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The study set out to investigate factors influencing the effectiveness of strategic planning processes among local NGOs in Malawi. Employing qualitative methods, the study used the 'levels of complexity' and 'stages of organization development' models to analyze factors influencing the strategic planning process and the roles and responsibilities played by the board, management, donors, consultants and communities respectively in five selected local NGOs. The study revealed that the level of implementation of the strategic plans was low (46%). In comparison, the implementation was lower for organizational capacity building activities as compared to project activities. HIV and AIDS NGOs had higher levels of implementation as compared to their human rights counterparts. The major causes of the low implementation were the local NGOs' inadequate financial independence from donors to respond effectively and autonomously to the needs and priorities of their beneficiaries; and inadequate capacity for the boards, management, donors, consultants and communities to effectively go through the strategic planning process. In order to improve the strategic planning processes among the local NGOs, the study recommends that local NGOs must become less dependent on 'non developmental donor funding' through: • Making themselves and their services more relevant and therefore more needed by both the beneficiaries and the donors, • Developing skills to negotiate with donors for more 'developmental or good quality funding', • Identifying alternative sources of funding while taking care not to be distracted from their core mandate and; • Investing in the 'strategic capacity' of the board, management, donors, consultants and communities to effectively manage the strategic planning process. Finally, the study recommends that in order to ensure effectiveness of the strategic planning processes, literature or theories guiding the strategic planning processes in local NGOs need to provide guidance on the facts that most local NGOs are not financially sustainable, they do not have adequate capacity to effectively manage the strategic planning process and that they often are not accountable to the communities they serve. / Development Studies / D.Litt. et Phil. (Development Studies)

Os catadores de materiais potencialmente recicláveis e reutilizáveis estão presentes na sociedade há muito tempo, muitas vezes vivendo à margem desta que não reconhece o papel importante que desempenham no sentido de preservação ambiental. Sua importância foi reconhecida com a implementação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), tanto nas questões relacionadas a gestão e gerenciamento ambiental, como nas relacionadas com as condições de trabalho. Diante da importância deste profissional para a sociedade e para o ambiente, este estudo teve como objetivos: verificar se a organização dos catadores (em associados e não associados) interfere nas situações e condições de trabalho destes profissionais e; identificar como estão sendo desenvolvidos estudos sobre catadores de resíduos sólidos urbanos nos cursos Stricto Sensu de Engenharia e Ciências Ambientais no Brasil no período de 2001 a 2013. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica que utilizou dados do relatório projeto de extensão intitulado “Projeto Capacitação e Apoio às Atividades dos Catadores Informais do Município de Caxias do Sul” e no projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido pelo Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Políticas Públicas e Sociais, denominado “Atividades Laborais de Catadores de Resíduos Sólidos: impactos na Vida e na Qualidade Ambiental”. A partir dos dados coletados, foram selecionadas algumas variáveis que estão relacionadas às condições socioeconômicas e de trabalho destes profissionais, cujos dados foram apresentados na forma de tabelas e gráficos. Para a identificação do número de dissertações que remetem ao catador, foi feito um levantamento das dissertações publicadas no banco de teses da CAPES. Os resultados mostram que a organização dos catadores em associações resulta em melhora significativa nas situações e condições de trabalho destes profissionais e que estar em associações é importante para melhoria dessas situações e condições de trabalho. Quanto as dissertações, apesar do grande número de trabalhos desenvolvidos na área de engenharia e ciências ambientais que mencionam resíduos sólidos urbanos foi identificado um número pequeno que tem como objeto de estudo o catador, sugerindo-se um incremento em tais estudos. / Submitted by Ana Guimarães Pereira (agpereir@ucs.br) on 2017-01-30T16:10:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Margarete Teresinha Hammes.pdf: 1690735 bytes, checksum: 21c5191cf57d5a2e5c31ce6af03c6c17 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-01-30T16:10:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Margarete Teresinha Hammes.pdf: 1690735 