Not until the 60¡¦s did art galleries start to exist in Taiwan. However, they were mostly sporadic, short-lived and weak in operation. It is only in the 80¡¦s when the art gallery industry in Taiwan started to take shape. Different from galleries back in the 60¡¦s and before the lift of Martial Law, galleries mushroomed in the late 80¡¦s and the 90¡¦s. In addition to the growing number of galleries, all the other factors, such as the return of a generation of young artists from Europe and the U.S. back to Taiwan, rising importance of museum establishment, fast expansion of media after the lift of Martial Law and newspaper restrictions as well as rapid changes in the economic and social environments, also helped bring about the unprecedented prosperity of the arts development in Kaohsiung. This prosperity was extremely valuable for Kaohsiung which had been wrongly ridiculed as a ¡§Cultural Desert¡¨ back then. This research focuses on the development and transition of the art galleries in the 90¡¦s with a view to keeping a record of the golden period of the art market in Kaohsiung. There are five chapters in this thesis. Chapter 1 is the introduction to the motivation, goal, scope, limitations, research methods and process of this study. Chapter 2 discusses the interactions and relationships among artists, collectors, art media and museums. Chapter 3 attempts to provide a historical review of art galleries in Kaohsiung and discuss their operations by dividing the history of art galleries in Kaohsiung into five stages: the ¡§Foundation Period¡¨ before the 70¡¦s, the ¡§Taking-off Period¡¨ from the 80¡¦s to the lift of Martial Law, the ¡§Prime Period¡¨ after the lift of Marital Law and before the inauguration of the Kaohsiung Museum of Fine Arts (KMFA), the ¡§Waning Period¡¨ after the inauguration of the KMFA to the outbreak of SARS, and the ¡§Stagnation Period¡¨ after the SARS outbreak up to now. Chapter 4 focuses on the ¡§Prime Period¡¨ of Kaohsiung¡¦s art gallery industry in the 90¡¦s and its impacts on the art market in Kaohsiung. Chapter 5 is the conclusion. The research methods adopted in this study are literature review, in-depth interview and observation. Through data collection, comparison, review and cross-analysis, this study helps reconstruct the history of Kaohsiung¡¦s art galleries and provides an observation of the changes and impacts of the industry in the 90¡¦s as well as its current development so as to help predict the future of art galleries in Kaohsiung. Even though Taiwan is not a large island, the two largest cities in its north and south are actually quite different in their population compositions and city characteristics. The purpose of this study is to break the stereotypical belief in the visual arts industry that ¡§Taipei is the only representative city of Taiwan.¡¨ and to explore from a local viewpoint the history and operations of the art galleries in Kaohsiung and their impacts on the art market in southern Taiwan. Hopefully, this study can provide references for working and future art gallery managers in their operations as well as for related governmental departments in helping healthy development of local art galleries.

En 1909, Léopold II décide, sans raison apparente, de vendre tous ses objets d'art sur le marché de l'art américain. Ce geste extraordinaire est sans doute lié à son opiniâtre volonté de prévoir pour son successeur un patrimoine dynastique. Empêché de le faire, il préfère tout vendre lui-même, y trouvant sans doute un certain plaisir car cet homme d'affaires est émoustillé par les prix faramineux que le marché américain offre à la veille de la Grande guerre. En outre, certaines pièces qu'il met en vente (c'est le cas de plusieurs tableaux) ont été abîmées par l'incendie du château de Laeken en 1890. Il aurait même vendu un faux, le Portrait de Duquesnoy par Van Dyck ...

This thesis focuses on the blooming market of Chinese 20th Century Art. The study object is one category of Christie’s Auction house, Chinese 20th Century Art, before 2009. Eight artists’ auction results are selected to the dataset for the research. We find that the previous researches based on the collection of Western arts cannot explain the whole situation of Chinese 20th Century Art. It has speculative character as an invest option in global art market. And some factors would affect the price changing in the auction activities. The Capital Asset Pricing Model is applied to study the investment condition of Chinese 20th Century Art as a capital asset. The result we get from our dataset presents that Chinese 20th Century Art is with high risks and high returns, which is quite different from the previous studies based on Western Artworks. Regression analysis reveals that some factors do affect the rate of price changes. We find that young Chinese artists who born after 1950 achieve better sale results than older ones. Their artworks are always sold on high realized prices. In addition, the high price sale more often happened in the auction house of Hong Kong and the market of Chinese 20th Century Art is enlarging these years. The rate of price change is increasing by the sale year growing. The prices of the artworks are growing higher and higher recently. However, the findings above just explain parts of the price increasing. All the reasons for the price increasing are not clear in this thesis.

