie/OP auf den Folgetag verloren CH-Tiere durchschnittlich 9,4 g KGW. Postoperativ waren bei den Tieren keine bis geringe Anzeichen für Schmerz und/oder Disstress zu erkennen. Histopathologisch zeigten alle Ratten eine Peritonitis und Perihepatitis, 44 % der Tiere multifokale, akute Lebernekrosen und 22 % eine Perisplenitis. 95 % der mittels VAA anästhesierten Tiere erreichten die cT mit einer Dauer von 47,83 ± 7,05 min (VAA) bzw. 44,77 ± 5,27 min (VAA+A). Bei VAA-Tieren betrug die gesamte Narkosedauer 182,23 ± 20,58 min. Bei der VAA-Anästhesie insgesamt waren signifikante geschlechtsspezifische Unterschiede in der Latenzzeit bis zum Erreichen der 1. cT, der cT-Dauer und der Narkosedauer festzustellen. Die VAA-Anästhesie führte zu einer mittelgradiger Atemdepression und milden Hypothermie bei signifikant niedrigeren A/NA-Werten im Vergleich zu CH. Eine Nachdosierung ging mit einem vorrübergehenden signifikanten Abfall der SpO2 einher. Tiere der VAA+A-Gruppe erwachten 3,05 ± 0,21 min nach der s.c. Antagonisierung aus der Narkose. Anschließend zeigten sie starke Aufregung und Unruhe und ein verändertes Aktivitätsmuster, eine Stunde später teils Piloerektion sowie Ataxien. Die Körperkerntemperatur (KT) der VAA+A-Tiere sank innerhalb 1. Stunde nach der Antagonisierung signifikant ab. Einige Tiere wiesen eine Myositis als Folge der i.m. Applikation auf. Nach PROP-Anästhesie erreichten nur 36 % der Tiere das cT. Im Narkoseverlauf kam es bei diesen Tieren zu einer starken Beeinträchtigung der Atemfunktion. PROP-Tiere wiesen einen signifikanten Abfall der KT und Anzeichen verlängerter Sedation nach Wiedererwachen sowie die höchsten iCS-Gehalte auf. Insgesamt verstarben 4 von 11 Tieren wegen starker Atemdepression intra- oder postoperativ. Interessanterweise waren die nach ISO-Anästhesie ermittelten A/NA-Konzentrationen signifikant höher gegenüber allen Injektionsanästhesie-Gruppen. Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie belegen, dass die CH-Anästhesie mit gesteigerter Stresshormonfreisetzung einherging. Die Verwendung 3,6 %iger CH-Lösungen ist insbesondere wegen der massiven histopathologischen Befunde abzulehnen, obwohl die Tiere subjektiv ein scheinbar gutes Wohlbefinden aufwiesen. Die i.p. Applikation von Propofol erzeugte nur eine oberflächliche Anästhesie. Aufgrund der starken postanästhetischen Exzitationen sollte sie nur bedingt für kurze, nicht schmerzhafte Manipulation verwendet werden. Die initiale i.p. Propofol-Gabe mit anschließender i.v.-Infusion ist der reinen i.v. Gabe unterlegen und nicht empfehlenswert. Die VAA-Anästhesie ist für Ratten für stereotaktische OPs hingegen gut geeignet. Dabei ist eine exogene Wärmezufuhr auch nach der Antagonisierung zwingend notwendig, da das Thermoregulations-vermögen nach Wiedererwachen nicht ausreichend wiedererlangt wurde. Auf eine Belastung durch die unerwünschten Wirkungen der Antagonisierung wie Aufregung und Unruhe sowie durch die postanästhetische Hypothermie konnte nur anhand subjektiver Kriterien geschlossen werden. Hier sind weitere Untersuchungen nötig. Sofern kein Anästhesienotfall besteht, kann allerdings auf die Antagonisierung verzichtet werden, da in der Nachschlafzeit unter externer Wärmezufuhr (37 - 38 °C) kein wesentliches Risiko einer lebensbedrohlichen Hypothermie bzw. Kreislauf- und Atemdepression besteht. / Injectable anesthetics are still commonly used today, but mainly this is based on empirical data. In line with the German Animal Welfare Act, researches have to choose the least stressful anesthetic. However, scientific data about pain and distress during and after anesthesia are rare. To contribute to the refinement of animal experiments, we therefore investigated the suitability of different injectable anesthetics during a stereotactic surgery, for which kind of surgery injectable anesthetics are mostly used, in 69 male and female, 6 - 8 weeks old Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats were anesthetized with either chloral hydrate (CH: 3.6 %, 430 mg/kg intraperitoneal [i.p.]), with a complete reversible anesthesia (medetomidine 0.15, midazolam 2, fentanyl 0.0005 mg/kg intramuscular [i.m]) without (MMF) and with reversal (MMF with reversal) at the end of surgery (atipamezole 0.75, flumazenile 0.2, naloxone 0.12 mg/kg subcutaneous [s.c.]) or with propofol (PROP). The PROP-group received an i.p. bolus injection of propofol (120 mg/kg), shown to generate hypnosis in proceedings, followed by constant intravenous infusion (4 - 6 mg/kg/h) to achieve and maintain surgical tolerance (st). After reaching surgical anesthesia, indicated by loss of the pedal withdrawal reflex of the hind limb, a 60 minute surgery was undertaken. Rats with saline injection and without surgery served as control. Body weight of each rat was assessed 3 days before the surgery until 2 days after surgery. Over 3 days prior anesthesia and surgery, rats were adapted to wear a collar clip for MouseOx® pulse oximeter, used to gain basal of respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR) and peripheral oxygen saturation (pO2) values in awake and freely moving rats. During narcosis, monitoring was conducted via pulse oximeter, reflex tests (pedal withdrawal reflex, corneal and palpebral reflex) and rectal thermometer. All animals were placed on an electrical heating pad (37 °C). Levels of adrenalin and noradrenalin (A/NA) were analyzed at two designated time points via HPLC. Movement of the body or the extremities, audible vocalizations and teeth grinding were classified as defined criteria for the loss of st. If animals lost st during surgery, they received an additional anesthetic dose. Immunoactive corticosteron (iCS) in feces was determined by ELISA immunoassay before and after surgery. Moreover, different signs of pain and distress were scored by using a numerical pain scale and including video recordings. Rats were sacrificed 48 h after surgery for histopathological and immunhistochemical examination to analyze potential irritation on abdominal organs and tissue as well as stress-induced activation of c-Fos-protein in brain regions associated with pain. Furthermore, 5 rats were deeply anesthetized with 3 % isoflurane (ISO) and immediately sacrificed for reference values of A and NA. The RR assessed by MouseOx® pulse oximeter was 104 ± 1.05 brpm with a HR of 396 ± 2.10 bpm and an pO2 of 95.7 ± 0.09 % (results present the mean ± standard error). The MouseOx® pulse oximeter was found in the present study to be suitable to measure accurate values for awake and freely moving rats. All rats undergoing CH anesthesia reached st. The duration of the st was 49.14 ± 4.48 min, duration of narcosis was 155.66 ± 8.21 min. During the whole narcosis animal showed tachypnoea, tachycardia as well as minimal depressed pO2-levels and a slightly hypothermia. Elevated levels of A/NA indicated a high intraoperative distress. In addition, iCS levels were significantly elevated in comparison to the MMF-group. CH-rats lost 9.4 g of bodyweight from day of surgery to the following day. Overall, post-surgical little or no signs of pain and distress were observed after awakening from anesthesia, but all CH-rats exhibited peritonitis and perihepatitis, 44 % acute multifocal liver necrosis and 22 % perisplenitis. 95 % in the MMF-group reached satisfactory surgical anesthesia with duration of 47.83 ± 7.05 min (MMF) or 44.77 ± 5.27 min (MMF with reversal). Without reversal, MMF anesthesia lasted 182.23 ± 20.58 min. Gender-differences were noted in the latency to st, duration of st as well as duration of narcosis. Rats undergoing MMF anesthesia showed moderate depression of respiratory function and mild hypothermia. The A/NA levels were lower than in the CH-rats. Rats that received additional doses of MMF to maintain st showed a transient significant decrease of pO2. Core body temperature decreased significantly during 1 h after reversal. Post-mortem examination revealed myositis in some of the MMF-rats. MMF-rats with reversal awaked from anesthesia after 3.05 ± 0.31 min. Afterwards the rats were restless and agitated. After 1 h some of the rats exhibited piloerection and ataxic movements. Only 36 % of PROP-rats reached sufficient surgical anesthesia, accompanied by a pronounced respiratory depression. PROP-rats exhibited a significant decrease of core body temperature and signs of prolonged sedation after awakening from anesthesia. 4 of 11 rats died from respiratory failure during or after surgery. Surprisingly, levels of A/NA after ISO inhalation anesthesia were significantly higher compared to the injection groups. The results of this study indicate that CH anesthesia is associated with an increased liberation of stress hormones. The use of a 3.6 % solution of CH has to be refused especially because of the pathohistological findings, despite animals showed subjectively a good well-being. Propofol administered as an i.p. bolus produced only hypnosis. Therefore, i.p. injections are marely useful for short and non-painful procedures. However, post-anesthetic excitations represent limitations. The initial i.p. propofol bolus followed by intravenous infusion is therefore less suitable than an absolute intravenous administration. Thus, i.p. injections cannot be recommended. The complete reversible combination MMF is considered as suitable for stereotactic surgeries of Sprague-Dawley rats. There is an urgent need to continue heating after awakening, because thermoregulation is insufficiently restored after reversal of MMF anesthesia. Distress through the undesirable effects of the reversal like agitation and restlessness and through hypothermia was presumed only by subjective criteria. Further investigations are needed here. If there is no emergency situation, reversal should be avoided. In case of permanent external heating (37 - 38 °C) there is no major risk of life-threatening hypothermia or depression of respiratory or cardiovascular function during sleeping time.
84

