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Design hasičského zásahového vozidla / Design of fire fighting and rescue vehicleMetlický, Martin January 2014 (has links)
The topic of this master’s thesis is design of fire fighting and rescue vehicle, more specifically wildland fire apparatus primarily intended for difficult terrain. The main aim of this design is to create functional object fulfilling ergonomic, technical, and aesthetic demands.
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Unsupervised learning procedure for nonintrusive appliance load monitoring / Procédure d'apprentissage non supervisé pour l'analyse non intrusive de la consommation des appareils électriquesJossen, Quentin 08 November 2013 (has links)
There is a continuously growing amount of appliances and energy dependent services in households. To date, efforts have mostly focused on energy efficiency, however behavior changes are required for a more sustainable energy consumption. People therefore need to understand their consumption habits to be able to adapt them. Appliance-specific feedback is probably the most efficient way to impact behaviors, since people need to ‘see’ where their electricity goes. Smart meters, currently being extensively rolled out in Europe and in the U.S. are good potential candidates to provide end-users with<p>energy advice. The required functionalities must however be rapidly defined if they are expected to be integrated in the future massive roll out.<p><p>Nonintrusive appliance load monitoring aims to derive appliance-specific information from the aggregate electricity consumption. While techniques have been developed since the 80’s, those mainly address the identification of previously learned appliances, from a database. Building such a database is an intrusive and tedious process which should be avoided. Whereas most recent efforts have focused on unsupervised techniques to disambiguate energy consumption into individual appliances, they usually rely on prior information about measured appliances such as the number of appliances, the number of states in each appliance as well as the power they consume in each state. This information should ideally be learned from the data. This topic will be addressed in the present research.<p><p>This work will present a framework for unsupervised learning for nonintrusive appliance<p>load monitoring. It aims to discover information about appliances of a household solely from its aggregate consumption data, with neither prior information nor user intervention. The learning process can be segmented into five tasks: the detection of on/off switching, the extraction of individual load signatures, the identification of<p>recurrent signatures, the discovery of two-state electrical devices and, finally, the elaboration<p>of appliance models. The first four steps will be addressed in this paper.<p><p>The suite of algorithms proposed in this work allows to discover the set of two-states electrical loads from their aggregated consumption. This, along with the evaluation<p>of their operating sequences, is a prerequisite to learn appliance models from the data. Results show that loads consuming power down to some dozens of watts can be learned from the data. This should encourage future researchers to consider such an unsupervised learning. / Doctorat en Sciences de l'ingénieur / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Étude rétrospective céphalométrique comparant les changements dento-alvéolaires à la suite d’un traitement avec Twin Block, Carrière® Motion 3D™ Appliance et XbowEl-Khoury, Roland 04 1900 (has links)
Introduction : Le but de cette étude rétrospective est de comparer les changements squelettiques et dento-alvéolaires causés par trois appareils myofonctionnels, soit le Twin Block (TB), le Xbow (Xb) et le Carrière® Motion 3D™ Appliance (CMA), durant la première phase de traitement pour corriger une classe II.
Méthodes : Les radiographies céphalométriques latérales prétraitement (T0) et post-traitement myofonctionnel (T1) de 43 adolescents traités par un TB (15), un Xb (7) ou un CMA (21) ont été récupérées et tracées; 12 mesures squelettiques et 10 mesures dentaires ont été analysées. Les différences (T1-T0) ont ensuite été comparées entre les appareils en utilisant l’analyse ANOVA, le test-t indépendant ou le test U de Mann-Whitney.
Résultats : Le traitement était, en moyenne, d’une durée de 10,1 ± 3,2 mois avec le TB et de 7,4 ± 2,7 mois avec le CMA. Le groupe TB a connu de plus grands changements au niveau de la longueur et de la position sagittale de la mandibule en augmentant Cd-Pg (3,4 mm), Pg-Go (1,3 mm), N-B (//FH) (1,3 mm) et S-N-B (1,2°) plus que le CMA. Le TB a amélioré le Wits de 2,2 mm plus que le CMA. Le TB a également démontré une plus grande rétroclinaison des incisives supérieures en diminuant U1–FH (4,2°) plus que le CMA. Le CMA a restreint le mouvement antéro-postérieur de la première molaire supérieure tandis que le TB n’a pas eu d’effet significatif sur cette variable. Le seul changement cliniquement significatif résultant du CMA était en lien avec la proclinaison des incisives inférieures, L1–MP (4,1°). Les résultats associés au groupe Xb ont été exclus en raison de la petite taille de l’échantillon.
