Le peptide Tat est un des "cell penetrating peptides" (CPP) les plus utilisés pour l'internalisation cellulaire de diverses molécules cargos. La molécule chimérique (Tat-cargo) induit une réponse biologique plus efficace comparée au cargo seul. Cependant, en marquant le peptide Tat à l'iode 125, il a été déterminé que seulement moins de 1 % de la quantité initiale de peptide est internalisé. Il y a donc une opportunité d'augmenter l'efficacité de cette internalisation. L'étape cruciale du processus d'internalisation est le passage transmembranaire. Cette thèse présente l'évaluation de l'impact d'un groupement hydrophobe intégré en différentes positions au peptide Tat, afin de favoriser son interaction avec la membrane. Un acide aminé modifié chimiquement comportant un groupement cholestéryle a été développé dans ce sens. Cet aminoacide peut être intégré en toute position du peptide Tat. Différentes positions au sein du peptide Tat ont été cholestérylées et l'effet sur le taux d'internalisation a été étudié par cytométrie en flux et par comptage suite au radiomarquage des peptides à l'iode 125.L'ajout de cholestérol en position centrale du peptide Tat induit une efficacité d'internalisation supérieure d'un facteur 30 alors qu'une augmentation moindre est observée suite à l'ajout du groupement hydrophobe en positions latérales, N- ou C-terminale. / The Tat peptide is one of the most used cell penetrating peptides for internalizing various cargo molecules into cells. The chimaeric molecule thus triggers an efficient cellular biological response when compared with the cargo molecule alone. However, following labeling of the Tat peptide with radiolabeled iodine, less than 1% of the external peptide was internalized. Therefore, there is an opportunity to improve the level of CPP internalization. The ultimate step is the crossing through the plasma membrane. This thesis presents an evaluation of the impact of a hydrophobic group incorporated at different positions to Tat peptide, to promote its interaction with the membrane.A chemically modified amino acid comprising a cholesteryl group was developed in this direction. This amino acid can be inserted at any position within the Tat peptide. Different positions within the Tat peptide were cholesterylated and the effect on the internalization rate of Tat CPP was investigated by flow cytometry and by counting following the radiolabeling of peptides with iodine 125.The addition of cholesterol in the central position of the peptide Tat induces internalization efficiency than a factor of 30 while a smaller increase was observed after the addition of hydrophobic group in lateral positions, N-or C-terminus.

Les fibres naturelles telles que le coton et le lin sont utilisées depuis longtemps dans l'industrie textile. De plus, elles prennent de plus en plus d'importance dans l'industrie des composites comme substituants des fibres de verre, de carbone ou d'aramide. Cependant, les fibres naturelles doivent être modifiées pour surmonter certains inconvénients tels que l'inflammabilité, l'hydrophilie et l'oléophilie. Dans ce travail, les retardateurs de flamme (RF) phosphorés et fluoro-phosphorés sont greffés par bombardement électronique et par modification chimique sur des tissus de lin afin d’améliorer leur comportement au feu, l’hydrophobicité et l’oléophobie. L'effet de la composition chimique sur le greffage a été également évalué en utilisant des fibres de miscanthus comparativement aux tissus de lin. La réactivité de la double liaison C = C des monomères phosphorés est étudiée pour contrôler l’efficacité de greffage de différents RF. Les étapes du radiogreffage sont étudiées et contrôlées. L'efficacité de greffage a été évaluée par fluorescence X et analyse par rayons X à dispersion d'énergie (EDS) / microscopie électronique à balayage (SEM). La résonance magnétique nucléaire du proton est utilisée pour analyser l'effet de l'irradiation sur les différents monomères. Le comportement au feu des tissus modifiés est étudié en utilisant l’analyse thermogravimétrique, la microcalorimétrie de combustion, cône calorimètre et un test au feu préliminaire. Des tissus ignifuges et oléophobes ont été développés avec succès. / Many natural fibers have been used for a long time in textile industry as cotton and flax. Moreover, natural fibers are getting more importance in composites industry as a substitute for glass, carbon, or aramid fibers. However, they must be modified to overcome some disadvantages such as flammability, hydrophilicity and oleophilicity. In this work, phosphorus and fluoro-phosphorus flame retardants were grafted by e-beam radiation and chemical modification on flax fabrics to improve their flame retardancy, hydrophobicity and oleophobicity. The effect of chemical composition on grafting were also evaluated using miscanthus fibers in comparison to flax fabrics. The reactivity of the double bond C=C of the P-monomers was studied to control the grafting yield of various FRs. Radiation grafting steps were studied and controlled carefully. Grafting efficiency was assessed by X-ray fluorescence and Energy Dispersive X-Ray Analysis (EDX) / Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Proton nuclear magnetic resonance was used to analyze the effect of irradiation on different monomers. Fire behavior of the modified fabrics was studied using thermogravimetric analysis, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry, cone calorimetry and a preliminary fire test. Flame retardant and oleophobic fabrics were successfully developed.

