The current study examined the relationship between psychopathic personality traits and various forms of deception. Through the use of the Elemental Psychopathy Assessment to measure psychopathy, and several different assessment tools to measure deception, including the Multidimensional Deception Inventory (MDI), the relationship between psychopathic personality traits and deception was examined. Using an undergraduate sample of 261 participants at a large research university in the Southeastern United States, the relationship between the aforementioned constructs was explored. Results indicated that the overarching personality traits of Antagonism and Disinhibition were positively related to multiple dimensions of lying behavior. Frequency of lies told, Duping Delight (lies told for enjoyment), and lies told for personal gain/impression management and to avoid disclosing pertinent information were positively related to both Antagonism and Disinhibition. Results point to the need for future study in this area, as limited previous research has looked at the overlap between psychopathic personality traits and deception.

As parent researcher and in light of perceived failings of studies found in the literature this research explores the experiences of parents who have a baby described as having a learning difficulty by employing an alternative broad methodology underpinned by ‘critical hermeneutic phenomenology’. The subsequent ethical trials of adopting such an approach are scrutinised as this bears important relevance to the overall finding that parents’ perspectives are rarely taken into account by those who have little or no experience themselves. Empirical data is generated via recorded and transcribed conversational interviews with four parent participants where the content subsequently informs the critical subject matter discussed throughout the work. The hermeneutic endeavour utilises Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) as a guiding channel and although participants’ informed consent for the interpreted construction of experience was gained beforehand, significant limitations with this specific process are highlighted. As such, the methods of work in progress are presented in detail with additional reflexive commentary in the extended appendices to facilitate reader understanding of the development of interpretation as well as to promote confidence in the integrity and ability of the researcher and satisfaction regarding the overall quality of the composition. The findings reveal that parental experience as ‘phenomenon’ can be contemplated as an emotional passage of a ‘self’ that is embroiled in ‘abnormal’ circumstance made most complex via impinging myriad forms of societal organisation. From the data generated, the latter is recognised as being subject to historical legacy at micro as well as macro levels, over time and according to cultural belief. In support of this finding, the socio-historic concept is explored more fully in a dedicated chapter. Further empirical evidence suggests that parents strive to achieve their perceived understandings of normality as brought to consciousness through the associations they make with others and their social environment. Parental activities specifically reveal individual pressures arising as a result of inter-sectional social systems where perceived work and gender roles (for example) also expose anti-social moralistic behaviours. Encouraging further work which promotes a ‘perspectives approach’ to advance the understanding of parents and their experiences, the thesis concludes with realistic expectations for progression towards an improved societal moral condition.

Title: Has youth participation in organized extracurricular activities and future expectation relevance for antisocial behavior?   Zetterberg, E. (2015). Has youth participation in organized extracurricular activities and future expectation relevance for antisocial behavior? Bachelor thesis in Public Health science. Department of work- and public health science. The academy of health and working life. University of Gävle, Sweden. Adolescent drug use is a threat to public health. Therefore it is important to identify how different factors interact in order to develop successful preventive interventions against youth drug use. The purpose of this study is to investigate the association of participation in organized extracurricular activity, future expectation and drug use. Method: The study is cross-section designed and based on the data material from the last survey, Life and Health Young in 2013 in Uppsala County. The study included 1648 high school students residing in the municipalities of Uppsala, Enköping and Älvkarleby (response rate of 60 %). The data were analyzed by bivariate and multivariate methods. Results: The results indicate that there is an association between participation in organized sports-related extracurricular activity, future expectation and drug use. Young people who have a positive expectation about their future have used less drugs (16%) compared with adolescents who have a negative future expectation (27%). Positive future expectation was also strongly associated with participation in organized sports-related extracurricular