bytes, checksum: 21c5191cf57d5a2e5c31ce6af03c6c17 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-01-30 / The pickers of potentially recyclable and reusable materials are present in society for a long time, often living on the fringes of this that does not recognize the important role they play in the sense of environmental preservation. Its importance was recognized with the implementation of the Brazilian solid waste Policy (PNRS), both on the issues related to management and environmental management in relation to working conditions. Given the importance of this professional to society and the environment, this study had as its objectives: to check if the organisation of collectors (members and nonmembers) interfere in situations and working conditions of these professionals and; identify how studies are being developed on municipal solid wastepickers in Stricto Sensu courses of engineering and Environmental Sciences in Brazil during the period from 2001 to 2013. It is a documentary and bibliographic research using data from the report extension project entitled "capacity-building and Project support for activities of Informal garbage collectors in the city of Caxias do Sul and the research project developed by the Center for studies and research in Public and Social Policies, called" Labour Activities of solid waste pickers: impacts on Life andon Environmental Quality ". From the data collected, we have selected some variables that are related to socio-economic conditions and working of these professionals, whose data were presented in the form of charts and graphs. To identify the number of dissertations which refer to dung, was made a survey of the dissertations published in the Bank of the CAPES. The results show that the Organization of pickers into associations results in significant improvement in the situations and working conditions of these professionals and to be in associations is important for improvement of these situations and work conditions. As the dissertations, despite the large number of works in the area of engineering and environmental sciences that mention municipal solid waste was identified a small number that has as object of study the dung,suggests an increase in such studies.

Orientador: Olinda Maria Noronha / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-10T17:33:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Carvalho_JussaraGallindoMarianode_M.pdf: 1048642 bytes, checksum: 819f2bffc5c4e238f1076b90f421f90e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008 / Resumo: O presente estudo compreende a análise da relação entre educação e trabalho, a partir da investigação da trajetória da Escola Profissional Dom Bosco de Poços de instituição atendeu, prioritariamente, crianças e jovens menos favorecidos e enfocou, em seu processo educativo, a educação pelo trabalho. O objetivo principal da pesquisa é o de compreender a educação relacionada ao trabalho e à transformação da sociedade, em cada período, bem como as relações com a política educacional, em seus direcionamentos para a educação profissional. Uma das questões que orientaram a pesquisa foi: verificar se o "sistema preventivo" de Dom Bosco possui pontos de contato com o "trabalho como princípio educativo" de Gramsci e com os ¿Fundamentos da Escola do Trabalho¿ de Pistrak e, ainda, com a ¿Metodologia para a organização do processo educativo¿ de Makarenko. O estudo procura, a partir do diálogo com as fontes secundárias da historiografia brasileira e com as fontes primárias levantadas na instituição, contribuir para a linha de pesquisa em história da educação brasileira, que trabalha com a História das Instituições Educativas, mais especificamente, no HISTEDBR. A pesquisa está estruturada em quatro capítulos e considerações finais, dando indicativo que as diferentes fundamentações nas propostas educativas estruturadas a partir do binômio trabalho/educação implicam diferentes relações com a transformação da sociedade / Abstract: This study analyzes the relation between education and work, based on na investigation of the history of the Dom Bosco Vocational School in Poços de Caldas, state of Minas Gerais, Brazil, from the beginning of its activities in 1946 until 1970. This institution¿s first priority was to meet the needs of less fortunate children and adolescents and the focus of its educative process was education for work. The main objective of the research is to understand education related to work and the transformation of society, in each period, as well as the relation to educational policies as directed toward vocational education. One of the questions that guided the research was to verify whether the "preventive system" of Dom Bosco has common points with "work as educative principle" of Gramsci and with the "Foundation of the School of Work" of Pistrak and, moreover, with the "Methodology for the organization of the educative process" of Makarenko. The study seeks, beginning with a dialogue with the secondary sources of Brazilian historiography and with the primary sources collected at the institution, to contribute to the line of research in the history of Brazilian education that works with the History of Institutions of Education, specifically, in the HISTEDBR [¿History, Society and Education in Brazil¿ study and research group]. The research is organized in four chapters and final considerations, showing that different presuppositions in educational proposals, whose structure is based on the work/education pair, imply different relations with the transformation of society / Mestrado / Filosofia e História da Educação / Mestre em Educação

