Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:24:17Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Felipe Blanco Garcia Guimaraes Fleury.pdf: 1343341 bytes, checksum: 7fe6474c605c38190ffb1fa5a6253c19 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-03-10 / It is intended, through this work, investigate administrative violations and sanctions provides in Laws 8.666/93, 10.520/02, 12.462/11 e 12.846/13, applicable to bids and contracts. To achieve this purpose, first we analyze the defining elements of the legal and administrative violation and sanctions, studying its structure, contents and implementation. That done, we studied the aspects and topics related to them of the administrative violations and sanctions. At the end, set these premises, we fixed the content, scope and application of the administrative violations and sanctions provided in these laws, from the interpretation of the rules that form part of its legal system / Pretende-se, por meio deste trabalho, investigar as infrações e sanções administrativas previstas nas Leis 8.666/93, 10.520/02, 12.462/11 e 12.846/13, aplicáveis às licitações e contratos administrativos. Para tanto, primeiramente nos debruçamos sobre os elementos definidores das infrações e sanções jurídicas e administrativas, estudando a sua estrutura, o seu conteúdo e sua aplicação. E, ao assim proceder, aprofundamos o estudo dos ilícitos e penalidades administrativas, enfrentando cada um dos seus aspectos e os temas a eles correlatos. Por fim, com amparo nestas balizas, gizamos o conteúdo, alcance e aplicação das infrações e sanções administrativas em espécie, previstas nas Leis de Licitação; do Pregão; do RDC; e de Anticorrupção, a partir da interpretação das normas que integram o seu regime jurídico

Diante dos escândalos contábeis e fraudes corporativas reportadas nas últimas décadas em diversos países do mundo, incluindo o Brasil, aprovou-se, em agosto de 2013, a lei anticorrupção brasileira 12.846, com o objetivo de responsabilizar administrativa e civilmente pessoas jurídicas que pratiquem atos contra a administração pública, nacional ou estrangeira. Embora seja notório o esforço do governo federal brasileiro no combate à corrupção, a legislação carecia de orientações sobre mecanismos e procedimentos internos de integridade, auditoria e incentivo à denúncia de irregularidades, demandando o preparo de documento complementar, publicado em março de 2015, através do Decreto 8.420. O presente estudo investiga o grau de conhecimento sobre o programa de integridade da lei anticorrupção, bem como sua existência e aplicabilidade, por meio da análise da percepção dos respondentes de uma amostra de empresas nacionais e multinacionais. Avaliam-se também os efeitos do programa de integridade estabelecido na lei anticorrupção sobre os controles internos das organizações e a opinião de auditores independentes sobre o monitoramento destes controles, com o advento da nova legislação. A amostra contempla 32 empresas de capital aberto associadas à ABRASCA (Associação Brasileira de Companhias Abertas) e 25 firmas de auditoria vinculadas ao IBRACON (Instituto dos Auditores Independentes do Brasil). Para coletar as respostas, utiliza-se o método survey, operacionalizado através de um formulário comercializado pela empresa Vroman Systems Inc (Form site) e enviado eletronicamente para o grupo de empresas selecionado. Em relação aos achados, destaca-se a confirmação de que a função do compliance officer foi criada após a regulamentação da lei anticorrupção, indicando que a legislação impactou o número de funcionários das organizações. Também se constata que as empresas respondentes, associadas à ABRASCA, têm alto grau de conhecimento e aderência aos parâmetros do programa de integridade da lei anticorrupção. Além disso, as firmas de auditoria associadas ao IBRACON confirmam que o programa de integridade da lei anticorrupção afetou o modelo de trabalho das auditorias independentes no Brasil. Dentre as recomendações para aprofundamento da pesquisa, sugere-se expandir a amostra para empresas de capital fechado, independentes de associações, e buscar entender se o programa de integridade da lei anticorrupção beneficia a performance financeira das empresas estabelecidas no Brasil. / In the face of corporate accounting scandals and frauds reported in