activity (both p< 0.001). Conclusions: Being involved in organized extracurricular activity appears to be a determinant of a positive future expectation as well as a positive future expectation seems to be a determining factor for decreased drug use among adolescents. / Ungdomars narkotikaanvändning är ett hot mot folkhälsan. Därför är det viktigt att kartlägga hur olika faktorer samvarierar för att kunna utveckla framgångsrika preventiva insatser mot ungdomars narkotikaanvändning. Syftet med den här studien är att undersöka associationen mellan deltagande i organiserad fritidsaktivitet, framtidstro och narkotikaanvändning. Metod: Studien är av tvärsnittsdesign och bygger på datamaterial från den senaste enkätundersökningen Liv och Hälsa Ung 2013 i Uppsala län. I studien ingick 1648 gymnasieungdomar bosatta i kommunerna Uppsala, Enköping och Älvkarleby (svarsfrekvens på 60 procent). Datamaterialet har analyserats med bivariata och multivariata metoder. Resultat: Resultatet indikerar att det finns en association mellan deltagande i organiserad idrottsrelaterad fritidsaktivitet, framtidstro och narkotikaanvändning. Ungdomar som har en positiv framtidstro har i mindre utsträckning använt narkotika (16%) jämfört med ungdomar som har en negativ framtidstro (27%). Positiv framtidstro var även starkt associerat med deltagande i organiserad idrottsrelaterad fritidsaktivitet (båda p<0.001). Slutsats: Att delta i organiserad fritidsaktivitet tycks vara en bestämningsfaktor för positiv framtidstro liksom att positiv framtidstro tycks vara en bestämningsfaktor för minskad narkotikaanvändning bland ungdomar.

Many recent experimental studies have shown that some subjects destroy other subjects' incomes without receiving any material benefit, and that they even incur costs to do so. In this paper, we study the boundary conditions of this phenomenon, which is referred to as anti-social behavior. We introduce a four-player destruction game, in which we vary the framing and the presence of another activity, running in parallel to the destruction game. We observe a substantial amount of destruction in the baseline condition without the parallel activity, and with a framing in the spirit of previous destruction experiments. Our results indicate that a parallel activity as well as a framing emphasizing joint ownership of the item that can be destroyed reduces destruction almost to zero. We therefore argue that the emergence of anti-social behavior is highly contingent on the contextual environment. / Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series

Critics of anti-social behaviour policy (ASB) introduced by New Labour Government since 1997 argue that it is overly punitive, and criminalises what is often sub-criminal or nuisance behaviour. Further criticism is that policy implementation through formal channels has led to the public increasingly relying on formal agencies in the governance of ASB, and becoming less willing to play an active role. The catalyst for my research was two Community Safety Teams aim to reverse this trend. I have developed an innovative approach in the form of a booklet (Let s Talk) based on the under-researched Imagined Intergroup Contact model associated with the Intergroup Contact Theory which underpins Intergenerational Practice. My thesis centres on the piloting of the booklet in two regions in England, and the proposition that Intergenerational approaches can be a useful way of understanding and addressing tensions associated with perceived anti-social behaviour by young people . Drawing broadly on a social constructionist paradigm (Burr, 1995), and using an inductive case study approach, both quantitative and qualitative data were collected via various research tools. The sample included local residents, representatives of community organisations and the Community Safety Teams (CST). Data were coded and analysed using NVivo and SPSS. Theoretical data analysis was underpinned by the Integrated Threat Theory and the Social Cognitive Theory. Compared with other theories associated with Intergenerational Practice, the Integrated Threat Theory gave a more comprehensive explanation for intergenerational tensions. SCT gave new insights into the concept of agency in relation to the governance of ASB. My research identified anti-social behaviour that the CSTs felt did not warrant formal intervention, and the booklet received enthusiastic support from all parties consulted as an alternative, community-based approach. Reasons for a few individuals not wanting to adopt the booklet approach were identified; these included personal factors and social dynamics. My findings provided important knowledge for the future development and use of the booklet. This thesis makes a significant contribution to knowledge. Firstly, it extends the theoretical explanation of intergenerational tensions, and adds insights into the concept of governance and the theoretical underpinnings of Intergenerational Practice. Secondly, it advances implications for practice in relation to fully exploring social dynamics other than intergenerational issues, taking account of potential multigenerational factors, and being aware that preparatory activities to strengthen selfefficacy may be required.

