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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Einfluss des Chemokins CCL5 auf die arterielle Thrombose und Neointimabildung nach experimenteller Gefäßwandläsion / Influence of the chemokine CCL5 on arterial thrombosis and neointima formation following experimental arterial injury

Meier, Julia 13 July 2016 (has links)
Die Atherosklerose ist eine progressiv fortschreitende entzündliche Erkrankung der Gefäße. Dem Chemokin CCL5 kommt in der Modulation sowie der Progression eine entscheidende Rolle zu. In der vorliegenden Studie wurde der Einfluss der genetischen CCL5-Defizienz auf dem Boden einer Hypercholesterinämie nach Induktion einer experimentellen Gefäßwandläsion hinsichtlich der arteriellen Thrombose und Bildung einer Neointima untersucht. Diesbezüglich wurden Tiere mit dem doppelten Gen-Knockout für ApoE-/- und CCL5-/- (Versuchsgruppe) sowie Tiere mit dem einzelnen Gen-Knockout für ApoE-/- und CCL5+/+ (Kontrollgruppe) generiert. Im Experiment wurde das FeCl3-Modell zur Induktion einer arteriellen Gefäßwandläsion der A.carotis communis sin. verwendet, in deren Folge innerhalb weniger Minuten eine arterielle Thrombose verursacht wurde und die Bildung einer Neointima innerhalb von drei Wochen zur Folge hatte. In beiden Gruppen führte die Gefäßwandverletzung zu einer Thrombusbildung, ein Unterschied bedingt durch die CCL5-Defizienz konnte nach sieben Tagen nicht gezeigt werden. Hingegen konnte eine signifikante Reduktion der Neointima-Fläche sowie eine signifikant verringerte Lumenstenose in der ApoE-/- x CCL5-/--Gruppe (jeweils p<0,05) bei ähnlicher Media-Fläche mit einer signifikant reduzierten I/M-Ratio (p<0,05) ermittelt werden. Immunhistochemische Analysen zeigten eine signifikante Reduktion der CCR5+-Gesamtfläche und eine Steigerung der CCR1+-Neointima-Fläche in der ApoE-/- x CCL5-/--Gruppe (jeweils p<0,05) sowie einen signifikanten Anstieg der CD45+-Neointima-Fläche, der Mac-+Neointima-Fläche (p<0,05) und der Mac-2+-Media-Fläche und der Mac-2+-Gesamtfläche in der ApoE-/- x CCL5-/--Gruppe (jeweils p<0,05). Darüber hinaus konnte eine signifikante Steigerung des antiatherogen wirkenden Transskriptionsfaktors KLF4 in der KLF4+-Neointima-Fläche in der ApoE-/- x CCL5-/--Gruppe (p<0,05) gezeigt werden, sodass die Hypothese einer gegenseitigen Beeinflussung nahe liegt. Zusammenfassend führt die CCL5-Defizienz zu einer signifikant reduzierten Neointima-Fläche nach Induktion einer Gefäßwandläsion mit der Folge einer arteriellen Thrombose. Hämodynamische und Histologische Analysen ergaben jedoch keinen Hinweis dafür, dass dieser Unterschied auf Veränderungen in der Thrombusformation bedingt durch die CCL5- Defizienz beruht. Möglicherweise könnte der atheroprotektive Effekt der CCL5- Defizienz bedingt durch die Hochregulation des atheroprotektiven Transskriptionsfaktors KLF4 oder durch pleiotrope Effekte im Signalweg, aufgrund der verschiedenen Rezeptoren, vermittelt sein.
2

Design and Optimization of Recombinant Antibodies Directed Against Platelet Glycoprotein VI with Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potentials / Conception et optimisation d'anticorps recombinants à potentiel thérapeutique et diagnostique, dirigés contre la Glycoprotéine VI (GPVI) plaquettaire