the last decades in several countries, including Brazil, the Brazilian anti-corruption law 12,846 was approved in August 2013, with the purpose of charging administratively and civilly persons who commit acts against public, national or foreign administrations. Although the efforts of the Brazilian federal government to combat corruption are notable, the legislation lacked guidance on mechanisms, internal integrity procedures, audit and incentives to whistleblowing, resulting in the preparation of a supplementary document published in March 2015, through Decree 8,420. This study investigates the extent of knowledge about the anti-corruption integrity program law, as well as its existence and applicability, through the analysis of a sample of national and multinational companies. The effects of the integrity program, established in the anti-corruption law, on internal controls of organizations and the opinion of independent auditors on the monitoring of these controls, with the advent of new legislation, are also evaluated. The final sample includes 32 public companies associated with ABRASCA (Brazilian Association of Listed Companies) and 25 audit firms linked to IBRACON (Institute of Independent Auditors of Brazil). In order to collect the answers, the survey method is used, and conducted through a form marketed by Vroman Systems Inc (Form website) and sent electronically to the selected population. Regarding the results, the analysis shows that the function of the compliance officer was created after the regulation of the anti-corruption law, and indicates that the legislation affected the number of resources at these organizations. It also notes that the surveyed companies, associated with ABRASCA, have a high degree of knowledge and adherence to the parameters of the anti-corruption integrity program law. In addition, audit firms associated with IBRACON confirm that the anti-corruption integrity program law has affected the working model of independent audits in Brazil. For further research, it is recommended that the sample be expanded to include private companies and independent associations, and that the analysis should seek to understand if the anti-corruption integrity program law benefits the financial performance of the corporations in Brazil.

Submitted by Filipe dos Santos (fsantos@pucsp.br) on 2017-07-18T12:07:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dorival de Freitas Junior.pdf: 1814504 bytes, checksum: ef2a4c34ccec7b2722f8abcd010e151e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-18T12:07:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dorival de Freitas Junior.pdf: 1814504 bytes, checksum: ef2a4c34ccec7b2722f8abcd010e151e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-20 / Corruption is a phenomenon present in the many countries reality throughout the world, not being exclusive to Brazil. The consequences of a corrupt act are harmful, especially to society, since the financial resources are diverted or do not enter the public accounts and, as a result, do not return in benefits to the population. Thus, in order to give effect to criminalization laws established in the Conventions signed and ratified by the Brazilian government, and especially after pressure from the popular movements that invaded the streets in 2013, the Act no. 12.846 / 2013 was published, also known as Anti-Corruption Act. Such Act established national or foreign legal entities as active subject of a corrupt act, if they practice acts to the detriment of the Public Administration. The Act also brings as an imputation criterion the objective way to attribute the administrative and civil liability, and shows a new sui generis kind of liability, named judicial liability, leaving out the possibility of criminal liability. However, the Anti-Corruption Act is a clearly criminal law in which practically all the illicit acts in such law and the effects of administrative and judicial conviction have the same effects already prescribed in Brazilian Environmental Crime Act, as well as the illicit acts are described as crimes in the Brazilian Penal Code and apart laws. Since it is not intended to attribute a criminal character to the legal person's liability for corrupt acts, the Act was created contaminated by several unconstitutional issues throughout its text, directly