Before entering into a democratic dispensation, South African military and defence systems were constituted by seven disparate armed forces. The transformation of South Africa from a separatist state introduced renewed efforts and challenges to integrate what was once a divided military corps and society. In 1994, the formation of the South African National Defence Force (SANDF) was born out of the effort to integrate various statutory and non-statutory armed forces in South Africa, including forces from former TBVC states. Through a phenomenological inquiry, integration experiences of former TBVC Armed Force members into the new SANDF structure are investigated. The study aimed to find out from the former TBVC force members how they were affected by the integration process and what their perception with regards to the effectiveness of the integration process on enhancing representation on all rank levels in the new SANDF was. The findings from in-depth semi-structured interviews with 16 such members indicate that transformation of South Africa’s military outfit into an integrated system is not exactly an epitome of a new and different yet cohesive and unified structure. The notion of ‘integration’ is as such cast as essentially a problematic one where inequalities still reflect in how former statutory and non-statutory force members are treated particularly with regards to promotion opportunities. In addition, there are perceived lingering vestiges of a previous separatist system such as the use of Afrikaans language as a medium of instruction and communication, previous SADF policies which helps produce the idea of integration as more a process of absorption instead. Despite this problematisation of integration processes in shaping how the new SANDF outfit is currently experienced by members, there are perceived benefits from the change brought about by ‘integration’ of forces. Some benefits are as tangible as individual career advancement, while others tend to reflect impacts at systemic level of family where members indirectly profit from the reorganisation and call for adjustment to new settings and structures that followed integration / Research / M.A. (Research Consultation)

The Swedish Armed Forces’ Flying School has been training future pilots for a long time. For almost 60 years, the SK 60 aircraft (SAAB 105) has been used to train fixed-wing pilots. The Flying School has a flight simulator of type BITD (Basic Instrument Training Device), named FlightBook, as a tool to help students practise their flying and to learn through experience. Experiential learning is used in various kinds of education, one of which is flying training. David A. Kolb has developed a learning cycle that explains the process of experiential learning. The learning cycle starts with concrete experience followed by reflective observation, abstract conceptualization and active experimentation. This study analyses FlightBook using Kolb’s learning cycle to see if it is appropriate for use in flying training. The results of this study show that FlightBook is an effective tool for practising some elements of flying training. FlightBook is necessary for emergency training because of the high risk and it being impossible to conduct some of the training during actual flying. For landing an aircraft, FlightBook is not as suitable as it is for emergency training but is still an effective tool for the initial steps, prior to the final stage. For the final stage, when the aircraft is getting close to the runway, FlightBook does not have the credibility that flying instructors and students wish it had. In real flying, pilots use feel and balance to get things right before landing, which is not possible with FlightBook. Experience gained when practising with FlightBook is essential for future pilots so that the training can continue to be as effective as possible. Otherwise the training may be even more delayed and that will cause problems for the Swedish Armed Forces. / Försvarsmaktens flygskola har under en lång tid utbildat blivande piloter. I nästan 60 år har skolflygplanet SK 60 (SAAB 105) använts för utbildning av transport- och stridspiloter. Flygskolan har en flygsimulator av typen BITD (Basic Instrument Training Device - Grundläggande instrumentträningsstation), vid namn FlightBook, som hjälpmedel i flygutbildningen. I FlightBook lär sig flygeleverna genom erfarenhetsbaserat lärande. Erfarenhetsbaserat lärande används i flera utbildningar. Flygutbildningen är en av dem. David A. Kolb har skapat en modell som förklarar processen som sker under erfarenhetsbaserat lärande med hjälp av en lärcykel. Lärcykeln inleds med att konkreta erfarenheter samlas in och följs därefter av reflekterande observationer, abstrakta konceptualiseringar och aktivt experimenterande. Arbetet analyserar FlightBook med Kolbs lärcykel och resultatet visar att FlightBook är ett bra hjälpmedel för att öva vissa moment i flygträning. Vid övning av nödträning är FlightBook väsentlig, framförallt för flygsäkerheten, eftersom de flesta momenten inte är lämpliga att öva i verkligheten. Vid övning av landning är FlightBook inte lika lämplig som vid nödträning eftersom de sista momenten under landning skiljer sig från verkligheten. Trovärdigheten som lärare och elever önskar under de sista momenten saknas. I verkligheten använder sig piloterna av känsla och balans för att komma rätt inför landning vilket inte är möjligt i övning med FlightBook. Momenten inför landning är dock lämpliga att öva. Erfarenheterna som erhålls när eleverna övar i FlightBook är nödvändiga för att flygutbildningen ska fortsätta vara så effektiv som möjligt. Förseningar i flygutbildningen kan genom fortsatt effektivisering förhindras och därmed undvika problem för Försvarsmakten.