Conclusion : La correction de la classe II est obtenue à l’aide d’une combinaison d’effets squelettiques et dento-alvéolaires avec le TB, mais principalement grâce à des effets dento-alvéolaires avec le CMA. Une taille d’échantillon plus grande est nécessaire afin de mieux comparer les effets du Xb. / Introduction: The objective of this retrospective study is to compare the skeletal and dento-alveolar changes caused by three functional appliances, the Twin Block (TB), the Xbow (Xb), and the Carrière® Motion 3D™ Appliance (CMA), during the first phase of treatment for class II correction.
Methods: The pre-treatment (T0) and post-functional treatment (T1) lateral cephalometric radiographs of 43 adolescent patients treated with a TB (15), an Xb (7) or a CMA (21) were recovered and traced, and 12 skeletal and 10 dental measurements were analyzed. The differences (T1-T0) between the appliances will be compared using the ANOVA analysis, independent samples t-tests, or Mann-Whitney U-tests.
Results: On average, the treatments lasted 10.1 ± 3.2 months with the TB and 7.4 ± 2.7 months with the CMA. The TB group experienced greater mandibular length and sagittal position changes by increasing Cd-Pg (3.4 mm), Pg-Go (1.3 mm), N-B (//FH) (1.3 mm), and S-N-B (1.2°) more than the CMA. The TB improved the Wits appraisal 2.2 mm more than the CMA. The TB also had a superior retroclining effect on the maxillary incisor inclination and position by reducing U1–FH (4.2°) more than the CMA. The CMA restrained the antero-posterior movement of the maxillary first molar while the TB had no significant effect on this variable. The only clinically significant change that the CMA displayed was in relation to mandibular incisor proclination, L1–MP (4.1°). The results related to the Xb group were excluded due to its very small sample size.
Conclusion: Class II correction is achieved by a combination of skeletal and dento-alveolar changes with the TB, but primarily through dento-alveolar effects with the CMA. A bigger sample size is required in order to properly compare the effects of the Xb.
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A Mechatronic Jar Opener : A Design Study of a Motorized Home Appliance for Improved Accessibility / En mekatronisk burköppnare : En designstudie av en motoriserad hushållsapparat för förbättrad tillgänglighetPaulson Ramel, Charlotte, Mobrin, Sofia January 2023 (has links)
Mechatronics is a rapidly growing field that combines elements of mechanical, electrical, and software engineering to design and develop intelligent systems. One area where mechatronics still has the potential to have a significant impact is personal appliances and aids for people with disabilities, which this report aims to explore. This bachelor thesis focuses on the design and development of a mechatronic lid opener. The main objective of this project is to explore the feasibility of creating a functional prototype that can automatically open jar lids with minimal user intervention. A secondary objective is to explore the market potential for such a product. In order to achieve the main objective, a prototype was designed, constructed, and tested. Further, a brief supplementing market analysis was conducted. The result showed that the construction was durable enough to withstand the pressure it put on the jar, and the function of the planetary gearing works as intended. Although, from the tests, it is concluded that the prototype’s functionality is not developed enough to reach the goal. This is derived from the limitations of construction on the gripping arms and lack of inertia leading to premature rotation. The result also showed that the market for automated or motorized home appliances is small, with identified target groups generally having low purchasing power. Low effort is recognized to achieve what this project aimed to do, which is why future studies from this project are of high interest. / Mekatronik är ett snabbt växande område som kombinerar element av mekanik, elektronik och mjukvaruteknik för att designa och utveckla intelligenta system. Ett område där mekatronik fortfarande har potential att ha en betydande inverkan är personliga applikationer och hjälpmedel förpersoner med funktionsvariation, som denna rapport syftar till att utforska. Denna kandidatuppsats fokuserar på design och utveckling av en mekatronisk burköppnare. Huvudsyftet med detta projekt är att utforska möjligheten att skapa en funktionell prototyp som automatiskt kan öppna burklock med minimalt krav på inverkar från användaren. Ett sekundärt mål är att utforska marknadspotentialen för en sådan produkt. För att uppnå detta huvudsyfte designades, konstruerades och testades en prototyp. Vidare genomfördes en kort kompletterande marknadsanalys. Resultatet visade att konstruktionen var tillräckligt tålig för att klara trycket den satte på burken och planetväxelns funktion fungerar som planerat. Däremot dras slutsaten utifrån testerna att prototypens funktionalitet inte är tillräckligt utvecklad för att nå målet. Detta härrör från begränsningarna av konstruktionen av griparmarna och bristen på tröghet som leder till för tidig rotation. Resultatet visade också att marknaden för automatiserade eller motoriserade hushållsapparater är liten, där identifierade målgrupper generellt har låg köpkraft. Liten ansträngning anses nödvändigt för att uppnå vad detta projekt syftade till, varför framtida studier från detta projekt är av stort intresse.