his thesis argues that anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs) are the imperfect expression of a new type of community-based liability which seeks to regulate an individual’s behaviour in the context of his relationship with a particular community. The combination of civil and criminal elements in ASBOs stems from a political will to address responsibility for behaviour which is harmful to a community. Despite the central conceptual role played by the community relationship in ASBOs, legal provisions have failed to define the nature of that relationship, relying on judicial discretion to shape the orders’ application in practice. Judicial interpretation of ASBO legislation confirms the alternative nature of the orders, and the importance of the concept of community in creating a different type of liability. From a theoretical perspective, communitarian principles provide a basis for explaining how the individual/community relationship can justify and shape liability. The figure of a responsible individual constituted by his social interactions forms the premise of this type of liability, and the concept of community in this context is established as a fluid rather than rigid notion, defined as a social group connected by a range of specific interests. A model of community-based liability can be constructed from these principles: interference with a community’s interests can justify the imposition of liability, provided the individual’s behaviour represents a wilful engagement with that particular community. This model of liability provides a useful framework through which to re-examine ASBOs. While the case law broadly adopts the defining elements mentioned above, the use of ASBOs shows examples of misapplications of the principles of a community-based model of liability. Nevertheless, this framework also shows how ASBOs can be seen as a flexible and potentially integrative approach to regulating different types of individual/community relationships, despite the missed opportunities sometimes created by their practical application.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T19:35:30Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 11 / Nenhuma / Este estudo buscou analisar e compreender as características dos relacionamentos entre pais e filhos no cenário do divórcio, na perspectiva de adolescentes com indicadores de tendência anti-social, definida de acordo com o vértice psicanalítico de Winnicott (1956/2000). Para este autor, crianças e adolescentes podem apresentar desajustes em seu comportamento, quando passaram por algum tipo de ruptura na continuidade dos cuidados exercidos pelo ambiente, ocasionando o que ele chamou de estado de deprivação. Com uma abordagem qualitativa, através de estudos de casos múltiplos, buscou-se identificar indícios de deprivação nestes adolescentes. O enquadre teórico tomado como referência também se baseou nas contribuições dos estudiosos da família, que vêm pesquisando as repercussões da separação dos pais sobre os filhos e nos estudos sobre o divórcio. Os participantes do estudo foram três adolescentes, de 12, 13 e 15 anos de idade; a primeira do sexo feminino e os outros dois do sexo masculino. O acesso aos casos f / This study sought to analyze and understand the characteristics of the relationships between parents and children in the context of divorce, from the perspective of adolescents with indicators of antisocial tendency, as defined by Winnicott’s psychoanalytical theory (1956 / 2000). For Winnicott, children and adolescents who undergo some kind of disruption in the continuity of parental care may display behavioral maladjustments, which cause what he called a state of deprivation. With a qualitative approach, through the study of multiple cases, signs and symptoms of deprivation were sought in these adolescents. The theoretical fundamentals used as reference were also based on studies on divorce and on contributions from family experts and scientists, who have researched the impacts of parental separation on children. The subjects were one female aged 12, and two males aged 13 and 15. The access to these cases was made possible through a private school attended by middle-income students, located in the metropoli