Zahid, Muhammad 24 November 2011 (has links)
La glycoprotéine VI (GP VI) des plaquettes sanguines humaines est le récepteur principal du collagène, composé le plus thrombogénique d'une paroi vasculaire lésée. Ainsi, GPVI est souvent considérée comme une cible de premier plan pour développer des tests diagnostiques ou des stratégies thérapeutiques innovantes, efficaces et sûres afin d'améliorer encore la prise en charge des accidents ischémiques. Les anticorps monoclonaux et leurs fragments actifs produits par ingénierie moléculaire constituent aujourd'hui une nouvelle classe de biomolécules en plein essor avec des propriétés bien adaptées à des applications thérapeutiques et diagnostiques. Notre groupe a produit plusieurs anticorps monoclonaux anti-GPVI par immunisation génique de souris. Ces anticorps ont une affinité élevé pour leur cible. Ils de distinguent les uns des autres par leur spécificité épitopique ainsi que par les effets engendrés par leur liaison à GPVI. Parmi ces anticorps, l'un présente un fort potentiel diagnostique parce qu'il reconnait les formes mono- et dimériques de GPVI, mais sa liaison aux plaquettes peut induire une activation ou la perte de GPVI. Un autre anticorps présente un fort potentiel thérapeutique parce que ses fragments actifs monovalents obtenus par papaïnolyse neutralisent l'interaction entre les plaquettes et le collagène, sans activer les plaquette. Cependant, l'origine xénogénique de cet anticorps est responsable d'une forte immunogénicité qui en interdit des applications en médecine humaine. Dans cette étude, nous avons conçus un fragments variable d'anticorps simple chaine (scFv) utile pour quantifier l'expression de la GPVI à la surface des plaquettes sanguines. Ce scFv a été reformaté de façon à lui insérer un motif de reconnaissance de la Protéine L (PpL) qui facilite sa détection et sa purification sans avoir recours à un peptide "drapeau". Nous avons également humanisé et créé plusieurs fragments d'anticorps recombinants monovalents inhibiteurs de l'interaction GPVI / collagène. Ces fragments d'anticorps présentent un potentiel thérapeutique élevé. / Human platelets glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is evidenced to be a platelet receptor of major importance in the occurrence of arterial thrombosis. Thus, it can be considered to be of great interest in diagnosis and therapeutic of atheriosclerotic diseases. Antibodies are powerful molecules which can be used in both diagnostic as well as for therapeutic purposes due to their unique characteristics. Monoclonal and recombinant antibodies have antigen restricted specificity, high affinity and can be used in various assays. Moreover, the good knowledge of their structure and molecular engineering facilities now allows the antibody modulation according to desired properties.Our group has already produced several monoclonal antibodies to human GPVI by gene gun immunization against the immunoadhesin hGPVI-Fc, which differ in fine epitopespecificity, affinity and other functional properties (Lecut et al. 2003). One, 3J24, with diagnostic potential while the other, 9O12, has a therapeutic potential because it blocks the binding of GPVI to collagen. Its Fab fragment has been extensively characterized in vitro,ex vivo and in vivo for its antithrombotic properties.Here, we designed and reshaped a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) based on 3J24variable domains for the quantification of GPVI with diagnostic potential. We were also involved in the design, production and functional evaluation of humanized anti-GPVI recombinant antibody fragments (scFvs and Fabs) with therapeutic properties.
3

Bedeutung von Urokinase-Plasminogen-Aktivator für das Wachstum und die Stabilität arteriosklerotischer Gefäßläsionen im Apolipoprotein-E-Knockout-Mausmodell / Lack of urokinase plasminogen activator promotes progression and instability of atherosclerotic lesions on apolipoprotein E-knockout mice

Schremmer, Carmen 07 November 2013 (has links)
No description available.
4

Etude du rôle des étapes initiales d'adhérence des plaquettes sanguines et du flux pulsatile dans l'agrégation plaquettaire / Role of the initial steps of platelet adhesion and importance of pulsatile flow in platelet aggregation