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Effet d’une orthèse d’avancement mandibulaire neutre combinée à un masque facial et nasal dans le traitement de l’apnée obstructive du sommeil par CPAPMontpetit, Andrée 06 1900 (has links)
Le traitement de première ligne de l’apnée obstructive du sommeil est l’appareil à pression positive, soit le CPAP, qui est le plus souvent utilisé avec un masque nasal. Certains patients, incapables de tolérer le masque nasal, doivent se tourner vers le masque facial, qui peut parfois requérir une pression supérieure à celle utilisée avec le masque nasal pour éliminer tous les événements respiratoires. Nous supposons que l’ajustement serré du masque facial, dans le but de réduire les fuites, entraîne une pression de recul sur la mandibule; ceci diminuerait le calibre des voies aériennes supérieures, nécessitant donc une pression effective thérapeutique supérieure pour rétablir un passage de l’air. Nos objectifs étaient : 1) de démontrer s’il y avait une différence de pression effective entre le masque nasal et le masque facial, 2) de quantifier la fuite entre les deux masques, 3) d’évaluer l’effet d’une orthèse de rétention mandibulaire neutre (OMN), qui empêche le recul mandibulaire, sur la pression effective des deux masques et 4) d’évaluer s’il existait un lien entre la céphalométrie et les réponses variables des individus. Méthodologie : Lors de cette étude expérimentale croisée, huit sujets (2 femmes, 6 hommes) avec une moyenne d’âge de 56,3ans [33ans-65ans] ont reçu un examen orthodontique complet incluant une radiographie céphalométrique latérale. Ils ont ensuite passé deux nuits de polysomnographie au laboratoire du sommeil en protocole « split-night » où les deux masques ont été portés, seuls, la première nuit, et avec l’OMN, la deuxième nuit. Résultats : Nous avons trouvé que la pression effective thérapeutique était supérieure avec le masque facial comparativement au masque nasal de manière statistiquement significative. Nous avons observé une fuite supérieure avec le masque nasal, ce qui permet de dire que la fuite n’explique probablement pas cette différence de pression entre les deux masques. L’OMN n’a pas donné d’effet statistiquement significatif lorsque combinée au masque nasal, mais il aurait probablement été possible de trouver un effet positif avec le masque facial si le Bi-PAP avait été inclus dans le protocole de recherche. Conclusion : Nos résultats ne permettent pas de confirmer le rôle du recul mandibulaire, causé par la force exercée avec le masque facial, dans l’obtention de pressions supérieures avec ce masque, mais nous ne pouvons toutefois pas éliminer l’hypothèse. Les résultats suggèrent également que ce phénomène est peut-être plus fréquent qu’on ne le croit et qu’il pourrait y avoir un lien avec certains facteurs anatomiques individuels. / The first line of treatment for obstructive sleep apnea is continuous positive airway pressure or CPAP used via a nasal mask. Some patients, unable to tolerate the nasal mask, have to turn to the facial mask, which sometimes requires a superior level of pressure to eliminate all the respiratory events. We believe that the force applied on the chin from a tight adjustment of the facial mask may retrude the mandible and diminish the upper airway caliber. Our objectives for this study were to: 1) demonstrate that a difference of effective therapeutic pressure between the nasal and facial masks does exist, 2) quantify the leaks associated with each mask, 3) evaluate the effect of a neutral mandibular appliance (NMA), that prevents the retrusion of the mandible, on the effective pressure of both masks and 4) evaluate if a