affecting implicit and explicit constitutional principles and guarantees, as well as various specific principles of the criminal law and the procedural criminal law, so that resulting in a totally unconstitutional Act that does not conform to a democratic rule of law / A corrupção é um fenômeno presente na realidade de muitos países ao longo do mundo, não sendo exclusividade do Brasil. As consequências de um ato corruptivo são nefastas, principalmente ao corpo social, tendo em vista que os recursos financeiros são desviados ou não entram nas contas públicas e, como resultado, não trazem benefícios à população. Assim, e visando dar efetividade aos mandados de criminalizações estabelecidos nas Convenções assinadas e ratificadas pelo governo brasileiro e, principalmente, após a pressão dos movimentos populares que invadiram as ruas em 2013, foi editada a Lei nº 12.846/2013, a qual ficou conhecida como Lei Anticorrupção. A mesma estabeleceu como sujeito ativo do ato corruptivo às pessoas jurídicas, nacionais ou estrangeiras, praticados em desfavor da Administração Pública. Trouxe como critério de imputação a forma objetiva para atribuir a responsabilização administrativa e civil, além de trazer uma nova espécie sui generis de responsabilização denominada de judicial, deixando de fora a possibilidade de responsabilização criminal. Ocorre que a Lei Anticorrupção é uma lei nitidamente de caráter penal, na qual praticamente todos os atos ilícitos previstos e os efeitos da condenação administrativa e judicial são os mesmos já previstos na Lei do Crime Ambiental, do mesmo modo que as condutas ilícitas descritas já se encontram definidas como crimes pelo Código Penal, bem como em outras leis extravagantes. Ao não se querer atribuir ao caráter penal a responsabilização da pessoa jurídica por atos corruptivos, criou-se uma Lei corrompida de várias inconstitucionalidades ao longo de seu texto, ferindo diretamente princípios e garantias constitucionais, implícitos e explícitos, além de diversos princípios específicos do direito penal e processual penal, resultando em uma Lei totalmente inconstitucional que não se coaduna com um estado democrático de direito

O presente trabalho busca examinar a aplicação da responsabilidade solidária entre sociedades objeto de controle e coligação, conforme previsão do §2º, do art. 4º da Lei nº 12.846/2012, conhecida como Lei Anticorrupção. Pretende-se analisar a regra de solidariedade da Lei Anticorrupção confrontando-a com a regra de responsabilidade dos grupos societários, conforme Lei n.º 6.404/1976 (Lei das S.A.) e Lei n.º 10.406/2002 (Código Civil), com o fito de buscar um critério coerente com essa realidade para imputação de responsabilidade no âmbito das sociedades grupadas. O pano de fundo desta dissertação é dado pelas expectativas da sociedade brasileira no que concerne ao combate à corrupção, especialmente em relação aos detentores do poder econômico. A pesquisa utilizou-se do método dedutivo de análise e filia-se à visão dogmática baseada no tripé doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência, procurando, contudo, escapar à limitação de um debate meramente conceitual, na medida em que busca integrar uma abordagem social, alicerçada em dados da atual realidade brasileira do processo de integração empresarial. A dissertação inicia-se com um estudo histórico sobre o surgimento e a formação dos grupos societários, partindo da sociedade isolada dos primórdios até os grandes conglomerados econômicos da atualidade, sempre com ênfase nas peculiaridades da realidade brasileira. No percurso histórico procuramos examinar questões da personalidade jurídica, da autonomia e separação patrimonial, bem como a responsabilidade das sociedades e seus sócios perante credores sociais. Ao iniciar o exame dos grupos societários, levantam-se temas como: conceito de grupo societário, poder de controle, direção unitária, autonomia patrimonial e unidade econômica, para enfim tratarmos da responsabilidade no âmbito dos grupos societários, com a apresentação dos principais modelos regulatórios: (i) modelo norte americano (entity law approach); (ii) modelo europeu (enterprise approach); e, (iii) modelo alemão (dualista approach). Antes de abordar o modelo de responsabilidade adotado pela Lei Anticorrupção, procuramos examinar o complexo fenômeno da