Os catadores de materiais potencialmente recicláveis e reutilizáveis estão presentes na sociedade há muito tempo, muitas vezes vivendo à margem desta que não reconhece o papel importante que desempenham no sentido de preservação ambiental. Sua importância foi reconhecida com a implementação da Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos (PNRS), tanto nas questões relacionadas a gestão e gerenciamento ambiental, como nas relacionadas com as condições de trabalho. Diante da importância deste profissional para a sociedade e para o ambiente, este estudo teve como objetivos: verificar se a organização dos catadores (em associados e não associados) interfere nas situações e condições de trabalho destes profissionais e; identificar como estão sendo desenvolvidos estudos sobre catadores de resíduos sólidos urbanos nos cursos Stricto Sensu de Engenharia e Ciências Ambientais no Brasil no período de 2001 a 2013. Trata-se de uma pesquisa documental e bibliográfica que utilizou dados do relatório projeto de extensão intitulado “Projeto Capacitação e Apoio às Atividades dos Catadores Informais do Município de Caxias do Sul” e no projeto de pesquisa desenvolvido pelo Núcleo de Estudos e Pesquisas em Políticas Públicas e Sociais, denominado “Atividades Laborais de Catadores de Resíduos Sólidos: impactos na Vida e na Qualidade Ambiental”. A partir dos dados coletados, foram selecionadas algumas variáveis que estão relacionadas às condições socioeconômicas e de trabalho destes profissionais, cujos dados foram apresentados na forma de tabelas e gráficos. Para a identificação do número de dissertações que remetem ao catador, foi feito um levantamento das dissertações publicadas no banco de teses da CAPES. Os resultados mostram que a organização dos catadores em associações resulta em melhora significativa nas situações e condições de trabalho destes profissionais e que estar em associações é importante para melhoria dessas situações e condições de trabalho. Quanto as dissertações, apesar do grande número de trabalhos desenvolvidos na área de engenharia e ciências ambientais que mencionam resíduos sólidos urbanos foi identificado um número pequeno que tem como objeto de estudo o catador, sugerindo-se um incremento em tais estudos. / The pickers of potentially recyclable and reusable materials are present in society for a long time, often living on the fringes of this that does not recognize the important role they play in the sense of environmental preservation. Its importance was recognized with the implementation of the Brazilian solid waste Policy (PNRS), both on the issues related to management and environmental management in relation to working conditions. Given the importance of this professional to society and the environment, this study had as its objectives: to check if the organisation of collectors (members and nonmembers) interfere in situations and working conditions of these professionals and; identify how studies are being developed on municipal solid wastepickers in Stricto Sensu courses of engineering and Environmental Sciences in Brazil during the period from 2001 to 2013. It is a documentary and bibliographic research using data from the report extension project entitled "capacity-building and Project support for activities of Informal garbage collectors in the city of Caxias do Sul and the research project developed by the Center for studies and research in Public and Social Policies, called" Labour Activities of solid waste pickers: impacts on Life andon Environmental Quality ". From the data collected, we have selected some variables that are related to socio-economic conditions and working of these professionals, whose data were presented in the form of charts and graphs. To identify the number of dissertations which refer to dung, was made a survey of the dissertations published in the Bank of the CAPES. The results show that the Organization of pickers into associations results in significant improvement in the situations and working conditions of these professionals and to be in associations is important for improvement of these situations and work conditions. As the dissertations, despite the large number of works in the area of engineering and environmental sciences that mention municipal solid waste was identified a small number that has as object of study the dung,suggests an increase in such studies.