link between the cephalometric values and varied individual responses to both masks exists. Methods: Eight subjects (2 females, 6 males) mean age 56.3 years (33-65y) participated in the cross-over design pilot study. All subjects underwent a complete orthodontic examination including lateral cephalometric radiograph before spending two nights in a sleep laboratory for a polysomnography in split-night protocol, where both mask were worn alone on the first night and with the NMA on the second night. Results: We found that the therapeutic effective pressure was higher with the facial mask compared to the nasal mask, and this difference was statistically significant. The leak was more elevated with the nasal mask, thus eliminating this factor as a probable cause of the higher pressure with the facial mask. The NMA did not have any statistically significant effect on both masks; however a possible positive effect might be seen if the Bi-level PAP was included in the protocol. Conclusion: Our results cannot confirm the role of the retrusion of the mandible, caused by the force applied by the facial mask, in the necessity of a superior level of pressure with that mask, but we cannot eliminate that possibility either. Our results suggest that this phenomenon is more frequent that we may think and that a link with some anatomical factors may exist.
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從PC時代到IA時代-日本半導體廠商之技術知識特質與知識管理作為之研究 / From PC era to IA era - How Characteristics of Technological Knowledge impacts on Knowledge Management: A Case Study on Japanese Semiconductor Industry謝慶龍, Hsieh, Ching-Lung Unknown Date (has links)
本研究針對日本半導體產業,探索其在PC時代與IA時代不同的技術知識特質下之組織型態及知識管理作為,以瞭解其間的關聯性。本研究以個案訪談法為主要進行方式,訪談了日本某半導體廠商之四個設計或開發部門。
本研究歸納分析研究發現如下:
【研究發現一】技術知識變動程度會影響組織成員複雜度
【研究發現二】技術知識外顯程度,會影響組織成員複雜度
【研究發現三】技術知識標準化程度與組織成員複雜度似無明顯關聯性
【研究發現四】當技術知識路徑相依度變動,會影響組織成員複雜度
【研究發現五】技術知識複雜度越高,組織成員的複雜度越高
【研究發現六】技術知識變動程度會影響組織之技術知識吸收
【研究發現七】技術知識外顯程度會影響組織之技術知識吸收
【研究發現八】技術知識路徑相依度會影響組織之技術知識吸收
【研究發現九】技術知識路徑相依度會影響知識創造團隊種類
【研究發現十】技術知識標準化程度會影響技術知識創造
【研究發現十一】技術知識系統複雜度會影響知識吸收來源
【研究發現十二】組織規模與知識吸收具相關性
【研究發現十三】組織規模與知識擴散能力具相關性
【研究發現十四】衡量IC之系統複雜度應依據產品零件數、製程步驟、公司整合技術層次高低、技術知識領域與產品開發耗費工時等因素
【研究發現十五】技術知識外顯程度不應歸類在「產業變項」
研究結果發現,技術知識特質會影響日本半導體廠商組織架構及日本半導體廠商知識管理作為,而日本半導體在PC時代與IA時代也呈現不同之技術知識特質。
因此,本研究建議具有不同技術知識特質的組織,應設計符合該組織的組織架構與知識管理作為。
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Effet d’une orthèse d’avancement mandibulaire neutre combinée à un masque facial et nasal dans le traitement de l’apnée obstructive du sommeil par CPAPMontpetit, Andrée 06 1900 (has links)
Le traitement de première ligne de l’apnée obstructive du sommeil est l’appareil à pression positive, soit le CPAP, qui est le plus souvent utilisé avec un masque nasal. Certains patients, incapables de tolérer le masque nasal, doivent se tourner vers le masque facial, qui peut parfois requérir une pression supérieure à celle utilisée avec le masque nasal pour éliminer tous les événements respiratoires. Nous supposons que l’ajustement serré du masque facial, dans le but de réduire les fuites, entraîne une pression de recul sur la mandibule; ceci diminuerait le calibre des voies aériennes supérieures, nécessitant donc une pression effective thérapeutique supérieure pour rétablir un passage de l’air. Nos objectifs étaient : 1) de démontrer s’il y avait une différence de pression effective entre le masque nasal et le masque facial, 2) de quantifier la fuite entre les deux masques, 3) d’évaluer l’effet d’une orthèse de rétention mandibulaire neutre (OMN), qui empêche le recul mandibulaire, sur la pression effective des deux masques et 4) d’évaluer s’il existait un lien entre la céphalométrie et les réponses