corrupção, suas raízes histórico-culturais entre nós, sua presença indiscutível nos mais diferentes países e seus deletérios efeitos sobre a sociedade, em especial de países em desenvolvimento. Na sequência, abordamos como foi emoldurado o sistema brasileiro de defesa contra a corrupção, bem como a origem e influência da Lei Anticorrupção, bem como suas principais características, especialmente a responsabilidade objetiva, a amplitude de sua aplicação, as sanções impostas e principais críticas existentes. Finalmente confrontamos a proposta apresentada pela Lei Anticorrupção para responsabilidade entre sociedades ligadas por meio da relação de controle ou coligação e o modelo de responsabilidade da Lei das S.A. Buscamos apresentar critérios que conciliem a aplicação da responsabilidade solidária no âmbito dos grupos societários e a Lei Anticorrupção, com vistas a aprimorar a aplicação da norma, tendo sempre como \"pedra de toque\" a observação e a consideração da realidade dinâmica das sociedades grupadas e os anseios da sociedade brasileira no combate à corrupção. / This paper seeks to examine the application of joint and several liabilities between controlled and affiliated companies, according to the provision of the art. 4º, §2 of Law 12.846/2012, known as the Anti-Corruption Law. The aim is to analyze the rule of joint and several liabilities provided by the Anti-Corruption Law, confronting it with the liability rule applicable to corporate groups, according to Law no. 6.404/1976 (Corporation Law) and Law no. 10406/2002 (Civil Code), with the purpose of seeking criteria consistent with this scenario regarding affiliated companies\' liability imputation within the affiliated companies. The background of this dissertation is given by Brazilian society\'s expectations regarding the fight against corruption, especially about the economic power holders. At the researching process, it was used the deductive method of analysis and it is based on a dogmatic vision based on the tripod doctrine, legislation and jurisprudence, nevertheless, trying to avoid the limitation of a purely conceptual debate, insofar as it seeks to integrate a social approach, grounded on the data of the current Brazilian reality of the business integration process. The dissertation begins with a historical study about the emergence and formation of corporate groups, starting from the single companies of the beginnings to the great economic conglomerates of today, always with emphasis on the peculiarities of the Brazilian reality. In the course of history, we sought to examine questions of legal personality, autonomy and separation of assets, as well as the liability of companies and their partners towards social creditors. When examining corporate groups from a scientific perspective, issues such as corporate group concept, control, unitary direction, autonomy of assets and economic unit, to finally deal with the liability within the corporate groups, with the presentation of the main regulatory models: (i) American model (entity law approach); (ii) European model (enterprise approach); And, (iii) the German model (dualist approach). Before approaching the model of liability provided by the Anti-Corruption Law, we sought to examine the complex phenomenon of corruption, its historical-cultural roots among us, its indisputable presence in the most different countries and its deleterious effects on society, especially in developing countries. We will, then, discuss how Brazil\'s anti-corruption system was framed, as well as the origin and influence of the Anti-Corruption Law, as well as its main characteristics, especially objective liability, the extent of its application, the sanctions imposed and the main criticisms that exists. Finally, we will be confronting the proposal presented by the Anti-Corruption Law for liability between companies bound by a control or affiliate relationship and the model of responsibility of Brazilian Corporate Law. We seek to present criteria that reconcile the application of joint liability in the scope of corporate groups and the Anti-Corruption Law, seeking to improve the application of the norm, always having as a \"touchstone\" the observation and consideration of the dynamic reality of group societies and the yearnings of Brazilian society in the fight against corruption.