Submitted by Setor de Tratamento da Informa??o - BC/PUCRS (tede2@pucrs.br) on 2015-06-12T12:25:50Z No. of bitstreams: 1 470411 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 64280 bytes, checksum: 98d2e8edb77abf43228ce5b34764dd94 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-06-12T12:25:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 470411 - Texto Parcial.pdf: 64280 bytes, checksum: 98d2e8edb77abf43228ce5b34764dd94 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-31 / The antisocial personality disorder is a malformation of personality, which affects several areas of the individual's life, characterized by a pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, failure to conform to social norms. Therefore, by the ASPD own characteristics, such individuals may end up getting involved in crimes and misdemeanors, entering in the penal system. On the other hand, to the Criminal Law, those persons are considered with diminished guilt, because they present a disturbance of mental health, under the only paragraph of Article 26 of the Criminal Code. And, today, are applied to these individuals the imprisonment with mandatory reduction or security measure. So, the present study, on the premise that personality disorder is a matter to be treated in medical-psychiatric health, seeks to examine whether the application of security measure was efective in the selected cases and in what measure there was this clinical improvement, and its impact on family and social environment. However, the bibliographic and empirical findings lead to the conclusion that, at present, there is no effective treatment for these individuals to justify their stay in custody hospitals of treatment, in accordance with art. 98 of the Penal Code. Thus, from this study, we propose the discussion to seek new criminal and treatment alternatives for patients of personality disorder. / O Transtorno de personalidade antissocial ? uma m? forma??o da personalidade, que afeta diversas ?reas da vida do indiv?duo, caracterizando-se por um padr?o de desrespeito e viola??o de direitos de outros e pela n?o conformidade com normas. Portanto, considerando as pr?prias caracter?sticas do TPAS, tais indiv?duos podem acabar-se envolvendo com crimes e contraven??es e adentrando no sistema penal. Para o Direito Penal, essas pessoas s?o consideradas com culpabilidade diminu?da, por apresentarem uma perturba??o da sa?de mental, nos termos do par?grafo ?nico do artigo 26, do C?digo Penal. E, atualmente, s?o aplicadas a tais indiv?duos pena de pris?o com redu??o obrigat?ria ou medida de seguran?a. Ent?o, o presente estudo, partindo da premissa de que o transtorno de personalidade ? uma quest?o a ser tratada em ?mbito m?dico-psiqui?trico, buscou examinar se a aplica??o da medida de seguran?a foi eficaz para os casos selecionados, em que medida houve melhora do quadro cl?nico e qual foi sua repercuss?o no meio familiar e social. No entanto, os achados bibliogr?ficos e emp?ricos conduzem ? conclus?o de que, no momento, n?o h? tratamento eficaz para esses indiv?duos capaz de justificar sua interna??o em hospitais de cust?dia e tratamento, nos termos do art. 98 do C?digo Penal. Destarte, a partir deste estudo, prop?e-se discutir novas alternativas de puni??o e de tratamento para os portadores do transtorno de personalidade.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:21:33Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 410376.pdf: 780957 bytes, checksum: 69b7659befbac85f98640bbd88cc0063 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-01-12 / A viol?ncia crescente no Brasil, e no mundo, ? o principal incentivador deste trabalho. A observa??o do ciclo de viol?ncia entre agressores suscitou indaga??es no pesquisador. Existe um crescente interesse te?rico e aplicado no constructo de psicopatia. Este interesse em parte ? devido ?s pesquisas com adultos que t?m demonstrado uma forte rela??o entre psicopatia e crimes repetitivos e graves. O comportamento violento representa pobre progn?stico de tratamento e a falta de evid?ncias de interven??es eficazes na carreira criminosa de psicopatas