variables des individus. Méthodologie : Lors de cette étude expérimentale croisée, huit sujets (2 femmes, 6 hommes) avec une moyenne d’âge de 56,3ans [33ans-65ans] ont reçu un examen orthodontique complet incluant une radiographie céphalométrique latérale. Ils ont ensuite passé deux nuits de polysomnographie au laboratoire du sommeil en protocole « split-night » où les deux masques ont été portés, seuls, la première nuit, et avec l’OMN, la deuxième nuit. Résultats : Nous avons trouvé que la pression effective thérapeutique était supérieure avec le masque facial comparativement au masque nasal de manière statistiquement significative. Nous avons observé une fuite supérieure avec le masque nasal, ce qui permet de dire que la fuite n’explique probablement pas cette différence de pression entre les deux masques. L’OMN n’a pas donné d’effet statistiquement significatif lorsque combinée au masque nasal, mais il aurait probablement été possible de trouver un effet positif avec le masque facial si le Bi-PAP avait été inclus dans le protocole de recherche. Conclusion : Nos résultats ne permettent pas de confirmer le rôle du recul mandibulaire, causé par la force exercée avec le masque facial, dans l’obtention de pressions supérieures avec ce masque, mais nous ne pouvons toutefois pas éliminer l’hypothèse. Les résultats suggèrent également que ce phénomène est peut-être plus fréquent qu’on ne le croit et qu’il pourrait y avoir un lien avec certains facteurs anatomiques individuels. / The first line of treatment for obstructive sleep apnea is continuous positive airway pressure or CPAP used via a nasal mask. Some patients, unable to tolerate the nasal mask, have to turn to the facial mask, which sometimes requires a superior level of pressure to eliminate all the respiratory events. We believe that the force applied on the chin from a tight adjustment of the facial mask may retrude the mandible and diminish the upper airway caliber. Our objectives for this study were to: 1) demonstrate that a difference of effective therapeutic pressure between the nasal and facial masks does exist, 2) quantify the leaks associated with each mask, 3) evaluate the effect of a neutral mandibular appliance (NMA), that prevents the retrusion of the mandible, on the effective pressure of both masks and 4) evaluate if a link between the cephalometric values and varied individual responses to both masks exists. Methods: Eight subjects (2 females, 6 males) mean age 56.3 years (33-65y) participated in the cross-over design pilot study. All subjects underwent a complete orthodontic examination including lateral cephalometric radiograph before spending two nights in a sleep laboratory for a polysomnography in split-night protocol, where both mask were worn alone on the first night and with the NMA on the second night. Results: We found that the therapeutic effective pressure was higher with the facial mask compared to the nasal mask, and this difference was statistically significant. The leak was more elevated with the nasal mask, thus eliminating this factor as a probable cause of the higher pressure with the facial mask. The NMA did not have any statistically significant effect on both masks; however a possible positive effect might be seen if the Bi-level PAP was included in the protocol. Conclusion: Our results cannot confirm the role of the retrusion of the mandible, caused by the force applied by the facial mask, in the necessity of a superior level of pressure with that mask, but we cannot eliminate that possibility either. Our results suggest that this phenomenon is more frequent that we may think and that a link with some anatomical factors may exist.