Diante dos escândalos contábeis e fraudes corporativas reportadas nas últimas décadas em diversos países do mundo, incluindo o Brasil, aprovou-se, em agosto de 2013, a lei anticorrupção brasileira 12.846, com o objetivo de responsabilizar administrativa e civilmente pessoas jurídicas que pratiquem atos contra a administração pública, nacional ou estrangeira. Embora seja notório o esforço do governo federal brasileiro no combate à corrupção, a legislação carecia de orientações sobre mecanismos e procedimentos internos de integridade, auditoria e incentivo à denúncia de irregularidades, demandando o preparo de documento complementar, publicado em março de 2015, através do Decreto 8.420. O presente estudo investiga o grau de conhecimento sobre o programa de integridade da lei anticorrupção, bem como sua existência e aplicabilidade, por meio da análise da percepção dos respondentes de uma amostra de empresas nacionais e multinacionais. Avaliam-se também os efeitos do programa de integridade estabelecido na lei anticorrupção sobre os controles internos das organizações e a opinião de auditores independentes sobre o monitoramento destes controles, com o advento da nova legislação. A amostra contempla 32 empresas de capital aberto associadas à ABRASCA (Associação Brasileira de Companhias Abertas) e 25 firmas de auditoria vinculadas ao IBRACON (Instituto dos Auditores Independentes do Brasil). Para coletar as respostas, utiliza-se o método survey, operacionalizado através de um formulário comercializado pela empresa Vroman Systems Inc (Form site) e enviado eletronicamente para o grupo de empresas selecionado. Em relação aos achados, destaca-se a confirmação de que a função do compliance officer foi criada após a regulamentação da lei anticorrupção, indicando que a legislação impactou o número de funcionários das organizações. Também se constata que as empresas respondentes, associadas à ABRASCA, têm alto grau de conhecimento e aderência aos parâmetros do programa de integridade da lei anticorrupção. Além disso, as firmas de auditoria associadas ao IBRACON confirmam que o programa de integridade da lei anticorrupção afetou o modelo de trabalho das auditorias independentes no Brasil. Dentre as recomendações para aprofundamento da pesquisa, sugere-se expandir a amostra para empresas de capital fechado, independentes de associações, e buscar entender se o programa de integridade da lei anticorrupção beneficia a performance financeira das empresas estabelecidas no Brasil. / In the face of corporate accounting scandals and frauds reported in the last decades in several countries, including Brazil, the Brazilian anti-corruption law 12,846 was approved in August 2013, with the purpose of charging administratively and civilly persons who commit acts against public, national or foreign administrations. Although the efforts of the Brazilian federal government to combat corruption are notable, the legislation lacked guidance on mechanisms, internal integrity procedures, audit and incentives to whistleblowing, resulting in the preparation of a supplementary document published in March 2015, through Decree 8,420. This study investigates the extent of knowledge about the anti-corruption integrity program law, as well as its existence and applicability, through the analysis of a sample of national and multinational companies. The effects of the integrity program, established in the anti-corruption law, on internal controls of organizations and the opinion of independent auditors on the monitoring of these controls, with the advent of new legislation, are also evaluated. The final sample includes 32 public companies associated with ABRASCA (Brazilian Association of Listed Companies) and 25 audit firms linked to IBRACON (Institute of Independent Auditors of Brazil). In order to collect the answers, the survey method is used, and conducted through a form marketed by Vroman Systems Inc (Form website) and sent electronically to the selected population. Regarding the results, the analysis shows that the function of the compliance officer was created after the regulation of the anti-corruption law, and indicates that the legislation affected the number of resources at these organizations. It also notes that the surveyed companies, associated with ABRASCA, have a high degree of knowledge and adherence to the parameters of the anti-corruption integrity program law. In addition, audit firms associated with IBRACON confirm that the anti-corruption integrity program law has affected the working model of independent audits in Brazil. For further research, it is recommended that the sample be expanded to include private companies and independent associations, and that the analysis should seek to understand if the anti-corruption integrity program law benefits the financial performance of the corporations in Brazil.