Buffered vs. Unbuffered Local Anesthesia in Mandibular Molars Diagnosed with Symptomatic Irreversible Pulpitis: A Controlled, Randomized, Double-Blind Study

Alena, Peter January 2022 (has links)
Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / Introduction: Profound pulpal anesthesia is not always adequate in mandibular teeth after the administration of local anesthesia, especially in the presence of irreversible pulpitis. Failure to achieve anesthesia has been seen in 30–80% of patients in teeth with a diagnosis of irreversible pulpitis. Onpharma™ developed an FDA-approved device that uses sodium bicarbonate to buffer a standard local anesthetic (LA) solution so that its pH may become closer to its pKa. Claims have been made that buffering a local anesthetic increases the anesthetic’s effect. Previous studies on the anesthetic efficacy of Onpharma’s Onset buffering system were inconclusive and may be dependent on the techniques used. Objectives: The aim of this study is to determine whether a buffered local anesthetic can lead to more profound and faster pulpal anesthesia in mandibular molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis as compared to a standard, unbuffered local anesthetic. Materials and Methods: 40 total subjects completed the study. Screened and eligible subjects with a mandibular molar diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis were randomly allocated into 2 groups so 1 group received a total of 3 cartridges of a standard, unbuffered 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine via inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) followed by supplemental buccal and lingual infiltrations, while the other received the equivalent yet buffered formulation. An electronic pulp tester (EPT) was used to objectively determine baseline pulpal status of the affected tooth, followed by 2-minute interval testing following the administration of all local anesthesia. The onset of pulpal anesthesia was defined by the first of 2 consecutive EPT=80 readings, and the endodontic treatment could begin. Profound pulpal anesthesia was ultimately determined if the patient reported a comfortable pulpotomy as reflected on the Wong-Baker FACES Visual Analog Scale. Null Hypothesis 1: Subjects possessing mandibular molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis will not achieve pulpal anesthesia more profoundly using buffered 2% lidocaine w/ 1:100,000 epinephrine in comparison to the standard, unbuffered anesthetic formulation. Null hypothesis 2: Subjects possessing mandibular molars diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis will not achieve pulpal anesthesia faster using buffered 2% lidocaine w/ 1:100,000 epinephrine in comparison to the standard, unbuffered anesthetic formulation. Results: We observed a local anesthetic success rate of 45% in the buffered group, 70% in the unbuffered group, and ultimately 57.5% between both groups. The findings further indicate that the VAS scores after pulpotomy is significantly different between the 2 groups (p=0.019), with the unbuffered group having a more profound mean VAS score of 1.2 (as opposed to a buffered mean of 3.1). Regarding the time of onset for pulpal anesthesia, there was no statistically significant difference noted between the buffered and unbuffered groups. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the null hypothesis 1 cannot be rejected since unbuffered 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine had a statistically significant increase in profound pulpal anesthesia compared to the buffered equivalent. The null hypothesis 2 cannot be rejected since there was no evidence of a significant difference in the time to pulpal anesthesia between the buffered and unbuffered groups.
85

Characterization of Stomatin Suppressors <i>ssu-1</i> AND <i>ssu-2</i>

Carroll, Bryan Thomas 15 July 2005 (has links)
No description available.
86

A comparison of liposomal bupivacaine and bupivacaine for pain control in untreated symptomatic vital teeth

Bultema, Kristy 14 October 2015 (has links)
No description available.
87

Vliv inhalačních a intravenózních anestetik na odolnost srdečního svalu k nedostatku kyslíku / Cardiac tolerance to oxygen deprivation: the effects of inhalational and intravenous anesthetics