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Preservando a privacidade de Smart Grids através de adição de ruído. / Preserving the privacy of Smart Grids through addition of noise.BARBOSA, Pedro Yóssis Silva. 06 August 2018 (has links)
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Previous issue date: 2014-02-27 / Capes / Companhias de energia começaram a substituir os medidores de energia tradicionais pelos Smart Meters, que podem transmitir valores de consumo para as companhias em curtos intervalos de tempo. Com uma insfraestrutura de Smart Meters, existem muitas motivações para as concessionárias de energia coletarem dados de consumo em alta resolução. Entretanto, isto implica em informações bastante detalhadas sobre os consumidores sendo monitoradas. Consequentemente, um problema sério precisa ser resolvido: como preservar a privacidade dos consumidores sem afetar a prestação de certos serviços pelas concessionárias? Claramente, este é um tradeoff entre privacidade e utilidade. Existem diversas abordagens para preservar a privacidade, porém muitas delas afetam a utilidade dos dados ou possuem um alto custo computacional. Neste trabalho, nós propomos e avaliamos uma abordagem computacionalmente barata que preserva a privacidade e utilidade dos dados através de adição de ruído. Para validar a privacidade, nós avaliamos possíveis ataques (tal como Monitoramento Não-Intrusivo de Carga de Eletrodomésticos - NIALM, do inglês Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring) utilizando dados reais de consumidores. Para validar a utilidade, nós avaliamos a influência da abordagem em vários benefícios que podem ser providos com o uso de Smart Meters. / Power providers have started replacing traditional electricity meters for Smart Meters, which can transmit power consumption levels to the provider within short intervals. With a Smart Metering infrastructure, there are many motivations for power providers to collect highresolution data of electricity usage from consumers. However, this implies in very detailed information about the consumers being monitored. Consequently, a serious issue needs to be addressed: how to preserve the privacy of consumers but making the provision of certain services still possible? Clearly, this is a tradeoff between privacy and utility. There are several approaches for privacy preserving, but many of them affect the data usefulness or are computationally expensive. In this work, we propose and evaluate a lightweight approach for privacy and utility based on the addition of noise. To validate the privacy, we evaluate possible attacks (such as a NIALM - Non-Intrusive Appliance Load Monitoring) using real consumers' data. To validate the utility, we analyze the influence of the approach in various benefits that can be provided through the use of Smart Meters.
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Techniques avancées de classification pour l'identification et la prédiction non intrusive de l'état des charges dans le bâtiment / Classifcation techniques for non-intrusive load monitoring and prediction of residential loadsBasu, Kaustav 14 November 2014 (has links)
Nous abordons dans ces travaux l’identification non intrusive des charges des bâtiments résidentiels ainsi que la prédiction de leur état futur. L'originalité de ces travaux réside dans la méthode utilisée pour obtenir les résultats voulus, à savoir l'analyse statistique des données(algorithmes de classification). Celle-ci se base sur des hypothèses réalistes et restrictives sans pour autant avoir de limitation sur les modèles comportementaux des charges (variations de charges ou modèles) ni besoin de la connaissance des changements d'état des charges. Ainsi, nous sommes en mesure d’identifier et/ou de prédire l'état des charges consommatrices d'énergie (et potentiellement contrôlables) en se basant uniquement sur une phase d'entrainement réduite et des mesures de puissance active agrégée sur un pas de mesure de dix minutes, préservant donc la vie privée des habitants.Dans cette communication, après avoir décrit la méthodologie développée pour classifier les charges et leurs états, ainsi que les connaissances métier fournies aux algorithmes, nous comparons les résultats d’identification pour cinq algorithmes tirés de l'état de l'art et les utilisons comme support d'application à la prédiction. Les algorithmes utilisés se différencient par leur capacité à traiter des problèmes plus ou moins complexe (notamment la prise en compte de relations entre les charges) et se ne révèlent pas tous appropriés à tout type de charge dans le bâtiment résidentiel / Smart metering is one of the fundamental units of a smart grid, as many further applicationsdepend on the availability of fine-grained information of energy consumption and production.Demand response techniques can be substantially improved by processing smart meter data to extractrelevant knowledge of appliances within a residence. The thesis aims at finding generic solutions for thenon-intrusive load monitoring and future usage prediction of residential loads at a low sampling rate.Load monitoring refers to the dis-aggregation of individual loads from the total consumption at thesmart meter. Future usage prediction of appliances are important from the energy management point ofview. In this work, state of the art multi-label temporal classification techniques are implemented usingnovel set of features. Moreover, multi-label classifiers are able to take inter-appliance correlation intoaccount. The methods are validated using a dataset of residential loads in 100 houses monitored over aduration of 1-year.