O presente trabalho busca examinar a aplicação da responsabilidade solidária entre sociedades objeto de controle e coligação, conforme previsão do §2º, do art. 4º da Lei nº 12.846/2012, conhecida como Lei Anticorrupção. Pretende-se analisar a regra de solidariedade da Lei Anticorrupção confrontando-a com a regra de responsabilidade dos grupos societários, conforme Lei n.º 6.404/1976 (Lei das S.A.) e Lei n.º 10.406/2002 (Código Civil), com o fito de buscar um critério coerente com essa realidade para imputação de responsabilidade no âmbito das sociedades grupadas. O pano de fundo desta dissertação é dado pelas expectativas da sociedade brasileira no que concerne ao combate à corrupção, especialmente em relação aos detentores do poder econômico. A pesquisa utilizou-se do método dedutivo de análise e filia-se à visão dogmática baseada no tripé doutrina, legislação e jurisprudência, procurando, contudo, escapar à limitação de um debate meramente conceitual, na medida em que busca integrar uma abordagem social, alicerçada em dados da atual realidade brasileira do processo de integração empresarial. A dissertação inicia-se com um estudo histórico sobre o surgimento e a formação dos grupos societários, partindo da sociedade isolada dos primórdios até os grandes conglomerados econômicos da atualidade, sempre com ênfase nas peculiaridades da realidade brasileira. No percurso histórico procuramos examinar questões da personalidade jurídica, da autonomia e separação patrimonial, bem como a responsabilidade das sociedades e seus sócios perante credores sociais. Ao iniciar o exame dos grupos societários, levantam-se temas como: conceito de grupo societário, poder de controle, direção unitária, autonomia patrimonial e unidade econômica, para enfim tratarmos da responsabilidade no âmbito dos grupos societários, com a apresentação dos principais modelos regulatórios: (i) modelo norte americano (entity law approach); (ii) modelo europeu (enterprise approach); e, (iii) modelo alemão (dualista approach). Antes de abordar o modelo de responsabilidade adotado pela Lei Anticorrupção, procuramos examinar o complexo fenômeno da corrupção, suas raízes histórico-culturais entre nós, sua presença indiscutível nos mais diferentes países e seus deletérios efeitos sobre a sociedade, em especial de países em desenvolvimento. Na sequência, abordamos como foi emoldurado o sistema brasileiro de defesa contra a corrupção, bem como a origem e influência da Lei Anticorrupção, bem como suas principais características, especialmente a responsabilidade objetiva, a amplitude de sua aplicação, as sanções impostas e principais críticas existentes. Finalmente confrontamos a proposta apresentada pela Lei Anticorrupção para responsabilidade entre sociedades ligadas por meio da relação de controle ou coligação e o modelo de responsabilidade da Lei das S.A. Buscamos apresentar critérios que conciliem a aplicação da responsabilidade solidária no âmbito dos grupos societários e a Lei Anticorrupção, com vistas a aprimorar a aplicação da norma, tendo sempre como \"pedra de toque\" a observação e a consideração da realidade dinâmica das sociedades grupadas e os anseios da sociedade brasileira no combate à corrupção. / This paper seeks to examine the application of joint and several liabilities between controlled and affiliated companies, according to the provision of the art. 4º, §2 of Law 12.846/2012, known as the Anti-Corruption Law. The aim is to analyze the rule of joint and several liabilities provided by the Anti-Corruption Law, confronting it with the liability rule applicable to corporate groups, according to Law no. 6.404/1976 (Corporation Law) and Law no. 10406/2002 (Civil Code), with the purpose of seeking criteria consistent with this scenario regarding affiliated companies\' liability imputation within the affiliated companies. The background of this dissertation is given by Brazilian society\'s expectations regarding the fight against corruption, especially about the economic power holders. At the researching process, it was used the deductive method of analysis and it is based on a dogmatic vision based on the tripod doctrine, legislation and jurisprudence, nevertheless, trying to avoid the limitation of a purely conceptual debate, insofar as it seeks to integrate a social approach, grounded on the data of the current Brazilian reality of the business integration process. The dissertation begins with a historical study about the emergence and formation of corporate groups, starting from the single companies of the beginnings to the great economic conglomerates of today, always with emphasis on the peculiarities of the Brazilian reality. In the course of history, we sought to examine questions of legal personality, autonomy and separation of assets, as well as the liability of companies and their partners towards social creditors. When examining corporate groups from a scientific perspective, issues such as corporate group concept, control, unitary direction, autonomy of assets and economic unit, to finally deal with the liability within the corporate groups, with the presentation of the main regulatory models: (i) American model (entity law approach); (ii) European model (enterprise approach); And, (iii) the German model (dualist approach). Before approaching the model of liability provided by the Anti-Corruption Law, we sought to examine the complex phenomenon of corruption, its historical-cultural roots among us, its indisputable presence in the most different countries and its deleterious effects on society, especially in developing countries. We will, then, discuss how Brazil\'s anti-corruption system was framed, as well as the origin and influence of the Anti-Corruption Law, as well as its main characteristics, especially objective liability, the extent of its application, the sanctions imposed and the main criticisms that exists. Finally, we will be confronting the proposal presented by the Anti-Corruption Law for liability between companies bound by a control or affiliate relationship and the model of responsibility of Brazilian Corporate Law. We seek to present criteria that reconcile the application of joint liability in the scope of corporate groups and the Anti-Corruption Law, seeking to improve the application of the norm, always having as a \"touchstone\" the observation and consideration of the dynamic reality of group societies and the yearnings of Brazilian society in the fight against corruption.