La formation de collections d'objets d'art constitue en Europe, au début du XVIIe siècle, une nouvelle habitude de la part des mécènes et des connaisseurs. Avec la diffusion de la pratique du collectionnisme dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle et le développement du goût pour les tableaux en France -lesquels deviennent de plus en plus accessibles sur le marché-, un nombre grandissant de particuliers possèdent des oeuvres d'art sans pour autant être de grands collectionneurs. Coïncidant avec les débuts de la colonisation de la Nouvelle-France, nous pouvons nous demander quelécho a eu l'effervescence de ce goût au Canada. Il s'agit donc de retrouver la trace des divers objets d'art conservés dans les domiciles en Nouvelle-France, le long de la vallée laurentienne, de comprendre comment ils y ont circulé, quels étaient leur quantité et leur nature dans les intérieurs domestiques, puis quels rôles ils jouaient dans la société d'alors. Notre thèse examine donc les relations entre les particuliers et les oeuvres d'art en Nouvelle-France. Nous pensons que l'objet d'art ne s'inscrit pas d'emblée dans une classe ontologique propre où l'art suffit à l'art. Ainsi, en plus des discours légitimés sur l'art, nous devons aussi tenir compte des autres perspectives de compréhension et de modes de perception de l'oeuvre au sein de la civilisation des XVIIe et XVIIIe siècles. De fait, dans le cadre quotidien de la Nouvelle-France, l'oeuvred'art, si elle constitue un objet esthétique, ne se limite pas à ce rapport. Ainsi, ce qui est examiné porte sur la variété des compétences des laïcs de l'époque, c'est-à-dire la façon dont ils utilisent et perçoivent les images / At the beginning of the seventeenth century, in Europe, collecting art objects became a new habit for the patrons and the connoisseurs. The spread of the practice of collecting art in the second half of the seventeenth century, associated to the development of a taste for paintings in France – which are becoming increasingly available on the market – made a growing number of individuals buying art without being great collectors. Coinciding with the beginning of the colonization of the New France, we can ask if this taste for art also spread in Canada. This thesis traces the various works of art kept in homes of New France, along the St. Lawrence Valley. It tries to understand how these pieces of art circulated, how many there was, what was their variety in each domestic interior and what roles they played in the society. Furthermore, we examine therelationship between the individuals and the works of art in New France. We believe that the art object does not fall immediately into a clean ontological class where art is simply art. In addition to legitimate discourses on art, we think we must consider other perspectives for understanding the works of art in the seventeenth and the eighteenth centuries. In fact, the work of art is not considered simply as an aesthetic object in the everyday’s life of the New France. This thesis therefore examine how citizens interpreted art images and how they used the various art objects

The predictive power of pre-sale estimates in comparison with hedonic model of hammer price is tested within Czech painters' dataset in Czech and foreign auctions. It appears that pre-sale estimates do not account for all available information from public database which influence hammer price. The determinants of differences are examined on Czech and foreign auctions separately (OLS with instrumental variable) and in addition bought-in works are included into examination of foreign dataset by Heckit model. The same author appears to be the most viable difference in both datasets (after bought-in works inclusion in foreign data). Techniques and supports with higher hammer prices tend to have higher rate of difference between hammer and estimate prices. The influence of the oldest auction houses to higher hammer prices than estimates was confirmed. In Czech environment this influence of some auction house was not registered.