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Proposta de um transmissor de dados portátil e de baixo custo para o processo eleitoral BrasileiroLima, João Henrique de 30 August 2013 (has links)
A utilização da tecnologia da informação no processo de automatização do trabalho já está instituída. As soluções que automatizam os processos fabris e que suportam a prestação de serviços aumentam a produtividade e tornaram-se imprescindíveis como ativo a ser bem explorado pelas organizações que desejam possuir os diferenciais competitivos essenciais para sobreviver num mercado concorrido. No âmbito do poder público, o processo de automatização também caminha rapidamente e novas ferramentas que agilizam e reduzem os custos da prestação de serviços aos cidadãos são implementadas. O processo eleitoral brasileiro acompanhou a onda da informatização e está totalmente automatizado desde 1998. Todavia, a informatização de eleições é um processo crítico devido aos diversos requisitos relacionados com a segurança do processo. O cenário de um processo eleitoral é composto por um conjunto de interesses, geralmente conflitantes, que devem ser harmonizados em eleições justas e limpas. A informatização traz vantagens relacionadas com a maior agilidade no processo de apuração e divulgação do resultado da eleição, maior economia, maior flexibilidade, possibilidade de correção de erros cometidos no momento da votação, inclusão de pessoas com deficiências, entre outros. Conciliar as dificuldades de implementar os requisitos exigidos em um sistema eleitoral, especificamente aqueles conflitantes e que asseguram a legitimidade das eleições (privacidade do eleitor e a garantia da integridade), para tirar proveito das vantagens que a informatização proporciona, tem sido objeto de pesquisas no meio acadêmico. Neste trabalho é apresentado um projeto para a construção de um protótipo de um dispositivo embarcado que visa aumentar a economicidade do processo eleitoral. O dispositivo destina-se a aperfeiçoar a fase de envio dos arquivos contendo os votos eletrônicos, apurados nas urnas eletrônicas brasileiras, para totalização e obtenção do resultado do pleito. Para melhorar a segurança, o equipamento faz uso de técnicas de criptografia para assegurar que o canal utilizado para transmissão dos resultados é seguro. A maior economia para o processo eleitoral é garantida com um dispositivo portátil, leve, de baixo consumo energético e robusto. Equipamentos menores e portáteis podem reduzir os custos com o processo de aquisição, preparação e envio para os locais de onde os votos eletrônicos serão transmitidos afim de serem totalizados nos sistemas centralizados da Justiça Eleitoral. / The use of information technology to promote the automation of work processes is widely spread. Systems to automate the manufacturing processes and to support services delivery help to improve the productivity and have become an indispensable asset to be exploited by organizations wishing to have the competitive advantages essential to survive in a crowded marketplace. In the context of public sector, the automation process also moves quickly and new tools that streamline and reduce the costs of providing services to citizens are being implemented. The Brazilian electoral process followed the wave of informatization and is fully automated since 1998. However, the informatization of elections is a critical process due to various requirements related to the electoral process security. The scenario of an electoral process is composed of a set of interests, often conflicting, which should be harmonized by fair and clean elections. Computerization has advantages related to greater agility in the process of calculation and disclosure of the outcome of the elections, greater economy, greater flexibility, possibility of correcting errors made at the time of voting, inclusion of people with disabilities, among others. Reconcile the difficulties of implementing the requirements in an electoral system, specifically those conflicting, which shall ensure the legitimacy of the elections (voter privacy and guarantee of the integrity), to take advantage of the benefits that computerization provides, has been subject of academic research. This work presents a project to build a prototype of an embedded device that aims to increase economicity of the Brazilian electoral process. The device is intended to improve the activity of sending files containing the electronic votes, acquired in the Brazilian electronic ballot boxes, for counting and obtaining the result of the election. To improve security, the prototype makes use of encryption techniques to ensure that the channel used for transmission of results is secure. The economy for the electoral process will be guaranteed with a portable, lightweight, low energy consumption and robust device. Portable and smaller equipments can reduce the costs with the acquisition process, preparing and sending to the places where the electronic votes will be transmitted in order to be aggregated in centralized systems. / 5000
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