<p>As one of Europe’s largest-producing actors in the energy sector with a wide energy mix, Vattenfall has a great responsibility to contribute to sustainable development of society. To do so, economical, environmental and social aspects need to be balanced in a responsible way. This is done through acting social responsible or in other terms, addressing corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the company’s business activities. Electricity and heat constitute one of the prerequisites for a modern society. However, it has always been a highly debated industry due to its inevitable impact on the environment and society. This makes it crucial for Vattenfall and its operations to act as responsible as possible and listen to the stakeholders and take their expectations into account in the business decisions process. Vattenfall has a long history of being criticised for its activities by NGOs and media. However, Vattenfall´s main task is to deliver electricity and heat to the society, which means that Vattenfall must continue to deliver secure energy supply to its markets, but with as little negative impact on the environment and society as possible.</p><p> </p><p>Vattenfall is through its operations, its value chain, its use of technology and the markets on which it operates, exposed to risks associated with the areas human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption. These “CSR risks” can harm the reputation, brand and image if they are not managed in a proactive and effective way. In order to manage CSR risks and emerging CSR issues, the company needs to catch and respond quickly to new trends and expectations raised by opinion formers, which often are expressed through the media and the Internet. The aim of this study is to provide Vattenfall with a tool to do so. Through identifying the main CSR risks related to its operations, awareness about Vattenfall’s vulnerability areas are created. The result shows that the largest CSR risks for Vattenfall are technology related, i.e., connected to the fuels used in Vattenfall’s power plants and their value chain. This knowledge can be used when addressing CSR in the organization.</p><p>Still, a direct solution to manage CSR risks and emerging CSR issue is needed. The second purpose of this study is to propose a process for a CSR issues management at Vattenfall. The aim of such an issues management is to provide the company with a tool to identify, analyse and manage emerging issues. A CSR issues management will provide Vattenfall with a tool to respond to emerging issues before they become public knowledge. It should scan and collect external and internal information, identify relevant information for Vattenfall, monitor ongoing and emerging CSR issues/concerns/debates and report to relevant functions in the Vattenfall organization.</p>

As one of Europe’s largest-producing actors in the energy sector with a wide energy mix, Vattenfall has a great responsibility to contribute to sustainable development of society. To do so, economical, environmental and social aspects need to be balanced in a responsible way. This is done through acting social responsible or in other terms, addressing corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the company’s business activities. Electricity and heat constitute one of the prerequisites for a modern society. However, it has always been a highly debated industry due to its inevitable impact on the environment and society. This makes it crucial for Vattenfall and its operations to act as responsible as possible and listen to the stakeholders and take their expectations into account in the business decisions process. Vattenfall has a long history of being criticised for its activities by NGOs and media. However, Vattenfall´s main task is to deliver electricity and heat to the society, which means that Vattenfall must continue to deliver secure energy supply to its markets, but with as little negative impact on the environment and society as possible.   