Maurer, Éric 31 March 2014 (has links)
Lors d'une lésion vasculaire, les plaquettes adhèrent, s’activent et agrègent pour former un clou hémostatique qui stoppe le saignement. Dans un contexte pathologique, l’agrégation plaquettaire mène à la formation d’un thrombus qui peut obstruer une artère malade et entrainer des pathologies ischémiques graves. Les agents antiplaquettaires actuels, qui ciblent l’activation et l’agrégation des plaquettes, ont une efficacité reconnue, mais ont pour limites, la récurrence d'événements ischémiques et le risque hémorragique. L’objectif central de ma thèse a été d’explorer l’importance des étapes initiales d’adhérence des plaquettes aux protéines sous-endothéliales et du rôle du flux sanguin dans l’agrégation des plaquettes. J’ai pu montrer qu’un anticorps dirigé contre la GPIbβ, RAM.1, réduit la signalisation du complexe GPIb-V-IX et la formation de thrombi sans affecter l'hémostase. J’ai également mis en évidence que la fibronectine cellulaire fibrillaire est une surface thrombogène qui assure l’adhérence, l'activation, l'agrégation et l'activité pro-coagulante des plaquettes. Enfin, mes travaux indiquent que la pulsatilité du flux sanguin possède un rôle inverse sur la croissance des thrombi en conditions physiologique et pathologique. En conclusion, ce travail met en lumière l’importance des étapes initiales d’adhérence des plaquettes et de la pulsatilité du flux sanguin dans l’agrégation plaquettaire. / Following vascular injury, blood platelets adhere, become activated and aggregate to form a hemostatic plug which stops the bleeding. In a pathological context, platelet aggregation can also lead to the formation of an occlusive thrombus, responsible for lifethreatening ischemic events. Current antiplatelet drugs targeting platelet activation and aggregation, have a recognized efficacy, but also present some limitations including the recurrence of ischemic events and the risk of bleeding. The aim of my thesis was to explore the importance of the initial step of platelet adhesion to subendothelial proteins and the role of pulsatile blood flow in platelet aggregation. I provided evidence that RAM.1 an antibody directed against GPIbβ, reduces GPIb signaling and thrombus formation without affecting hemostasis. My work also showed that fibrillar cellular fibronectin is a thrombogenic surface which supports efficient adhesion, activation, aggregation and procoagulant activity of platelets. Finally, I observed that the pulsatility of the blood flow has an inverse role in the growth of thrombi in physiological and pathological settings. In conclusion, this work highlights the importance of initial stages of platelet adhesion and of the blood flow pulsatility in platelet aggregation.
5

Buerger Disease in an Elderly Man

Ismail, Hassan M. 01 May 2007 (has links)
Buerger disease is characterized by progressive distal extremity ischemia in persons with recent tobacco consumption. Typically, affected persons are young men. There have been case reports of Buerger disease in older men. Almost all of the reported cases were characterized with progressive, severe disease requiring amputation. We report a case of an older man with features of Buerger disease without significant proximal progression despite active smoking. Arteriographic and pathologic studies confirmed the diagnosis.
6

Design and Optimization of Recombinant Antibodies Directed Against Platelet Glycoprotein VI with Therapeutic and Diagnostic Potentials