Abstract In the year 2019 the vehicle workshops services returned to the Swedish Armed Forces. For six years they had been an integrated part of the Swedish Defence Materiel Administration and the business was set up in a corporate fashion. When returning to the Swedish Armed Forces the workshops will continue to use that corporate business model, and at the same time adjust to military setting and logic. Among other things, the workshops will be organized into military units, under the same conditions as all other parts of the Armed Forces. The purpose of this thesis is to examine and understand the meaning and consequences of the corporate and the military logic coexisting within the Vehicle Workshop Services units. A typology made specifically for this reason is used to depict the different configurations that occur when those two logic structures coexist. The study draws the conclusions that the dualistic relationship between the corporate and the military logic ends up in compromises that makes the goal and purpose of the organisation vague and the personnel involved experience a difference between how it is supposed to be functioning and how it actually does. Furthermore, the study states that the conditions for developing the Vehicle Workshop Services units into a strong and resilient organisation from a HR and symbolic perspective is less favourable. The Swedish Armed Forces need to address this actively to create a common understanding of the factors that are in play by all personnel involved in the matter. The study gives five hands on suggestions to mitigate those problems. Finally, some suggestions are given how to re-use the typology that was created for the study in other contexts.

No description available.

Crime is rife in South Africa. Explanations abound for the high crime statistics, including the weakening of the family unit, the political history of South Africa, urbanisation and the fast growing urban neighbourhood, a weak criminal justice system and the abundant availability of firearms. In the quest to prevent crime, the private security industry has become a key performer in helping to deter and prevent crime and criminal activities. Yet there are no set criteria for selecting security officers against the backdrop of the high crime rates and a growing private security sector. Therefore the purpose was to develop a competency model for the selection of security officers for the safekeeping and protection of persons and property in the Thaba Tshwane area. I chose to do qualitative research using an interpretive approach in an attempt to understand the views of the participants concerning the work context and requirements of security officers. A grounded theory approach to the strategy of inquiry was employed as it was best suited to keeping the information that was gathered grounded in the participants’ own opinions. The focus of this research was on designing a competency model for security officers for selection purposes. Data were gathered through disciplinary records and open-ended structured interviews where the repertory grid and the behavioural event interview were applied.Eight subject matter experts, who included security officers, managers and a client working in the security industry, were used. The result of the study was a competency model of nine competencies and their definitions, which were grounded in the data and critical in functioning as an efficient security officer. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)

M. Tech. Business Administration / The aim of this research is to investigate the effectiveness of South African National Defence Force retention of skilled employees scheme. It looks at the service conditions, pay and benefits. It also looks at working conditions, training, development and career management of soldiers.

Studiens syfte var att få kunskap om hur en statlig militär myndighet arbetar för att vara en attraktiv arbetsgivare, internt som externt. För att kunna utvärdera det arbete som görs av organisationen undersöktes rekryters uppfattning av organisationens arbetsgivarvarumärke och arbete med employer branding. Frågeställningarna som används för att uppnå syftet var följande: Hur kan en statlig myndighet arbeta för att vara en attraktiv arbetsgivare? Hur arbetar organisationen med employer branding internt och externt för att stärka arbetsgivarvarumärket? Hur uppfattas organisationens arbete med att vara en attraktiv arbetsgivare av medarbetare? Metoden som användes var en kvalitativ analys som bestod av semistrukturerade intervjuer. I studien deltog fyra individer med ledarpositioner, som ansvar för olika delar av organisationens employer branding, internt och externt. Samt fem rekryter som vid tillfället genomförde Grundläggande Militär Utbildning (GMU). Resultatet analyserades med hjälp av teori och tidigare forskning om arbetsgivarvarumärke, employer branding och generation Y. Resultatet visar att organisationen arbetar med arbetsgivarvarumärket genom bland annat reklam, besök på skolor/evenemang och medverkan i sociala medier. Internt anordnas bland annat tävlingar och andra aktiviteter med vilket stärkte trivseln på arbetsplatsen. / The study's purpose was to examine how a state military authority could work towards being an attractive employer, internally and externally. In order to evaluate the work done by the organization, new recruits were interviewed to examine their perception of the organization's work with employer branding. The questions used to fulfill the purpose were: How does a government agency work towards being an attractive employer? How does the organization work with employer branding, internally and externally, to strengthen the employer brand? How do recruits perceive the organization’s work with employer branding? The method used was a qualitative analysis, consisting of semi-structured interviews. The study involved four individuals with leadership positions, who had responsibility for different parts of the organizations employer branding, and five recruits who were participating in the Swedish basic military training program (GMU). The results were analyzed by using theory and previous research on employer brand, employer branding and generation Y. The results show that the organization works with employer branding by advertising, visiting schools, participating in events and in social media. Internally the organization works with employer branding by, among other things, organizing competitions and other activities for employees, which seemed to boost their job satisfaction.