Říha, Hynek January 2012 (has links)
Background: Surgical procedures are invariably accompanied by the use of inhalational and intravenous anesthetics. Both groups have strong influence on cardiovascular system by the interaction with myocardial oxygen supply/demand ratio and cardiomyocyte functions at the level of cell membranes, ion channels and regulatory enzymes. Aims: 1. To examine the effects of different isoflurane concentrations on the left ventricular (LV) dimensions and systolic function in the rat. 2. To examine the effects of isoflurane-induced myocardial preconditioning (APC) on the cardiac tolerance to ischemia- reperfusion (I-R) injury. 3. To compare the influence of anesthesia, based on ketamine- dexmedetomidine (KET-DEX), on the release of biochemical markers of myocardial injury and the early postoperative course with the anesthesia, based on sevoflurane-sufentanil (SEVO), in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: 1. We carried out transthoracic echocardiographic examination in the rats immobilized by 1.5-3% concentration of isoflurane. 2. After inducing APC by isoflurane (0.5 and 1 MAC), we evaluated ventricular arrhythmias during regional ischemia (45 min), induced by the occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, and subsequent reperfusion (60 min), using the model of...
88

Vliv inhalačních a intravenózních anestetik na odolnost srdečního svalu k nedostatku kyslíku / Cardiac tolerance to oxygen deprivation: the effects of inhalational and intravenous anesthetics

Říha, Hynek January 2012 (has links)
Background: Surgical procedures are invariably accompanied by the use of inhalational and intravenous anesthetics. Both groups have strong influence on cardiovascular system by the interaction with myocardial oxygen supply/demand ratio and cardiomyocyte functions at the level of cell membranes, ion channels and regulatory enzymes. Aims: 1. To examine the effects of different isoflurane concentrations on the left ventricular (LV) dimensions and systolic function in the rat. 2. To examine the effects of isoflurane-induced myocardial preconditioning (APC) on the cardiac tolerance to ischemia- reperfusion (I-R) injury. 3. To compare the influence of anesthesia, based on ketamine- dexmedetomidine (KET-DEX), on the release of biochemical markers of myocardial injury and the early postoperative course with the anesthesia, based on sevoflurane-sufentanil (SEVO), in the patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: 1. We carried out transthoracic echocardiographic examination in the rats immobilized by 1.5-3% concentration of isoflurane. 2. After inducing APC by isoflurane (0.5 and 1 MAC), we evaluated ventricular arrhythmias during regional ischemia (45 min), induced by the occlusion of the left anterior descending artery, and subsequent reperfusion (60 min), using the model of...
89

Local Anesthetic Efficacy of the Inferior Alveolar Nerve Block in Red-haired Females

Droll, Brock A. 15 December 2011 (has links)
No description available.
90

Grundutbildade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter på postoperativ avdelning efter fördjupad utbildning inom postoperativ vård / Nurses’ experiences of caring for patients in a post-anesthesia care unit after additional education in postoperative care

Erkstam, Benjamin, Skareby, Carina January 2024 (has links)
Introduktion En postoperativ avdelning vårdar patienter under den första, känsliga postoperativa perioden. De har oftast bemannats av specialistsjuksköterskor, på vilka det råder brist. Varken lagar eller riktlinjer kräver specialistsjuksköterskor på postoperativa avdelningar. En möjlig lösning är att bemanna med grundutbildade sjuksköterskor.  Syfte Syftet med studien var att beskriva grundutbildade sjuksköterskors upplevelser av att vårda patienter på postoperativ avdelning efter fördjupad utbildning inom postoperativ vård.  Metod  Deskriptiv kvalitativ studie med induktiv ansats. Sex semistrukturerade intervjuer som analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat Deltagarna upplevde den postoperativa patientvården som utmanande och stressande, på grund av komplexiteten i patienters tillstånd och en stundvis hög arbetsbelastning, men samtidigt hanterbar, tillfredsställande och utvecklande. Till stöd var yrkeserfarenhet, teoretiska kunskaper och rutiner. Kompetenta kollegor gav en trygghet. Ibland kände deltagare en osäkerhet kring sin egen kompetens samt en oro för patientsäkerheten. De framhöll vikten av självkännedom och att våga vara tydlig utåt med sina begränsningar. Diskussion Frågor kring kompetens är komplexa vilket kan ses av tidigare studiers mångfacetterade resultat. Bland annat är de samstämmiga med denna studies resultat i vikten av att vårdteamet i stort besitter tillräcklig kompetens, att högre utbildningsnivå ger en större självständighet och att en känsla av kontroll och tillit till sin omgivning är positivt för att en sjuksköterska ska känna arbetstillfredsställelse, medan en för hög arbetsbelastning är negativt. Slutsats Att vårda patienter på en postoperativ avdelning är utmanande men tillfredställande. Patientsäkerheten kräver förmåga att sätta gränser och närhet till specialistkompetens.

Page generated in 0.0596 seconds