Syftet med denna studie är att få kunskap om hur sex danslärare uppfattar sitt arbete med bedömning i dans i gymnasieskolan, inom de nya ämnes-och kursplanerna från 2011. Studien avser också undersöka hur danslärarna går tillväga under feedbacksamtal i dansämnet. Mitt syfte för studien grundar sig i att jag själv har ett starkt intresse för bedömning och hur jag kan utveckla olika bedömningsmetoder. De metoder jag har använt mig av i studien är tre kvalitativa intervjuer, samt tre intervjuer via mail. Intervjupersonerna har valts på grunderna att de undervisar elever inom det estetiska programmet inriktning dans, samt att de undervisar elever enligt de nya ämnes-och kursplanerna. Resultatet visar att samtliga danslärare anser att ämnes-och kursplanerna styr deras bedömningsarbete, men även deras undervisningsplanering av kurser och lektioner. Alla lärare uppfattar att de nya ämnes-och kursplanerna från 2011 är tydliga. Resultatet visar också att danslärarna arbetar med formativ bedömning (bedömning för lärande) under läsåret och summativt inför betygsättning, då de tittar på allt insamlat material. En svårighet som alla lärarna uppger, är att få tiden att räcka till allt arbete som bedömning omfattar. På feedbacksamtal arbetar danslärarna formativt och vill både säga något om hur eleverna ligger till men också hur de ska arbeta vidare. Förutom omdöme och betyg på feedbacksamtal, vill alla lärare i undersökningen, även lyfta och stärka elevernas självförtroende och förmedla deras positiva utveckling. / The aim of this study is to gain knowledge of how six dance teachers view their work regarding assessment in Dance, in upper secondary school, within the new subject-and course syllabus from 2011. The study also aims to find out how the dance teachers go about in the feedback development dialogue in dance. The aim of the study is based upon my interest of assessment and how I further can find and develop different methods of assessment. The methods of the study are based on three qualitative interviews, as well as three interviews via e-mail. The interviewees have been chosen to participate in the study due to their students who major the Esthetic Programme, orientation Dance. The interviewees have also been chosen due to teaching within the new subject-and course syllabus. The result of the study demonstrate that the dance teachers find that the subject-and course syllabus is steering all of their work with assessment, as well as planning of courses and lessons. They also perceive the new subject-and course syllabus as very explicit. The result also shows that the dance teachers use formative assessment (assessment for learning) during the academic year. Summative assessment is used before grading, when they assess the students’ development and achievements. All teachers perceive one difficulty with assessment. They account for a shortage of time when it comes to assessing all elements of each course. During the feedback development dialogue in dance, the teachers are communicating in a formative way and present the students’ current position in the learning process, and how to reach further. In addition to rating and grading in the feedback development dialogue, all the teachers want to reinforce and strengthen the self-confidence of their students and also emphasize the students’ positive development.

Genomförda undersökningar visar att formativ bedömning förbättrar elevers inlärning och förståelse. Den svenska läroplanen från 2011 ger tydliga indikationer på att formativ bedömning ska inkluderas i undervisningen. Vår diskussion i denna uppsats är därför aktuell och den visar hur forskare artikulerar fenomenet formativ bedömning. Litteraturstudien inkluderar information om vad formativ bedömning innebär och förslag på hur man kan arbeta utifrån ett sådant arbetssätt. Vår studie visar att de viktigaste komponenterna inom formativ bedömning är att tydliggöra målen, återkoppling samt själv- och kamratbedömning. Beskrivningarna av dessa resulterar i en analys där vi diskuterar det formativa arbetssättet. Både positiva och negativa aspekter tas upp. Vårt syfte med denna uppsats är att införskaffa djupare kunskaper om formativ bedömning likväl för oss själva som för redan aktiva lärare. Vi har en föraning om att många lärare inte har tillräckliga kunskaper kring ämnet och vår förhoppning är att denna uppsats kan fungera som ett verktyg för lärare som arbetar med eller skulle vilja arbeta med formativ bedömning. / Previous research shows that formative assessments improve pupils’ learning and understanding. Also, the Swedish Curriculum 2011 gives clear guidance that formative assessment should be included in school. Our discussion in this essay is therefore needed and it deals with how researchers articulate the phenomenon formative assessment. The study includes information about what formative assessment means and suggestions for how to work with it are given. The main parts within formative assessment are to clarify learning goals, feedback and self- and peer assessment. The information about these main parts ends in an analysis where a discussion about formative assessment and its positive and negative effects takes place.   Furthermore, the purpose of this essay is to inherit deeper knowledge about formative assessment as well for ourselves as for teachers already on duty. We anticipate that many teachers do not have sufficient knowledge about formative assessment and our expectation is that this essay can function as a tool for teachers who work or would like to work with formative assessment.