adultos evidencia a import?ncia da identifica??o precoce no desenvolvimento de tais tra?os. Pesquisas com jovens podem conduzir para o desenvolvimento de estrat?gias de interven??es precoces concebidas para modificar a trajet?ria grave e persistente do comportamento anti-social que ? associado com a psicopatia. Ao propor a avalia??o diagn?stica de adolescentes em situa??o de conflito com a lei atrav?s de um instrumento internacionalmente reconhecido e utilizado, propomos a revis?o de conceitos relacionados ? vis?o hist?rica e atual do constructo psicopatia. A utiliza??o de um instrumento confi?vel e validado para o contexto nacional representa um avan?o na detec??o precoce e interven??o condizente com a realidade do adolescente. Al?m de uma ampla revis?o bibliogr?fica, ser? apresentada uma etapa de adapta??o para o Portugu?s (Brasil) do Invent?rio de Psicopatia de Hare: Vers?o Jovens (PCL: YV), mais especificamente a etapa de Fidedignidade e Consist?ncia Interna.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-14T13:21:37Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 419112.pdf: 1182764 bytes, checksum: 5cf0a7e14106c552fed5ef81cd4eb62c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-11-27 / A Psicopatia ? considerada um transtorno de etiologia multifatorial, que apresenta tanto caracter?sticas de personalidade quanto rea??es comportamentais, agressivas ou n?o, evidentes nas rela??es interpessoais. A atual freq??ncia e intensidade de manifesta??es anti-sociais envolvendo jovens t?m levado ao crescente interesse nas pesquisas com o construto da Psicopatia dirigido a crian?as e adolescentes e na valida??o de novos instrumentos de avalia??o. Esta disserta??o de mestrado, quantitativa, transversal, descritiva e correlacional, envolveu as propriedades psicom?tricas do Invent?rio de Psicopatia de Hare: vers?o jovens (Hare Psychopathy Checklist:Youth Version, [PCL:YV]) e da Medida Interpessoal de Psicopatia (Interpersonal Measure of Psychopathy, [IM-P]) para fins de adapta??o e valida??o ? realidade brasileira. Na se??o I, encontra-se a revis?o te?rica a respeito da classifica??o e implica??es diagn?sticas relacionadas ? personalidade e a Psicopatia durante a inf?ncia e a adolesc?ncia. A classifica??o das manifesta??es desviantes precoces, a evolu??o da pesquisa com Psicopatia em crian?as e adolescentes, bem como suas perspectivas atuais e futuras s?o abordadas, sem a inten??o de esgotar o tema. Na se??o II, apresenta-se o estudo emp?rico realizado com 83 adolescentes masculinos em conflito com a lei, com idade m?dia de 16,3 anos, predominantemente caucasianos e com baixa escolaridade. Todos os participantes cumpriam medida s?cio-educativa em regime de priva??o de liberdade, na Funda??o de Assist?ncia S?cio-Educativa (FASE) da cidade de Novo Hamburgo/RS, no per?odo da coleta. Os resultados serviram de base para a descri??o das caracter?sticas s?cio-demogr?ficas e para o estudo dos aspectos afetivos, interpessoais e n?o verbais associados ? Psicopatia em adolescentes em conflito com a lei, a partir da IM-P e do PCL:YV. Inicialmente, o desenvolvimento da vers?o original da IM-P, o processo de tradu??o e adapta??o para o Portugu?s (Brasil) da medida, bem como os procedimentos e treinamentos para a aplica??o dos instrumentos s?o descritos. Em seguida, a pesquisa de campo ? relatada, na qual a IM-P foi pontuada durante a entrevista de avalia??o do PCL:YV, realizada por um entrevistador e um observador, juntamente com o preenchimento do question?rio de dados s?cio-demogr?ficos/uso de subst?ncias e dos itens de Respostas Emocionais Subjetivas. As propriedades psicom?tricas de consist?ncia interna (0,80; p<0,001;N=83) e confiabilidade inter-avaliadores (0,84;p<0,001;N=20) para a IM-P apresentaram resultados substanciais. A correla??o entre a presen?a de tra?os de Psicopatia, medida pelo PCL:YV e a presen?a de d?ficits nas intera??es interpessoais e afetivas mensuradas pela IM-P, mostrou-se positiva e significante (r=0,49; p<0,001; N=83). A continuidade da pesquisa sobre o construto no contexto brasileiro, com a utiliza??o destes instrumentos, ? recomendada antes que os resultados obtidos nesta amostra possam ser generalizados.