This dissertation evaluates the position of Netherlandish migrant artists in the dynamic cultural environment of seventeenth-century Rome through an examination of the role of the Bentvueghels (“birds of a feather”) as a social and economic nexus for the city’s foreign community. One of the most distinctive societies in the history of art, this high-spirited ex-pat “brotherhood” attracted hundreds of traveling artists and was notorious throughout Europe for its raucous initiations and for the raw depictions of Rome by Pieter van Laer and his followers, the Bamboccianti. While earlier scholarship has established important aspects of the group, such as its history and the artistic significance of individual members, the society has been characterized largely as antagonistic and antithetical to organizations and institutions specific to Rome. I offer instead a fresh outlook on the Bentvueghels that examines their day-to-day economics and response to (and even driving of) market forces in Rome, in order to determine how the society of foreigners as a whole operated functionally within a shifting creative environment in one of the most vital artistic centers in Europe. To address these issues, each chapter is arranged thematically and chronologically, focusing on the period between 1620, when the group first organized, through the close of the seventeenth century, when the last known images of Bentvueghel initiations were created. Using a methodology that integrates art historical primary source investigation with migration theory and network analysis, I analyze the various stages of the journey to Rome for these artists, from initial arrival, to the establishment of a workshop, to the achievement of success in local and international markets. The Introduction (Chapter One) sets up the methodological and historiographical framework for the dissertation. In the second chapter, “Arriving in Rome: The Bentvueghels as a Social and Economic Nexus,” the social activities of the Bentvueghels and their networks are discussed. Archival sources including parish censuses, criminal court records, and notarial documents demonstrate how the group enabled migrant artists to adapt to a different—and often hostile—market by fostering surrogate kinship networks. The Bentvueghels offered migrant artists, who were typically young (around 22-25 years of age), male, and single, a place to live, a ready-made network of friends, and critical financial assistance. Chapter Three, “Working in Rome: Bentvueghel Workshops and Working Practices,” establishes the working practices of Dutch and Flemish artists, a relatively uncharted area of research, and locates economic and social network formation within the space of the workshop. Centers of artistic production in the city are scrutinized, from the highly trafficked studios of Netherlandish artists such as Paul Bril to the private drawing academies hosted by prestigious patrons, including the celebrated Genoese aristocrat, Vincenzo Giustiniani. Paintings, drawings, and prints produced by Dutch and Flemish Italianate artists are compared to identify patterns in workshop practices, determine market impact, and measure the degree to which they were influenced by their new surroundings and by their association with the Bentvueghels. In the fourth and final chapter, “Staying in Rome: Cornelis Bloemaert II as a Case Study for Long-term Strategies of Networking,” I explore strategies of integration among members who remained in Rome for extended periods, focusing on the engraver Cornelis Bloemaert II as a case study. Collaborative enterprises such as large-scale book productions, which comprised a significant proportion of Bloemaert’s artistic output in Rome, provided ways for artists to enhance their artistic education and experiment with new techniques and motifs, while also encouraging further expansion and development of an artist’s social and economic networks. This study thus evaluates the full scope of a foreign artist’s experience in Rome, highlighting with greater accuracy the ways in which affiliation with the Bentvueghels influenced acclimation and eventual integration within the social and cultural fabric of the city. It offers, moreover, a much needed contextualization of the artistic relations between northern European and Italian artists in seventeenth-century Rome, and the important position of the Bentvueghels within this cosmopolitan environment. / Art History

Contemporary art trade in the Czech Republic has been regarded as a private area accessible only to a few insiders. So far no adequate literature about this field has existed, the marketing strategies used within it were, not only from the outside perspective, quite unclear. This work shows that it is not a secret sphere. On the contrary, it is a part of the market, which has the effect that the more you talk about it openly, the better impact it has on the whole society. The author presents the current situation in this field, its historical context, and openly discusses the long-term marketing strategies of gallerists who work with contemporary artists. On the basis of case studies from abroad she also shows other possible ways how to bring society closer to contemporary art by means of some specific marketing tools.

Darbo vadovas: prof. dr. Ieva Kuizinienė Darbas parengtas: 2014 m. Vilniuje Darbo apimtis: 149 puslapiai su priedais, 3 lentelės, 12 paveikslų Darbo aktualumas: Jaunųjų menininkų problema šiandien yra ypatingai aktualizuojama. 2013 m. Viešosios politikos ir vadybos institutas atliko „Jaunų menininkų socialinės ir kūrybinės padėties Lietuvoje tyrimą“. Pastarasis parodė valstybės politikos fromavimo būtinumą, orientuojantis į pagalbą jaunųjų menininkų karjeros formavime. Pastebimas ir suaktyvėjusi meno edukacija jaunųjų menininkų kūrinių įsigijimo klausimais – 2014 m. – galerija „Vartai“ kartu su meno ir edukacijos centru „Rupert“ organizavo ketvirtąją „Art Mantica“ paskaitų ciklo pranešimą „Nuo meno mėgėjo iki kolekcionieriaus“. Pranešimą skaitė meno patarėja Francesca Ferrarini. Darbo tikslas: Išanalizuoti Vilniaus dailės akademijos vaidmenį, skatinant sėkmingą vizualiųjų menų studentų integraciją į šiuolaikinio meno rinką, pateikti siūlymus ir rekomendacijas, padėsiančias Vilniaus dailės akademijai siekti efektyvesnių rezultatų skatinant sėkmingą jaunųjų menininkų karjerą ir ugdant savivadybos gebėjimus. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Išanalizuoti šiuolaikinio meno rinkos sąrangą. 2. Išanalizuoti Lietuvos šiuolaikinio meno rinkos specifiką. 3. Nustatyti jaunųjų menininkų integracijos į šiuolaikinio meno rinką problemtaiką Lietuvoje. 4. Atlikti kiekybinį Vilniaus dailės akademijos vizualiųjų menų studentų (tiek iš Vilniaus, tiek ir iš Kauno fakultetų) tyrimą – elektroninę apklausą... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Thesis supervisors: prof. dr. Ieva Kuizinienė Work prepared in Vilnius, 2014 Relevance of the work: 149 pages with appendixes, 3 tables, 12 pictures The relevance of the work: The nowadays-young artists’ issue is being especially underlined. In 2013 ‘Public Policy and Management Institute’ conducted a research analysing young artists social and creative status in Lithuania. It highlighted state policy’s necessity in forming young artists careers. It can also be observed that society is being educated regarding the acquisition of young artists’ pieces of works. In 2014 ‘Galerija Vartai’ alongside arts and education centre ‘Rupert’ organized the fourth ‘Art Mantica’ lecture series report: ‘From art lover to the collector’. The report was read by art advisor Francesca Ferrarini. Work tasks: 1. To analyse the structure of contemporary art market. 2. To determine the specifics of Lithuania’s contemporary art market. 3. To set the problems in Lithuania regarding young artists integration into the contemporary art market. 4. Perform a quantitative research on Vilnius Academy of Visual Arts students (both in Vilnius and Kaunas faculties) - an electronic survey. Employ the findings of the research to identify the challenges and opportunities associated with the students’ integration into the contemporary art market. 5. To perform a qualitative research analysing in-depth interviews with three different art market target groups: 1) Vilnius Academy of Arts staff and students; 2)... [to full text]