Zahid, Muhammad 24 November 2011 (has links) (PDF)
Human platelets glycoprotein VI (GPVI) is evidenced to be a platelet receptor of major importance in the occurrence of arterial thrombosis. Thus, it can be considered to be of great interest in diagnosis and therapeutic of atheriosclerotic diseases. Antibodies are powerful molecules which can be used in both diagnostic as well as for therapeutic purposes due to their unique characteristics. Monoclonal and recombinant antibodies have antigen restricted specificity, high affinity and can be used in various assays. Moreover, the good knowledge of their structure and molecular engineering facilities now allows the antibody modulation according to desired properties.Our group has already produced several monoclonal antibodies to human GPVI by gene gun immunization against the immunoadhesin hGPVI-Fc, which differ in fine epitopespecificity, affinity and other functional properties (Lecut et al. 2003). One, 3J24, with diagnostic potential while the other, 9O12, has a therapeutic potential because it blocks the binding of GPVI to collagen. Its Fab fragment has been extensively characterized in vitro,ex vivo and in vivo for its antithrombotic properties.Here, we designed and reshaped a single-chain antibody fragment (scFv) based on 3J24variable domains for the quantification of GPVI with diagnostic potential. We were also involved in the design, production and functional evaluation of humanized anti-GPVI recombinant antibody fragments (scFvs and Fabs) with therapeutic properties.
7

Etude des mécanismes d'adhérence et d'activation des plaquettes sanguines appliquée à l'identification de nouvelles cibles anti-thrombotiques plus sûres / Study of blood platelet adhesion and activation mechanisms to identify safer antithrombotic targets

Schaff, Mathieu 07 December 2012 (has links)
L’adhérence, l’activation et l’agrégation des plaquettes sanguines sont essentielles à l’hémostase mais peuvent également conduire à la thrombose artérielle sur plaque d’athérosclérose, aujourd’hui première cause de mortalité dans le monde. Les anti-thrombotiques actuels, dirigés contre l’activation et l’agrégation plaquettaires, ont une efficacité reconnue mais ont pour inconvénient d’augmenter le risque de saignement. L’objectif de cette thèse a été d’explorer de nouvelles stratégies réduisant la thrombose tout en préservant l’hémostase. L’utilisation de souris modifiées génétiquement a mis en évidence que l’intégrine alpha6 beta1, impliquée dans l’adhérence des plaquettes aux laminines, joue un rôle critique en thrombose expérimentale mais pas en hémostase. De plus, nous avons montré dans un système de perfusion de sang qu’une protéine préférentiellement exprimée dans les plaques d’athérosclérose, la ténascine-C, permet l’adhérence et l’activation des plaquettes. En revanche, la beta-arrestine-1, une protéine de signalisation, ne contribue que modestement aux fonctions plaquettaires et à la thrombose. En conclusion, ce travail a permis de dégager deux nouvelles pistes anti-thrombotiques potentiellement capables de préserver l’hémostase, basées sur le ciblage de l’intégrine alpha6 beta1 ou de l’interaction plaquette/ténascine-C. / Following vascular injury, blood platelet adhesion, activation and aggregation are essential for hemostasis but can also lead to arterial thrombosis, which is a leading cause of death worldwide. Current antithrombotic drugs impede platelet activation and aggregation, thereby considerably reducing cardiovascular mortality, but their use is linked to an increased bleeding risk. This thesis aimed to explore more selective strategies causing minimal perturbation of hemostasis. The use of genetically-modified mice has revealed an unsuspected important contribution of integrin alpha6 beta1, which mediates platelet adhesion to laminins, to experimental arterial thrombosis but not hemostasis. In addition, we showed that tenascin-C, an extracellular matrix protein overexpressed in atherosclerotic plaques, can support platelet adhesion and activation under flow. In contrast, the signaling protein beta-arrestin-1 does not play a major role in platelet function, hemostasis and thrombosis. In conclusion, this work provides two interesting candidates, namely integrin alpha6 beta1 and tenascin-C, to put into practice the concept of targeting thrombosis while minimally impairing hemostasis.
8

Avaliação da MAGP1 no processo de trombose arterial induzida por cloreto férrico e assistida por microscopia intravital / Evaluation of MAGP1 in the process of arterial thrombosis induced by ferric chloride and assisted by intravital microscopy