This thesis focuses on teachers’ assessment practices in primary and lower secondary schools for technology education (Sv. Teknik). It is grounded in my prior experience as a teacher but also addresses the national and international research fields of technology education and assessment. The thesis is based on four papers covering different aspects of teachers’ assessment practices in technology. Its aim is to contribute to knowledge regarding how teachers use assessments in primary and lower secondary school. The thesis explores: teachers’ formal documenting practices; primary teachers’ minute-by-minute classroom assessment; teachers’ views on assessment and finally teachers’ statements and motives relating to criteria for success while assessing students’ e-portfolios. The choice of methods varies, depending on the focus of each sub-study, including quantitative data, collected from official governmental databases, software-generated statistical data and questionnaires as well as qualitative methods such as observations and interviews. Formal documents proved to be unsupportive for teachers’ assessment practices. Lack of instruction and deficiencies in design templates made these documents practically useless. The classroom study shows that the studied teachers have great ambitions for their pupils to succeed but lack collegial support concerning their assessment practices. Findings also show that teachers who are specifically trained in technology show higher self-efficacy regarding their assessment practices. Based on the results from the teachers' assessments of e-portfolios, it is concluded that there is consensus among the teachers to focus on the whole rather than on particular details in student’s work. The overall results strengthen the importance of designing activities and that students should be taught and not left to unreflective doing in technology. Teachers’ assessment practices are complex. This thesis shows that teachers work with assessment in different ways. It is also shown that the educational environment is not supportive enough. Assessment is a necessity in the endeavour of bridging teaching and learning in technology, thus affordance for teachers’ assessment practices must be increased. / <p>QC 20150216</p>

A major thrust in assessment reform is the instructional use of assessment (Ministry, 2010). Assessment for learning (AFL) has, however, proven challenging for teachers to implement (Brookhart, 2004; Swaffield, 2011; Tierney, 2006). Researchers have called for studies of classrooms that show how AFL works in practice (Bennett, 2011; Shepard, 2000). This study gathers images of practice from classrooms where teachers have been implementing a structure-based approach called Question Structure. Although a key premise of AFL is that assessment can be used instructionally to support learning, Question Structure’s constructivist-information-processing approach is rooted in educational measurement traditions usually juxtaposed to AFL theory and practice (Broadfoot & Black, 2004). Images of practice were drawn from classroom observation, teaching artifacts, and interviews from teachers who had been implementing the system for three to six years in three Ontario school boards. Data were analyzed through sub-questions emerging from the literature and through grounded theory. The study found that Question Structure supported AFL principles and practices. It also supported a Tylerian, backwards-design approach to program design, but not to excess. Technical revisions tended to evolve into significant change in practice, including program reconceptualization and increased focus on students’ learning. The structure-based approach functioned in a variety of ways, for example to support task clarification, (re)reading and comprehension of text, writing process, open-ended collaborative work, and student-generated questions. Teachers were able to clarify the meaning of ‘structure,’ to distinguish structures from instructional and cognitive strategies, and to use universal structures and strategies as subject-specific pedagogy in Language Arts/English. The role of the technical interest and implications for professional learning are also discussed.

A major thrust in assessment reform is the instructional use of assessment (Ministry, 2010). Assessment for learning (AFL) has, however, proven challenging for teachers to implement (Brookhart, 2004; Swaffield, 2011; Tierney, 2006). Researchers have called for studies of classrooms that show how AFL works in practice (Bennett, 2011; Shepard, 2000). This study gathers images of practice from classrooms where teachers have been implementing a structure-based approach called Question Structure. Although a key premise of AFL is that assessment can be used instructionally to support learning, Question Structure’s constructivist-information-processing approach is rooted in educational measurement traditions usually juxtaposed to AFL theory and practice (Broadfoot & Black, 2004). Images of practice were drawn from classroom observation, teaching artifacts, and interviews from teachers who had been implementing the system for three to six years in three Ontario school boards. Data were analyzed through sub-questions emerging from the literature and through grounded theory. The study found that Question Structure supported AFL principles and practices. It also supported a Tylerian, backwards-design approach to program design, but not to excess. Technical revisions tended to evolve into significant change in practice, including program reconceptualization and increased focus on students’ learning. The structure-based approach functioned in a variety of ways, for example to support task clarification, (re)reading and comprehension of text, writing process, open-ended collaborative work, and student-generated questions. Teachers were able to clarify the meaning of ‘structure,’ to distinguish structures from instructional and cognitive strategies, and to use universal structures and strategies as subject-specific pedagogy in Language Arts/English. The role of the technical interest and implications for professional learning are also discussed.

