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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Antistatische Ausrüstung von duroplastischen Kunststoffen

Szabang, Katrin 02 September 2013 (has links) (PDF)
Da Kunststoffe im Allgemeinen einen spezifischen Oberflächenwiderstand von >10E12 Ω besitzen, müssen die Materialien zur Vermeidung von elektrostatischen Aufladungen bei Bauelementen der Elektroindustrie antistatisch ausgerüstet werden. Durch elektrostatische Aufladungen können die Bauelemente eine Beeinträchtigung ihrer Funktion erfahren und Personen gefährden. Weiterhin ermöglicht die Absenkung des spezifischen Oberflächenwiderstandes eine elektrostatische (Pulver-)Lackierung. Für die Herstellung von Kunststoffen mit kleinem spezifischen Durchgangswiderstand ist der Zusatz von leitenden Substanzen, wie z. B: Leitfähigkeitsruß, Graphit, Eisenoxid-, Kupfer- oder Aluminiumteilchen, metallisierte Glasfasern oder –kugeln, Edelstahlfasern oder Kohlenstofffasern, üblich. Die Substanzen werden dabei physikalisch in die Polymermatrix eingemischt. Je höher der Volumenanteil der Additive für die benötigte Ableitfähigkeit bezogen auf die Gesamtrezeptur ist, desto größer ist jedoch auch der Einfluss dieser Additive auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften in Relation zum unadditivierten Ausgangsmaterial. Unterschiedliche Polaritäten und Oberflächenspannungen von Additiv und Matrix bedingen zudem Probleme bei der Homogenisierung der Additive in der Matrix. Eine homogene Verteilung über das Volumen ist jedoch Voraussetzung dafür mit möglichst wenig Additiv die Perkolationsschwelle zu erreichen. Aus dieser Sicht hat sich eine reaktive Ankopplung von leitfähigen Gruppen an Matrix- oder sonstige geeignete Rezepturbestandteile in der Vergangenheit, z.B. für MDF, als erfolgreicher Weg erwiesen. Ziel war es, dieses Konzept auf duroplastische Kunststoffe zu übertragen und dessen spezifischen Oberflächenwiderstand von >10E12 Ω abzusenken. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollten die Materialien SMC (Sheet molding compound) und Epoxidharzlaminate eine antistatische Ausrüstung erhalten.
2

Fundamental investigations on the barrier effect of polyester micro fiber fabrics towards particle-loaded liquids induced by surface hydrophobization

Islam, Md. Nazirul 06 November 2004 (has links) (PDF)
As the title implies, the chief goal of the present work is the improvement of the barrier effects of textile fabrics in the medical sector, in particular, in the operating room, which would be an effective safeguard against the causative pathogens allowing the health workers to work in and around hostile atmospheres and to accomplish useful tasks. To overcome the inherent drawbacks of surgical gown from classical fibers of both natural and synthetic origins, polyester micro filament fabric, down to 0.62 dtex per filament, was used to substitute them. Two major pathways have been chosen to render the surface hydrophobic: - Wet-chemical treatment - Plasma modification For the maximum efficiency of a specific wet-chemical, the following application formulations were found to be best effective: pH =4-5 Drying temperature and time=100°C / 90s Pick-up = 80% Curing temperature and time= 160°C / 120s A range of physical and chemical parameters have been found exerting significant influence on the extent of modification of the material: - Wetting agent - Amount of fluorine content in the chemical - Subsequent heat treatment of the finished material after washing - Ironing of the fabric For the plasma enhanced surface fluorination the following plasma gases were used: - Saturated fluorine compounds: CF4 and C2F6 - Reducing agent: H2 and C2H4 The exposure of the substrate to a pure C2F6 discharge resulted in higher hydrophobicity than the substrates exposed to CF4 plasma. Stepwise increased mixture of H2 or C2H4 to a proportionally decreased amount of C2F6 plasma showed a gradual decrease in contact angle and a substantial increase in sliding angle values. In addition to the treatments with gas mixtures a two-step technique, i.e., treatment with C2H4 prior to C2F6 plasma, was applied that appeared to be very promising in modifying the surface characteristics. Both, the contact angles and the sliding angles remaining almost constant on a very high level with increasing amount of C2H4 in the feed composition. An essentially vital concern of the work was the characterization of the treatment effect comprising both physical and chemical aspects. By washing the materials for 20 times no significant impairment of hydrophobic character has been noticed in case of fluorocarbon finishing agents as well as by the surface treated with C2H4 followed by C2F6 plasma (i.e., a two-step technique), wherein a complete loss of hydrophobic effect washing the silicone-treated materials for 10 times was observed. In breathability aspect, the plasma modification was found to be the best-suited technique with zero reduction of air permeability in comparison to wet-chemical finishing. The barrier test as a measure of dye absorption was conducted using protein solution, synthetic and human blood and the efficiency were verified by colorimetric technique. In contrast to pure plasma treatments, modification of the fabric with plasma in two-step treatment as well as with wet-finishing method using fluorocarbon compounds were completely impervious to artificial and real blood. The most striking feature was the zero uptake of the protein solution by all treated surfaces.
3