Pereira, Danielle Sousa, 1988- 24 August 2018 (has links)
Orientador: Claudio Chrysostomo Werneck / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T08:25:27Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira_DanielleSousa_M.pdf: 8911447 bytes, checksum: c9bf5559a19db5c16b953e4b7a760966 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Resumo: MAGP1 (Microfibril-Associated GlycoProtein1) é um os constituintes das microfibrilas. Numerosos estudos têm demonstrado que MAGP1 interage com outras moléculas in vitro e sua expressão é de grande importância para o desenvolvimento vascular em zebrafish. Dados obtidos em nosso laboratório a partir do modelo fotoquímico de indução de trombo em animais deficientes em MAGP1 sugerem a importância deste componente da microfibrila no processo trombótico. Entre as técnicas para indução da formação de trombo, têm-se o cloreto férrico. Tal mecanismo, quando aplicado em pequenos animais, gera uma lesão endotelial de alta intensidade em apenas dois minutos. Além disso, com o auxílio da microscopia intravital, o cloreto férrico permite a captura de imagens do vaso sanguíneo em tempo real. A microscopia intravital possibilita a análise do processo de formação do trombo e as possíveis diferenças deste processo nos camundongos deficientes em MAGP1. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho objetivou estabelecer a técnica de trombose arterial induzida por cloreto férrico e assistida por microscopia intravital, a fim de verificar a função de MAGP1 no processo de formação do trombo. Para isto, as células brancas e as plaquetas de animais selvagens e deficientes em MAGP1 foram coradas com Rhodamina 6G e analisadas por microscopia intravital / Abstract: MAGP1 (Microfibril - Associated GlycoProtein1) is a constituent of the microfibrils. Numerous studies have shown that MAGP1 interact with other molecules in vitro and its expression is of importance for vascular development in zebrafish. Data obtained in our laboratory from the photochemical model of thrombus induction in animals deficient in MAGP1 suggest the importance of this component of the microfibril in the thrombotic process. Among the techniques for inducing thrombus formation, it has been ferric chloride. This mechanism when applied in small animals generates a high intensity endothelial injury in just two minutes. Furthermore, with the aid of intravital microscopy, ferric chloride enables the capture of blood vessel images in real time. The intravital microscopy allows the analysis of the process of thrombus formation and possible differences of this process in mice deficient in MAGP1. Therefore, this study aimed to establish the technique of arterial thrombosis induced by ferric chloride and assisted intravital microscopy, in order to verify the function of MAGP1 in the process of thrombus formation. For this, white cells and platelets MAGP1 deficient and wild animals were stained with Rhodamine 6G e analyzed by intravital microscopy / Mestrado / Bioquimica / Mestra em Biologia Funcional e Molecular
9

Potential roles of TFPI in both thrombotic and hemorrhagic diseases / Rôle potentiel du TFPI dans les maladies thrombotiques et hémorragiques