Vattenfall is through its operations, its value chain, its use of technology and the markets on which it operates, exposed to risks associated with the areas human rights, labour, environment and anti-corruption. These “CSR risks” can harm the reputation, brand and image if they are not managed in a proactive and effective way. In order to manage CSR risks and emerging CSR issues, the company needs to catch and respond quickly to new trends and expectations raised by opinion formers, which often are expressed through the media and the Internet. The aim of this study is to provide Vattenfall with a tool to do so. Through identifying the main CSR risks related to its operations, awareness about Vattenfall’s vulnerability areas are created. The result shows that the largest CSR risks for Vattenfall are technology related, i.e., connected to the fuels used in Vattenfall’s power plants and their value chain. This knowledge can be used when addressing CSR in the organization. Still, a direct solution to manage CSR risks and emerging CSR issue is needed. The second purpose of this study is to propose a process for a CSR issues management at Vattenfall. The aim of such an issues management is to provide the company with a tool to identify, analyse and manage emerging issues. A CSR issues management will provide Vattenfall with a tool to respond to emerging issues before they become public knowledge. It should scan and collect external and internal information, identify relevant information for Vattenfall, monitor ongoing and emerging CSR issues/concerns/debates and report to relevant functions in the Vattenfall organization.

This thesis is dedicated to government anti-corruption struggle in the period from 1999 to present. The key objective is to evaluate which of the measures specified in the government policies were fulfilled and if they have a real impact on reducing the scope for corruption. The theoretical part explains the concept of corruption and the basis of the various typologies of this concept. Following the demarcation of motives for corrupt behavior and the costs associated with this behavior, then I allude to various ways of measuring corruption used in the Czech environment. Next chapter focuses on the definition of corruption from the perspective of criminal law whereas links to crimes with signs of corruption. In the practical part are incorporated findings from previous chapters to evaluate the government's anti-corruption policies within a specified period. The conclusion analyzes the nuanced measures which government has overlooked and also assesses the priorities of particular parts of Anti-Corruption Barometer, which are not sufficiently applied in the Czech Republic.

Magister Legum - LLM / The culture of corruption is rooted deeply in Kenya. It may be described as an incurable infectious disease.1 Kenya has been ranked as one of the most corrupt countries in the world. For the last three years, Kenya has scored less than 27 percent in the Corruption Perceptions Index published by Transparency International. Corruption persists mainly because those in public office benefit from it and the existing institutions lack both the will and capacity to stop it. It persists despite the legislation, institutions and measures that have been put in place to fight it.3 The Ethics and Anti-Corruption Commission is the main institution mandated to combat corruption in Kenya. The primary anti-corruption laws are the Public Officer Ethics Act No 4 of 2003, the Leadership and Integrity Act No 18 of 2014, the Public Officer Ethics (Management, Verification and Access to Financial Declaration) Regulations of 2011 and the Kenyan Constitution of 2010. One of the key anti-corruption measures is the system of wealth declarations by public officials established by the Public Officer Ethics Act (POEA). The POEA did not have an easy passage into law. When it was introduced in 2002, Kenya was governed by the Kenya African National Union (KANU), led by President Moi. The regime was characterised by autocratic rule, high levels of politically sanctioned corruption, rapid economic decline and massive accumulation of wealth for the politically connected.4 Unsurprisingly, President Moi did not assent to the enactment of the POEA. The National Rainbow Coalition (NARC) came into power in 2003 and re-commenced the process to pass the POEA into law. This was done with a view to curbing corruption and bolstering donor confidence.5 Regrettably, the NARC administration quickly replicated the corrupt practices of its predecessor, despite being elected on a platform of zero tolerance towards corruption. The new administration, which had promised war on corruption, instead was embracing corruption and denying citizens constitutional reforms.