Traditional tests for large-scale assessment of mathematics learning have been criticized for several reasons, such as their mismatch between the vision of mathematical competence and the content covered by the test, and their failure to provide relevant information for guiding further learning and instruction. To achieve that large-scale assessments can function as tools for monitoring and improving learning and teaching, one has to move away from the rationale, the constraints, and the practices of traditional tests. As an illustration this paper presents an alternative approach to largescale assessment of elementary school mathematics developed in Flanders, Belgium Using models of item response theory, 14 measurement scales were constructed, each representing a cluster of curriculum standards and covering as a whole the mathematics curriculum relating to numbers, measurement and geometry. A representative sample of 5,763 sixth-graders (12-year-olds) belonging to 184 schools participated in the study. Based on expert judgments a cut-off score was set that determines the minimum level that students must achieve on each scale to master the standards. Overall, the more innovative curriculum standards were mastered less well than the more traditional ones. Few gender differences in performance were observed. The advantages of this approach and its further development are discussed.

There are a myriad of factors that influence the teaching and assessment of English as a foreign language in Israel. One such factor is the change in perception of how the mind collects and processes information. The transition from behaviorist theories of learning to constructivist and cognitivist theories has resulted in a new concept of learning that recognises the pivotal role of the learner in the learning process. Another instrumental factor is the creation of standards in education that are intended to raise the level of academic achievement and provide equitable educational opportunities for all learners. Both of these factors have impacted the study of English as a foreign language. Countries around the world have assumed monumental changes in the way they approach foreign language study. Following the examples of foreign countries Israel has recently implemented a standards-based curriculum that supports alternative assessment. Since this is a relatively new concept, the principles underlying standards and assessment are unfamiliar to many EFL teachers. Novice teachers, as well as experienced teachers, are experiencing difficulty incorporating standards and alternative assessment into their lessons. In the light of the above it was clear that a need existed to investigate how English foreign language teachers relate to assessment and to examine the extent to which they implement alternative assessment in their teaching. The aim of the study is to explore teachers' understanding of alternative assessment and find out how teachers incorporate alternative assessment in their EFL classes. Against this background, an empirical investigation was undertaken. It comprised a textual analysis of ten assessment packages and two focus group interviews. The research produced a wealth of descriptive data that illuminated the subject. The findings magnified the disparity between the theory behind alternative assessment and actual practice. It was apparent that the assessment activities which EFL teachers employed, were not in sync with the principles that were being promoted by the new curriculum for EFL teaching and assessment in Israeli schools. The study discusses the results of the investigation, suggests the implications and presents recommendations. / Educational Studies / D.Ed. (Didactics)

Empirical research evidences have confirmed the pedagogical power of formative assessment to improve students‟ learning, particularly in science education. Thus, this study investigated science teachers‟ practice of assessment for learning in second cycle secondary schools at East Gojjam Zone, Amhara Regional State. To meet this objective mixed method research design, particularly concurrent mixed method was used. The subjects of the study were all of science teachers in the randomly selected schools. Questionnaire, semi-structured interview, and observation were used to collect the data. From 186 science teachers, 153 teachers properly filled and returned the questionnaire. Moreover, 8 purposively selected teachers were included in the interview and observation sessions. To analyze the quantitative data, frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, one-sample t-test, multiple regression, MANOVA, and ANOVA were used. For the qualitative data content analysis was used. The results of the quantitative and qualitative data showed that the practice of assessment for learning in the selected schools was very low. Most science teachers administered tests, home works, assignments, and class works at the end of the lesson to consolidate what they taught and to collect marks, but they did not integrate different assessment for learning methods throughout their instruction for the sake of learning. Teachers mentioned lack of science resources, large class size, shortage of instructional time, inadequate school support, lack of appropriate professional development activities, lack of instructional materials, students‟ and teachers‟ negative perception on formative assessment, teachers‟ lack of knowledge and skill about formative assessment, and large content of courses as major factors for not implementing assessment for learning. Besides, this study revealed a significant relationship between teachers‟ perception and school supports with teachers‟ overall practice of assessment for learning. Teaching experience has also significant effect on the combined practice of assessment for learning, particularly teaching experience significantly affects the collection of learning evidences than other factors. However, class size, subject taught, and teaching load per week have no significant effect on the combined practice of assessment for learning. Moreover, the pre-service and in-service assessment trainings have no significant contributions to the practice of assessment for learning. Therefore, comprehensive and relevant assessment trainings should be given for science teachers on a regular basis to integrate assessment with daily instruction to improve learning. / Curriculum and Instructional Studies / D. Ed. (Didactics)