Orientador: Miguel Juan Bacic / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecanica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-06T16:28:57Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Campos_JorgedePaiva_M.pdf: 4861029 bytes, checksum: f261c5789c45114d334c39f798e08bca (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho é estudar as possíveis formas de organização das pequenas e médias empresas, quando organizadas e articuladas sob a forma de redes de empresas e pólos industriais para a ação conjunta. Investiga-se como se formam, como funcionam, qual a influência das ações conjuntas na competitividade e os fatores restritivos e impulsionadores deste tipo de organização. Entende-se que a junção e organização das várias firmas instaladas numa dada região contribuem para a sua transformação econômica, principalmente quando levam a cabo o propósito inicial de atuar conjuntamente nas várias frentes possíveis. O trabalho apresenta um estudo destacando um projeto prático de ação conjunta aplicados às pequenas e médias empresas, exeqüível e de fácil entendimento. Como destaque, são apresentados os passos necessários para a formação de associações de empresas, o passo inicial para qualquer tipo de atuação conjunta, de acordo com a legislação. Entende-se que a junção das pequenas firmas pode resultar em benefícios para todos os participantes e também para o entorno. Os exemplos dos distritos industriais italianos, as redes de empresas e o trabalho comunitário mostram as vantagens do trabalho associativista / Abstract: The focus of this study is to analyze the possible ways of small and medium companies organization, when organized and articulated as a net of companies and industrials poles for a joined action. This study verifies how the net is created, how it works, what is the influence of the joined actions in the competitively, the restrictive features and what stimulate this kind of organization. It is known that the organization of many companies installed in one region contributes for their economic transformation, mainly when these companies have the initial of purpose acting together in all market areas. This study emphasizes a pratical project based on a joint effort applied to the small and medium companies, of easy understanfing and execution. Distinctively, it presents the necessary steps for the formation of joint ventures, the first necessary step to any kind of joined action, according to the legislation. As a result, the joining of small companies can bring benefits for all participants and also to the region. The example of Italian industrial districts, the nets of companies and the communitarian work show the advantages of the associative work / Mestrado / Gestão da Qualidade Total / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: José Roberto Montes Heloani / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-19T09:35:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ribeiro_SandraFogacaRosa_D.pdf: 7845267 bytes, checksum: a17d0d7e79aeb6e9d02ddb4f2121902c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011 / Resumo: O trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde na Estratégia Saúde da Família é de ordem técnica, no cuidado e na assistência a população e político, na organização da manifestação popular, compreendido como o elo entre a população e a equipe. A especificidade do trabalho do Agente Comunitário de Saúde é permeado por dificuldades no processo de identidade e sofrimento psíquico, identificados em pesquisas anteriores. O referencial teórico foi a Psicologia Social, Psicodinâmica do Trabalho e Saúde Coletiva. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a influência da atividade do Agente Comunitário de Saúde na sua privacidade por morar próximo ao local de trabalho. A metodologia foi de natureza qualitativa, utilizando uma combinação de recursos na coleta de dados: grupo focal e observação participante. De maneira geral, os resultados apontaram alguns pontos de intensificação do desgaste do agente comunitário de saúde, uns diretamente relacionados a perda da privacidade, por morar no território que trabalha, dificilmente contornáveis, pois lidar com o processo saúde-doença de pessoas que fazem parte da convivência diária, às vezes amigos e parentes é uma situação que dificilmente algum manejo técnico dê conta de resolver. Outros, como a falta de espaço para discutir os casos atendidos, desvalorização, poderiam ser minimizados por meio de mudanças na gestão e formação permanente. / Abstract: The Community Health Agent?s work in the Family Health Strategy is technical, in the care and assistance to population and political organization in the popular demonstration, understood as the relationship between the community and staff. The specificity of the Agent?s work is permeated by difficulties in the process of identity and psychic suffering, identified in previous researches. The theoretical framework was the Social Psychology, Work?s Psychotherapy and Collective Health. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of the activity of the Community Health Agent in your privacy by living around workplace. The methodology was qualitative, using a combination of resources in data collection: focus groups and participant observation. Overall, the results indicated some points of increased wear of the Community Health Agent , some directly related to loss of privacy, living in the territory that works, hardly manageable because dealing with the health-disease process of people who living daily, sometimes friends and relatives, is a situation that hardly any technical account management get resolve. Others, such as lack of space to discuss the cases treated, devaluation, could be minimized through changes in management and continuing education. / Doutorado / Politicas, Administração e Sistemas Educacionais / Doutor em Educação

Orientador: Bruno Wilheilm Speck / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-22T08:20:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Coelho_RonyGleisondaSilva_M.pdf: 5271912 bytes, checksum: 2875209e55dcdd1392a076176af55d9c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta pesquisa trata dos atores, iniciativas e processos envolvidos na concepção de legislação participativa implícita no referencial empírico trabalhado nesta dissertação, a Comissão Permanente de Legislação Participativa da Câmara dos Deputados (CLP). Comissões permanentes são órgãos colegiados, compostos por deputados, integrantes do processo legislativo, que têm por finalidade apreciar os assuntos ou proposições submetidos ao seu exame e sobre eles deliberar. Com efeito, foi atribuída à CLP, como principal competência, a capacidade de i) receber diversos tipos de sugestões legislativas - leia-se, de iniciativas - oriundas de associações civis legalmente constituídas; ii) deliberar sobre as sugestões acatadas, manifestando-se por meio de parecer; iii) encaminhar as sugestões de iniciativas de leis aprovadas para iniciarem a tramitação no processo legislativo. A investigação procurou responder, por um lado, qual a capacidade do mecanismo de incluir iniciativas de lei no processo legislativo. Por outro lado, elaboramos uma discussão, sem pretender uma análise exaustiva, sobre um dos possíveis efeitos do modelo institucional do mecanismo em ter credenciado organizações civis para proporem iniciativas de lei no âmbito federal. Os resultados em relação ao primeiro ponto sinalizam para uma real e alta capacidade de inclusão de iniciativas no processo legislativo. Porém, ao iniciarem a tramitação, essas iniciativas encontram uma série de entraves que escapam à alçada da comissão e que se inserem em um problema maior, da relação entre legislativo e executivo mesmo no que diz respeito à produção legislativa no Congresso. Em relação ao segundo ponto, a discussão levantada sugere que organizações civis estão a exercer função de representação no lócus que, por excelência, é o da representação política tradicional. Ademais, e anterior a essas discussões, intentamos fornecer interpretações analíticas sobre o surgimento de um mecanismo como a CLP no interior do processo legislativo. Para tanto, observou-se, em meio a uma recente onda de reformas institucionais, possíveis processos de abertura das instituições tradicionais mundo afora; além de um contexto nacional de crescente proliferação das chamadas instituições participativas / Abstract: This research deals with the actors, initiatives and processes involved in the concept of participatory legislation implicit in empirical referential used in this dissertation, the Standing Committee of Participatory Legislation the House of Representatives. Standing committees are collegiate bodies, composed of deputies, members of the legislative process, which aim to analyses the issues or proposals submitted for its examination and deliberate on them. Indeed, it was attributed to CLP, as major competence, the ability to i) receive various types of legislative suggestions, in other words, initiatives, deriving from civil associations legally constituted ii) deliberate on the suggestions accepted, manifesting by through sight iii) submit the initiatives of laws suggestions approved to started the conduct in the legislative process. The research sought to answer the one hand, which include the ability of the mechanism of law initiatives in the legislative process. Moreover, we intended discuss, without attempting an exhaustive analysis about the possible effects on a model institutional of mechanism having allowed civil organizations to propose initiatives under federal law. The results from the first topic point to a real and high capacity inclusion initiatives in the legislative process. However, as they start the conduct in the legislative process a great number of obstacles are found, that cannot be misled by CLP and part of a bigger problem, of relationship between the legislative an executive powers even as regards the legislative production in Congress. Regarding the second topic, the raised discussion suggests that civil organizations seem to be exerting the function of representation that locus par excellence is the one of traditional political representation. Moreover, prior to those discussions, we seek analytic interpretations about the emergence of a mechanism like the CLP within the legislative process, noting, amid a recent wave of institutional reforms, opening processes of traditional institutions, worldwide, plus a national context of growing proliferation of so-called participatory institutions / Mestrado / Ciencia Politica / Mestre em Ciência Política