No description available.

Anglo-Free State relations between the wars still awaits a comprehensive study ... This is in par a reflection of the larger failure of British historians to work on Anglo-Irish history '" the Right has been ill at ease dealing with Britan's greatest failure, whilst the Left has found tropical climes more suited for the cultivation of its moral superiority. When R.F.Holland made this apposite comment, just over a decade ago, he may have been adding to the very problems he identified. Writing within the context of the 'Commonweath Alliance', he was joining a distinguished list of British and Irish historians who have sought to fiter inter-war Anglo-Free State relations through the mesh of Empire-Commonweath development. Beginning with A. Berredale Keith in the 1920s, this usage continued in either direct or indirect form (by way of particular institutions of Commonweath) from the 1930s to the 1970s through the works of W.K. Hancock, Nicholas Mansergh and D.W. Harkness, and was still finding favour with Brendan Sexton's study of the Irish Governor-Generalship system in the late 1980s.2 But herein a contradiction has developed: cumulative study of the unnatural origins and performance of the Free State as a Dominion has moved beyond questions of function to ask whether the Free State was in fact ever a Dominion at alL. 3 As such, there seems ever more need to step back from inter-Commonwealth study and refocus on the precise nature of the Free State's central relationship with Britan in this period. It is of course acknowledged that outwith the established zones of internal Irish and Empire-Imperial study there is no home or forum for one of the most enduring quandares of modern Europea history. Even if it is accepted that 'pure' Anglo-Irish history did not end in 1922, the weight of research based on the ten yeas prior, as against the ten yeas subsequent, suggests an easy acceptance, on both sides of the Irish Sea, and Atlantic, of the absolute value changes in that relationship. Studies covering the transition to independence, such as those of Joseph M. CUITan and Sheila Lawlot, have taen only tentative steps beyond 1922, and may indeed have epitomised an approach that subsequent Irish studies have done little to dispel; in the 1980s, major overviews by RF. Foster and J.J. Le have been notably reluctant to evaluate the quality of that new found freedom with continuing reference to Ireland's giant neighbour. Though Foster, and others, have noted that the main aim of the Free State in the 1920s was 'self-definition against Britan', the point is the extent to which Britan was wiling to allow the same. There has then been little impetus for direct Anglo-Free State inter-war study, and although the tide has begun to turn since the mid-1980's, notably through the achievements of Paul Canning, Deidre McMahon and, shortly before his death, Nicholas Mansergh6, it is probable that we are stil a long way short of being able to produce a comprehensive and coherent review of the period. Apar from the crucial Anglo/Irish-Anglo/Commonwealth dichotomy,there remains the political chasm dividing the Cosgrave years of the 1920s from those of de Valera's 1930s; indeed the overwhelming preoccupation with post-1931 confrontations has often, as in the case of McMahon's fine study, taen as its contrasting staing point the supposedly compliant 'pro-Treaty' years of 1922-31. It is hard to bridge this gulf when the little direct work on these earlier years, mostly concentrating on the two fundamenta issues of Boundar and financial settlement, has tended not to question this divide. Although Irish historians have turned an increasingly sympathetic eye on the internal politics and problems of these early yeas, the apathetic external image, in contrast to the later period, has been persistent. Nowhere has this negativity been more apparent than on the, also vita, topic of defence relations. For a subject that has been given more than adequate attention in terms of the 1921 Treaty negotiations and the Treaty Ports issue of the 1930s, the period in between has had little intensive coverage. In this regard the negative response of W.K.Hancock in 1937, stating that Cosgrave did not bother to question British defence imperatives, was stil being held some fifty yeas later by Paul Canning.7 Thus an enduring and importt image has emerged of defence relations re-enforcing the above divide, an image that has had to stand for the lack of new reseach. This does not mea that the image is necessarly an entirely false one, but it does mean that many of the supposed novelties of the de Valera yeas have been built on largely unknown foundations. The Treaty Ports issue is also vita to this thesis, but then so are other defence related matters which had an