NASCIMENTO, Eimard Gomes Antunes . Avaliação do software geogebra como instrumento psicopedagógico de ensino em geometria. 2012.113f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Educação) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Educação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Educação Brasileira, Fortaleza-CE, 2012. / Submitted by Maria Josineide Góis (josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-06T12:04:55Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Dis_EGANascimento.pdf: 1109485 bytes, checksum: 2166a7f6639ae4cd68fe3dc82b971e3a (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Maria Josineide Góis(josineide@ufc.br) on 2012-07-09T12:44:46Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Dis_EGANascimento.pdf: 1109485 bytes, checksum: 2166a7f6639ae4cd68fe3dc82b971e3a (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2012-07-09T12:44:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2012_Dis_EGANascimento.pdf: 1109485 bytes, checksum: 2166a7f6639ae4cd68fe3dc82b971e3a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / This current study presents the assessment on Geogebra free software for teaching geometry, as a psycho-pedagogical approach, highlighting resources that facilitate integration and use of program with professors and students’ learning topics. The software can be applied from earlier primary-school students to college ones as well as distance education programs by using internet. Geogebra is a free dynamic mathematic software and multiple-platform for all learning levels, combining geometry, algebra, tables, plotting, graphics, statistics and one-system calculation. The geometry presented was guaranteed and assigned as dynamic geometry and interactive (GDI) that is it, a computer implementation such as: rulers, drawing, square, calipers. Those tools provide motion by keeping construction properties in a static state though, in addition, dynamic motions in order to transforming the computer into a mathematics laboratory where one can perform several technological practices. The study about teaching and learning on geometry and algebra configures itself by means of a descriptive research with exploiting characteristics and almost experimental. The established steps follow as: - re-conception of teaching and learning of mathematics; re-dimension of theories and researches on evaluation. The study of case about assessment of programs on near-by qualitative methodology, in which data and the interface between several presentation of data analysis. We have concluded that the software is innovator and well measured by students and professors who have already used that technology for acquiring knowledge on mathematics and consequently for using in algebra and geometry. Currently, the program is in a long run a great insight and well known throughout. / O estudo tem por objetivo avaliar o software livre Geogebra para o ensino aprendizagem de geometria, como uma ferramenta psicopedagógica, com destaque aos recursos que facilitam a integração e uso do programa com os conteúdos curriculares, professores e alunos. O software pode ser aplicado desde as séries inicias do ensino fundamental, em estudos universitários e em cursos a distância via internet. O Geogebra é um software sobre matemática dinâmica, gratuito e de multi-plataforma para todos os níveis de ensino, que combina geometria, álgebra, tabelas, gráficos, estatística e cálculo em um único sistema. A geometria que apresenta foi validada e designada como Geometria Dinâmica e Interativa (GDI), isto é, uma implementação computacional das tecnologias usadas, tais como: régua, compasso, esquadro e transferidor os quais permitem que os modelos construídos, apesar de estáticos, sejam movidos mantendo as propriedades da construção, acrescenta ainda movimentos dinâmicos e transforma o computador em um laboratório matemático, onde se pode executar várias práticas tecnológicas. O estudo sobre o ensino-aprendizagem da geometria e álgebra se configura por meio de uma pesquisa descritiva de caráter exploratório e quase-experimental. O trabalho desvela a realidade empírica por meio da metodologia quali-quantitativa, na qual se coteja os dados e a interface entre as variáveis qualitativas e quantitativas, mediante os princípios do estudo de caso único com apresentação da análise dos dados. Conclui-se que o programa, além de inovador, é bem aceito pelos alunos e professores que se apropriam desta tecnologia para a aquisição de saberes e conhecimentos em matemática e, por via de consequência, da geometria e álgebra. Atualmente, o programa está em grande expansão e bem divulgado em todo no mundo.

The theoretical-empirical thesis deals with the importance of self-assessment and peer assessment for interpreter self-training. The first part is focused on the theoretical foundations of the thesis. First, the thesis covers the question of interpreting quality, its definition, and the assessment of interpreting in interpreter training. The thesis then presents the expertise theory, both in general and in the field of interpreting studies specifically, and provides recommendations by several theoreticians as to how to apply this theory in interpreter training. The next chapter clarifies certain concepts from learning theory that often appear in literature on interpreting didactics. The theoretical part concludes with a presentation of two types of tools that can be used in interpreter self-training, namely e-learning tools and reflective diaries. The empirical part then analyses data collected in two pieces of research. The first of these is a questionnaire research that aims to map the self-training habits of MA interpreting students at the Institute of Translation Studies, Faculty of Arts, Charles University, and to find out whether the students, while self-training, act in line with the expertise theory. The second piece of research is focused on peer feedback that interpreting students give to...