Comme le titre l’indique, cette recherche contribue à une étude de l’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance des organisations, celles-ci pouvant être perçues comme des institutions ou des entreprises. Deux parties sont développées au cours de cette étude :une partie qui explore les concepts, les notions, les théories et les méthodes ;une deuxième qui concerne différentes études empiriques au travers d’une analyse de contenu, d’analyses factorielles, typologiques et binaires classiques.<p><p>Dans la première partie, le premier chapitre est consacré, après une introduction particulièrement réservée à la définition du concept d’institutionnalisation, à la description de ce que l’on entend par « organisation ». Le deuxième chapitre rassemble une bibliographie sur le concept de pouvoir ;tandis que le troisième interroge les finalités des organisations (et du pouvoir de celles-ci). Le quatrième chapitre, qui présente un statut particulier, explore la littérature sur le concept de gouvernance (des organisations). C’est au cours de ce chapitre que l’on analyse la relation qui existe entre les notions de pouvoir et de gouvernance. Le cinquième et dernier chapitre de cette première partie est consacré à la méthodologie. Il constitue un trait d’union entre la première partie dite théorique et la deuxième partie dite empirique, dans le sens où il mobilise et décrit les méthodes et techniques d’analyse empruntées lors des différentes études menées. <p><p>Cette deuxième partie se fonde sur une analyse de la perception du discours sur la gouvernance au travers d’une analyse de contenu de certains documents (textes) de référence en matière de gouvernance (dont le discours contribue à l’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance) et des analyses statistiques à l’aide d’un questionnaire. Quatre études sont principalement menées. La première consiste en une analyse de contenu des chartes de gouvernance des entreprises du Bel 20, l’objectif étant de voir comment se structure le discours porté par ces documents :les résultats montrent qu’il existe un lien d’ancrage entre le contenu du discours de ces chartes et celui du code belge de gouvernance auquel ces entreprises déclarent adhérer. Lors de la deuxième étude, des interviews sont menées pour comprendre comment se sont déroulées la rédaction et la publication de ces documents de référence. Dans le but de vérifier s’il existe (ou non) une institutionnalisation de la gouvernance (et du discours sur celle-ci), une autre analyse de contenu des chartes et codes belges de gouvernance est réalisée (troisième étude). Elle consiste en une analyse de traces, d’indices et d’indicateurs (de cette institutionnalisation) dans deux chartes (de l’entreprise Befimmo) et deux codes belges de gouvernance (ceux de 2004 et 2009). Les résultats montrent qu’il existe une tendance d’institutionnalisation de la gouvernance et du discours sur celle-ci au travers de l’évolution des facteurs psychologiques repérés dans ces documents. Parallèlement, cette étude révèle qu’il y a institutionnalisation de ce discours par la loi (notamment les lois récentes qui règlent certaines matières relevant de la gouvernance). <p><p>Pour clore cette recherche, une quatrième étude est réalisée sur la base d’un questionnaire (analyses statistiques). Elle vise à comprendre la structuration de la perception de ce discours sur la gouvernance au sein d’une catégorie d’acteurs, à savoir les étudiants de l’Université Libre de Bruxelles, futurs acteurs des organisations. Il s’agit d’une étude de cas :six cas en l’occurrence. L’objectif est de tenter de récolter des types de perceptions possibles et observer comment se structurent celles-ci. L’analyse des résultats montre in fine que le discours sur la gouvernance est davantage perçu (par une grande partie d’étudiants) comme un mode de gestion qui privilégie les mécanismes informels sous-tendant la négociation, la coopération, le dialogue… Par ailleurs, dans l’ensemble, les résultats de l’étude suggèrent l’existence d’une institutionnalisation de la gouvernance à travers le discours sur la gouvernance (lois, chartes, codes de gouvernance…) et la perception de celle-ci. Ce discours prône moins de mécanismes formels et plus de mécanismes informels ;d’où le pouvoir institutionnel sous-tendu par les premiers doit être redéfini ou