Abstract The goal of this diploma thesis is to explore the potential of Czech paintings as an alternative investment asset. Using hedonic model, I estimate the main sale price determinants such as painting technique, size, author, auction hall and the rate of return. Observed rate of return is than compared to global rate of return of art on one hand and to common investment tools such as gold and the Stock Exchange on the other. At the same time I examine the impact of GDP growth and inflation. I find a positive effect of GDP growth on the art market. After taking these questions into consideration I found, that even though art is associated with relatively low rate of return, it is eligible investment tool. Since it is unrelated to joint stock, it can serve as a convenient instrument of portfolio diversification. At the same time, Czech paintings may also serve as a very good store of value.

Este trabalho é um ponto de encontro entre dois artistas nova-iorquinos da segunda metade do século XX: Gordon Matta-Clark (Nova York, 1943-1978) e Félix González-Torres (Guaimaro, Cuba, 1957-Nova York, 1996) através de obras que se propõem como uma contradição nos termos: propriedades sem bem, ou a possibilidade de possuir um objeto materialmente inexistente. O primeiro, Gordon Matta-Clark, com a obra Propriedades Reais: Bens Fictícios, consistente na compra e registros fotográficos de bens imobiliários que, tendo seus limites marcados nas escrituras e nos mapas, não apresentam fronteiras perceptíveis no espaço físico. O segundo, Félix González-Torres com obras que encontram sua origem em Certificados de Autenticidade / Propriedade de objetos a ser manifestados, isto é, construídos pelo dono da peça ou por aquele que pedir emprestado o direito de montá-la. Propriedades sem bem que -- enxergadas por Matta-Clark na década de 70, e construídas por González-Torres na década de 90 --, abrem um leque de questionamentos sobre temas básicos de uma sociedade baseada no intercâmbio e na acumulação. A saber, a burocracia, o valor de troca e a noção de propriedade que, mais do que consistir em um objeto a ser possuído, consiste em um convênio a ser respeitado. Pacto ancorado em um complexo andaime econômico e legal, de números e de letras, que os dois artistas, desde cantos diferentes, percorrem até suas últimas consequências. Este texto é a história desse percurso. / This work is a meeting point between two artists of the second half of the twentieth century: Gordon Matta-Clark (New York, 1943-1978) and Felix Gonzalez-Torres (Guaimaro, Cuba, 1957-New York, 1996). The connection is established through works that are proposed as a contradiction in terms: properties without physical goods, or the possibility of owning one thing that does not exist in a material way. The first, Gordon Matta-Clark, with the work Reality Properties: Fake Estates, consists of the purchase and photographical registers of real estates, with their boundaries, marked in the deeds and maps, shows no discernible physical space. The second, Félix González-Torres, with works that find their origin in Certificates of Authenticity / Property of objects to be manifested, that is, built by the owner of the piece or by the one who borrows the right to assemble it. Properties without goods that - sighted by Matta-Clark in the 70s and constructed by González-Torres in the 90s - opens a range of questions about basic themes of a society founded on exchange and accumulation. Specifically: bureaucracy, exchange value and the notion of property that consists of more than an object to be possessed, a covenant to be respected. Covenant deals anchored on a complex economic and legal structure -numbers and letters- that both artists explore to the ultimate consequences. This text is the story of that exploration.