Tardy-Poncet, Brigitte 26 November 2012 (has links)
L'inhibiteur de la Voie du Facteur Tissulaire (TFPI) est une protéine régulatrice de la coagulation plasmatique intervenant à la phase initiale de la cascade. Il inhibe en présence de la protéine S (PS) le facteur Xa et ce complexe TFPI-Xa inactive ensuite le complexe FT-VIIa. Nous avons recherché une résistance à l'activité anticoagulante du TFPI. La sensibilité du plasma à une quantité fixe de TFPI a été évaluée sur la base d'un temps de thromboplastine diluée (TTD) réalisé avec et sans TFPI : - chez des patients ayant présenté une thrombose veineuse profonde inexpliquée ; cette résistance suspectée sur une 1ère étude n'a pas été confirmée sur la 2ème. - chez des patientes enceintes ; une résistance au TFPI acquise a été montrée et rapportée au déficit acquis en PS ; cependant le degré de résistance au TFPI ne peut pas être utilisé comme marqueur de risque de pathologie vasculaire placentaire. Chez des patients obèses l'effet inhibiteur des taux élevés de Lp(a) sur l'activité TFPI décrit in vitro n'a pas été retrouvé in vivo pas plus que l'effet de l'aspirine sur la normalisation des taux de Lp(a). Le TFPI joue un rôle dans les manifestations hémorragiques des hémophiles. Nous avons montré que les hémophiles B ont comparativement aux A des taux moindres de TFPI ce qui pourrait expliquer leur différence en terme de manifestations hémorragiques. Les taux de TFPI libre sont bien corrélés aux paramètres de la génération de thrombine surtout au temps de latence. En présence d’un anti TFPI humain la génération de thrombine est corrigée chez l'hémophile. Cette correction dépend de la concentration d'anti TFPI, est saturable et doit être étudiée sur du plasma riche en plaquettes / TFPI is a multivalent Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor that directly inhibits FXa and produces FXa-dependent feedback inhibition of the FVIIa–TF complex. It was recently demonstrated that Protein S (PS) plays the role of TFPI cofactor by enhancing the TFPI inhibition of factor Xa in vivo. Approximately 80% of plasma TFPI circulates as a complex with plasma lipoproteins, about 5–20% circulating as free TFPI. Under quiescent conditions, approximately 50–80% of intravascular TFPI is stored in association with the endothelium. Full-length TFPI α carried in platelets constitutes 8-10% of the total amount of TFPI in the blood, corresponding to a quantity comparable to that of soluble full-length TFPI α in the plasma. We searched for resistance to TFPI activity in patients who presented idiopathic venous thrombosis at a young age. Plasma sensitivity to TFPI was evaluated on the basis of diluted prothrombin time (dPT) measured in patients and in control plasma in the presence (W) and absence (Wo) of exogenous TFPI. At the same time, dPT was measured on a reference plasma to establish a normalized ratio termed TFPI NR and defined as (dPT wTFPI/ dPT Wo TFPI) patient or control / (dPT wTFPI/ dPT Wo TFPI) reference plasma. In an initial study, we found that TFPI resistance could be considered as a new coagulation abnormality that could be related to unexplained thrombosis. In a second study, we failed to demonstrate a role of TFPI resistance in patients with venous thrombosis, abnormal TFPI NR being more likely related to the non-respect of preanalytical conditions rather than to an inherited trait. However, in another study, we showed that inherited or acquired PS deficiency was responsible for a TFPI resistance, providing an ex vivo demonstration that PS is the cofactor of TFPI activity. We showed that this TFPI resistance existed throughout pregnancy and that it disappeared when PS returned to normal values after delivery. We evaluated this TFPI resistance as a possible marker of the risk of a gestational vascular complication (GVC) in 72 patients at risk of developing a GVC. TFPI NR did not differ between GVC+ patients (n =15) and GVC– patients (n = 57). High levels of Lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a) have been shown to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease, lowering of these levels not being achievable by any treatment except possibly aspirin. An in vitro study showed that TFPI activity could be inhibited by Lp(a). We did not confirm this TFPI inhibition in vivo in 20 obese patients with coronary insufficiency who had either normal Lp(a) levels (≤ 0.3 g/L; n = 15) or high Lp(a) levels (≥ 0.3 g/L; n = 5) . Moreover, we found no effect of aspirin treatment on Lp(a) whatever the initial level of Lp(a). Haemophilia B patients bleed less than haemophilia A patients. We showed that this difference in bleeding profile could be explained by lower free TFPI levels in haemophilia B patients compared to haemophilia A patients. In an ongoing study, we showed that in haemophilia A patients there was a strong correlation between the different parameters of thrombin generation (TG) and free TFPI. We also showed, in a TG assay performed in platelet-rich plasma (PRP) with a low TF concentration, that LT was sensitive to free TFPI levels whatever the type of haemophilia and whatever theseverity of the disease. We demonstrated that blocking TFPI by an anti-TFPI Antibody (Ab) allows complete correction of the TG profile in PRP. We showed that it is of major importance to perform a TG assay in PRP in order to evaluate the efficacy of anti-TFPI Ab in correcting TG parameters in haemophilia patients

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