impact specific to the 1920s. In other words, the human and political context of how both countries, but the Irish government in paricular, coped with the immediate legacy of centuries of armed occupation, with the recent 1916-21 conflct, and with the smaller scale continuity of British occupation, was bound to cast old shadows over a new relationship. But how big were these shadows? It was on the basis of placing some detaled flesh on the skeleton of known (and unknown) policies and events that this thesis took shape. Frustrations and resentments could tae necessarily quieter forms than those which characterised the 1930s, and in the end be no less significant. If the first objective is then to make solid the continuity of defence affairs, it is appropriate to begin with a brief evaluation of the Treaty defence negotiations before tang a close look at British operations in the South in 1922 - the year when a reluctant Cosgrave was to inherit a situation where British forces were close to the development of civil war. Despite our growing knowledge of Britan's part in the progress of that war, there is stil a general perception that its forces became peripheral to events after the Truce of July 1921, and that its Army was, and had been, the only British Service involved in the struggle against armed republicanism.This is simply not the case, and it is to be wondered whether the proper absorption of Irish historians with the internal dynamics of the period, together with the authoritative quality of Charles Townshend's history of the 1919-21 British campaign, have not produced inhibitions to wider inquiry. 8 In any event, as the Admiralty was to play a central par in later defence relations it seems right to introduce, for the first time, the Royal Navy's importt role in the events of 1922. The point here is to establish that the actions and perceptions of both Services were to have repercussions for later attitudes. After these chapters, the following two aim to look at the cumulative legacy of British involvement and how both countries adjusted to the many unresolved questions thrown up by the Treaty and the unplanned contingencies of 1922. Retaining the theme that neither country could escape the past, nor trust to the future, chapter six returns to the physical and political impact made by the continuing presence of British forces in and around the three Treaty Ports, and along and across the Border. The final two chapters explore how all these factors helped determine the conditions for, and consequences of, one of the most damaging episodes of the later 1920s - the complete failure of the joint coasta defence review scheduled for December 1926.In all, the cumulative emphasis on the politics of defence may ilustrate what it was to be a small aspiring country that had little choice but to accept Britan's version of what was an inevitably close relationship, and to endure what Britan claimed as the benign strategic necessity of continued occupation.

Crime is rife in South Africa. Explanations abound for the high crime statistics, including the weakening of the family unit, the political history of South Africa, urbanisation and the fast growing urban neighbourhood, a weak criminal justice system and the abundant availability of firearms. In the quest to prevent crime, the private security industry has become a key performer in helping to deter and prevent crime and criminal activities. Yet there are no set criteria for selecting security officers against the backdrop of the high crime rates and a growing private security sector. Therefore the purpose was to develop a competency model for the selection of security officers for the safekeeping and protection of persons and property in the Thaba Tshwane area. I chose to do qualitative research using an interpretive approach in an attempt to understand the views of the participants concerning the work context and requirements of security officers. A grounded theory approach to the strategy of inquiry was employed as it was best suited to keeping the information that was gathered grounded in the participants’ own opinions. The focus of this research was on designing a competency model for security officers for selection purposes. Data were gathered through disciplinary records and open-ended structured interviews where the repertory grid and the behavioural event interview were applied.Eight subject matter experts, who included security officers, managers and a client working in the security industry, were used. The result of the study was a competency model of nine competencies and their definitions, which were grounded in the data and critical in functioning as an efficient security officer. / Industrial and Organisational Psychology / M.Com. (Industrial and Organisational Psychology)