Antistatische Ausrüstung von duroplastischen Kunststoffen

Szabang, Katrin 13 August 2013 (has links)
Da Kunststoffe im Allgemeinen einen spezifischen Oberflächenwiderstand von >10E12 Ω besitzen, müssen die Materialien zur Vermeidung von elektrostatischen Aufladungen bei Bauelementen der Elektroindustrie antistatisch ausgerüstet werden. Durch elektrostatische Aufladungen können die Bauelemente eine Beeinträchtigung ihrer Funktion erfahren und Personen gefährden. Weiterhin ermöglicht die Absenkung des spezifischen Oberflächenwiderstandes eine elektrostatische (Pulver-)Lackierung. Für die Herstellung von Kunststoffen mit kleinem spezifischen Durchgangswiderstand ist der Zusatz von leitenden Substanzen, wie z. B: Leitfähigkeitsruß, Graphit, Eisenoxid-, Kupfer- oder Aluminiumteilchen, metallisierte Glasfasern oder –kugeln, Edelstahlfasern oder Kohlenstofffasern, üblich. Die Substanzen werden dabei physikalisch in die Polymermatrix eingemischt. Je höher der Volumenanteil der Additive für die benötigte Ableitfähigkeit bezogen auf die Gesamtrezeptur ist, desto größer ist jedoch auch der Einfluss dieser Additive auf die mechanischen Eigenschaften in Relation zum unadditivierten Ausgangsmaterial. Unterschiedliche Polaritäten und Oberflächenspannungen von Additiv und Matrix bedingen zudem Probleme bei der Homogenisierung der Additive in der Matrix. Eine homogene Verteilung über das Volumen ist jedoch Voraussetzung dafür mit möglichst wenig Additiv die Perkolationsschwelle zu erreichen. Aus dieser Sicht hat sich eine reaktive Ankopplung von leitfähigen Gruppen an Matrix- oder sonstige geeignete Rezepturbestandteile in der Vergangenheit, z.B. für MDF, als erfolgreicher Weg erwiesen. Ziel war es, dieses Konzept auf duroplastische Kunststoffe zu übertragen und dessen spezifischen Oberflächenwiderstand von >10E12 Ω abzusenken. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit sollten die Materialien SMC (Sheet molding compound) und Epoxidharzlaminate eine antistatische Ausrüstung erhalten.
4

Die Belastung und Belastbarkeit von Schwimmtauchern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Konfiguration der Ausrüstung sowie des passiven und dynamischen Widerstands - dargestellt anhand von objektivierenden Untersuchungsmethoden / Energetics and endurance of swimming divers, with special consideration of the equipment configuration and of the active and passive drag established by objectifiable test methods

Droste, Thomas 13 January 2005 (has links)
No description available.
5

Fundamental investigations on the barrier effect of polyester micro fiber fabrics towards particle-loaded liquids induced by surface hydrophobization

Islam, Md. Nazirul 30 November 2004 (has links)
As the title implies, the chief goal of the present work is the improvement of the barrier effects of textile fabrics in the medical sector, in particular, in the operating room, which would be an effective safeguard against the causative pathogens allowing the health workers to work in and around hostile atmospheres and to accomplish useful tasks. To overcome the inherent drawbacks of surgical gown from classical fibers of both natural and synthetic origins, polyester micro filament fabric, down to 0.62 dtex per filament, was used to substitute them. Two major pathways have been chosen to render the surface hydrophobic: - Wet-chemical treatment - Plasma modification For the maximum efficiency of a specific wet-chemical, the following application formulations were found to be best effective: pH =4-5 Drying temperature and time=100°C / 90s Pick-up = 80% Curing temperature and time= 160°C / 120s A range of physical and chemical parameters have been found exerting significant influence on the extent of modification of the material: - Wetting agent - Amount of fluorine content in the chemical - Subsequent heat treatment of the finished material after washing - Ironing of the fabric For the plasma enhanced surface fluorination the following plasma gases were used: - Saturated fluorine compounds: CF4 and C2F6 - Reducing agent: H2 and C2H4 The exposure of the substrate to a pure C2F6 discharge resulted in higher hydrophobicity than the substrates exposed to CF4 plasma. Stepwise increased mixture of H2 or C2H4 to a proportionally decreased amount of C2F6 plasma showed a gradual decrease in contact angle and a substantial increase in sliding angle values. In addition to the treatments with gas mixtures a two-step technique, i.e., treatment with C2H4 prior to C2F6 plasma, was applied that appeared to be very promising in modifying the surface characteristics. Both, the contact angles and the sliding angles remaining almost constant on a very high level with increasing amount of C2H4 in the feed composition. An essentially vital concern of the work was the characterization of the treatment effect comprising both physical and chemical aspects. By washing the materials for 20 times no significant impairment of hydrophobic character has been noticed in case of fluorocarbon finishing agents as well as by the surface treated with C2H4 followed by C2F6 plasma (i.e., a two-step technique), wherein a complete loss of hydrophobic effect washing the silicone-treated materials for 10 times was observed. In breathability aspect, the plasma modification was found to be the best-suited technique with zero reduction of air permeability in comparison to wet-chemical finishing. The barrier test as a measure of dye absorption was conducted using protein solution, synthetic and human blood and the efficiency were verified by colorimetric technique. In contrast to pure plasma treatments, modification of the fabric with plasma in two-step treatment as well as with wet-finishing method using fluorocarbon compounds were completely impervious to artificial and real blood. The most striking feature was the zero uptake of the protein solution by all treated surfaces.

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