réinventé. Cette institutionnalisation présente alors un impact sur le pouvoir (des organisations) ;d’où elle doit être mieux étudiée et mieux gérée afin de favoriser leur adaptation. <p><p>Summary :<p><p>As suggested by the title, this research contributes to a study of the institutionalization of the governance of organizations, institutions or enterprises. Two parts are developed :the first one explores the concepts, notions, theories and methods ;the second one concerns various studies through content analysis, factor analysis, typological analysis and classic binary analysis. <p><p>In the first part, the first chapter, after an introduction dedicated to the definition of the concept of institutionalization, is concerned with the description of what ‘organization’ meant. A second chapter contains literature about the concept of power, while the third one questions the goals or finalities of the organizations (and their power). The fourth chapter, which has a particular status, explores the literature covering the concept of governance (of organizations). We analyze in this chapter the relationship between the notions of power and governance. The fifth and last chapter of this first part is devoted to the methodology. It is a hyphen between the first part called theoretical and the second part called empirical, in the sense that it mobilizes and describes the methods and analytical techniques used in the various realized studies. <p><p>The second part is based on an analysis of the perception of discourse on governance through a content analysis of some reference’documents (texts) for governance (including the discourse that contributes to the institutionalization of governance) and a statistical analysis displaying a questionnaire. Four studies are carried out. The first one consists in a content analysis of corporate charters of the enterprises of Bel 20. The aim is to see how is structured the discourse supported by these documents. The results show an ‘anchorage’ link between the content discourse of these charters and the content discourse of belgian corporate governance to which these companies declare their allegiance. In the second study, interviews are conducted to understand how the writing and publication of these reference’documents were realized. In order to check if the institutionalization of governance (and discourse about it) exists (or not), another content analysis of charters and belgian governance codes is achieved (third study). It consists in the study of the trace, indices and indicators analysis (about this institutionalization) in two charters (company Befimmo) and two belgian governance codes (those of 2004 and 2009). The results show a tendency to institutionalize governance and discourse on it through the development of psychological factors identified in these documents. At the same time, this study reveals the institutionalization of this discourse by the law (including recent laws that regulate certain matters of governance). <p><p>To close this research, a fourth study is proposed on the basis of a questionnaire (statistical analysis). It aims to understand the structure of the perception of the discourse on governance within a category of actors, namely students at Free University of Brussels (ULB), future organizations’actors. It is takes the form of a case study :six cases. The goal of this study is to try to collect the possible perceptions and observe how they are structured. The analysis shows that ultimately the discourse on governance is more perceived (by a majority of students) as a management approach that focuses on informal mechanisms underlying the negociation, cooperation, dialogue… Moreover, in the overall, the results of this study suggest the existence of an institutionalization of governance through the discourse on governance (laws, charters, governance codes…) and the perception of it. This discourse advocates less formal and more informal mechanisms ;hence the institutional power underpined by the formal mechanisms must be redefined or reinvented. This institutionalization presents then an impact on the power of organizations ;hence it must be better investigated and managed to promote their adaptation. <p><p><p><p><p> / Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / This study examines the essential features of women’s experiences as members of a service association. It uses a qualitative method to understand how women make meaning from their membership in an all-female association and a mixed-gender association. The experiences were examined in comparative contexts. The study finds three common features in each association: joining, volunteering, and leading. In the mixed-gender association, women also experienced a process of assimilating into membership activities. The study provides scholars and association practitioners insights into the complex blend of members’ personal and professional interests with implications for membership recruitment and retention.