One of the most widespread causes of building deterioration is high moisture, which in extreme cases may even arrive as floods. The action of high moisture in a structure often results in damage or alteration of properties, but it can be mitigated with various protective measures, most commonly waterproofing. However, the efficacy of waterproofing depends of flawless implementation. Another effective form of protection against high moisture is the correct choice of location, but the number of suitable construction plots is rapidly decreasing or their price is too high. This is why new construction, particularly family homes, now occurs even in locations known for the increased risk of high moisture. This doctoral thesis focuses on the research and development of the most common masonry systems with structural clay tiles designed to withstand application in flood areas thanks to the special properties of the individual elements, components, and the system as a whole.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:42:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 GolberyHL_DISSERT.pdf: 2464917 bytes, checksum: 6b60a21d93303b984fd3d1615e88b055 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-29 / Among the various layered silicates, vermiculite has been used as one of the adsorbent material by presenting the ion exchange capacity which facilitates the removal of organic compounds which are potential pollutants in relation to the water surface. The importance of the modification of clay minerals by hydrophobization with carnauba wax establishes the increase in oil removal capacity in aqueous medium, it contributes to a better environment for life in ecosystems. The vermiculite when expanded decreases its hydrophobicity requiring the use of a hydrophobizing leaving - the organoclay. In this work were used in the process of modifying the particle sizes of vermiculite -18+16, -16 +20 and -20 +35 #. Samples of vermiculite hydrophobized with carnauba wax and clay mineral without hydrophobizing were characterized with physicochemical analyzes and analytical. Techniques were used: thermal analysis (thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry), infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, fluorescence rays - x adsorption tests. The TG / DTG was used to evaluate the thermal behavior of expanded vermiculite and carnauba wax and samples hidrofobizadas with percentages of 5, 10 and 15 % by weight of hydrophobizing. The results of FTIR confirmed increase of the characteristic signs of carnauba wax in samples hidrofobizadas as the greatest amount of hydrophobizing the clay mineral used in hydrophobization. Thermogravimetry and FTIR show based on the results that coating the surface of the vermiculite occur homogeneously. The data obtained by the technique of x-ray fluorescence with loss on ignition confirmed the results of thermogravimetric analysis in relation to the percentage of wax incorporated. The fluorescence indicates through information provided by the analysis shows that the material covered - is homogeneous. The mev inspection was used to texture and morphology of the clay mineral with and without carnauba wax. The scanning electron microscopy confirms the deposition of wax evenly over the surface of the mineral as indicated by the other techniques. To verify the adsorption capacity of the clay without hydrophobizing hydrophobized and used a fixed volume of water to 1 ? liters in each experiment with 3 g to 50 g of oil sample. The results show that better extraction of oil for the material processed corresponds to 260 % relative to the weight of the sample coated and greater than 80 % of the oil drop in the system / Dentre os v?rios silicatos em camadas, a vermiculita tem sido uma das mais empregadas como material adsorvente por apresentar a capacidade de troca i?nica o que facilita na remo??o de compostos org?nicos que s?o poluentes em potencial no que se refere a superf?cies das ?guas. A import?ncia da modifica??o do argilomineral atrav?s da hidrofobiza??o com a cera de carna?ba estabelece o aumento na capacidade de remo??o de ?leo no meio aquoso, isso contribui para um ambiente mais prop?cio para a vida nos ecossistemas. A vermiculita quando expandida diminui a sua capacidade hidrof?bica sendo necess?ria a utiliza??o de um hidrofobizante deixando-a organof?lica. Neste trabalho foram utilizadas no processo de modifica??o da vermiculita as faixas granulom?tricas de -8+16, -16+20 e -20+35 #. As amostras de vermiculita hidrofobizada com cera de carna?ba e do argilomineral sem o hidrofobizante foram caracterizadas com an?lises qu?micas e f?sico-qu?micas. Foram utilizadas as t?cnicas: an?lise t?rmica (termogravimetria e termogravimetria derivada), espectroscopia no infravermelho, microscopia eletr?nica de varredura, fluoresc?ncia de raios-x e testes de adsor??o. A TG/DTG foi utilizada para avaliar o comportamento t?rmico da vermiculita expandida da cera de carna?ba e das amostras hidrofobizadas com porcentagens de 5, 10 e 15 % em massa do hidrofobizante. Os resultados de FTIR constataram o aumento dos sinais caracter?sticos da cera de carna?ba nas amostras hidrofobizadas conforme a maior quantidade de hidrofobizante. A termogravimetria e o FTIR mostraram com base nos resultados obtidos que o recobrimento da superf?cie da vermiculita ocorreu de forma homog?nea. Os dados obtidos pela t?cnica de fluoresc?ncia de raios-x com perda ao fogo comprovaram os resultados das an?lises termogravim?tricas em rela??o aos percentuais de cera incorporados. A fluoresc?ncia indicou atrav?s das informa??es fornecidas pelas an?lises que o material recoberto apresentou-se homog?neo. A MEV foi utilizada para inspe??o da textura e morfologia do argilomineral com e sem a cera de carna?ba. A microscopia eletr?nica de varredura reafirmou a deposi??o da cera de forma homog?nea sobre a superf?cie do mineral como indicavam as outras t?cnicas. Para verificar a capacidade de adsor??o da argila sem o hidrofobizante e hidrofobizada foi utilizado um volume de ?gua fixo de 1 ? litro em cada experimento com 3 g de ?leo para 50 g de amostra. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a melhor extra??o de ?leo pelo material transformado corresponde a 260 % em rela??o ? massa da amostra recoberta e maior que 80% do ?leo suspenso no sistema

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:41:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 HialeYSS_DISSERT.pdf: 3935527 bytes, checksum: 49a917d8f6b548b50f34324737a29f0a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-21 / In this work, expanded perlite, a mineral clay, consisting of SiO2 and Al2O3 in the proportions of 72.1 and 18.5%, respectively, was used as an adsorbent for oil in its pure expanded form as well as hydrofobized with linseed oil. Thermogravimetry (TG), Derivative Thermogravimetry (DTG) and Differential Thermal Analysis (DTA) were used to study the thermal behavior and quantify the percent adsorption of perlite in differents processes comparing the results with the ones obtained using Gravimetric Analysis. In the process of hydrophobization with linseed oil granulometric fractions > 20, 20-32 and 32-60 mesh were used and adsorption tests with crude oil were performed in triplicate at room temperature. The results obtained by TG/DTG in dynamic atmosphere of air showed mass losses in a single step for the expanded perlite with pure adsorbed oil, indicating that the adsorption of oil was limited and that the particle size did not in this process. Linseed oil has performed well as an agent of hydrophobized perlite (32 to 60 mesh) indicating a maximum percentage of 59.9% and 68.6% the linseed with a fraction range from considering the data obtained by thermogravimetry and Gravimetry, respectively. The adsorption of oil in the expanded perlite and hydrofobized pure perlite with linseed oil did not produce good results, characterizing an increase of 0.5 to 4.6% in pure perlite and 3.3% in hydrofobized perlite with granulometric 32 to 60 mesh / Nesse trabalho a perlita expandida, um argilomineral, constitu?do de SiO2 e Al2O3 nas propor??es de 72,1 e 18,5%, respectivamente foi utilizada como adsorvente para petr?leo na sua forma pura expandida como tamb?m hidrofobizada com ?leo de linha?a. Para isso, utilizou-se a Termogravimetria (TG), a Termogravimetria Derivada (DTG) e a An?lise T?rmica Diferencial (DTA) para estudar o comportamento t?rmico e verificar o percentual de adsor??o da perlita nos processos utilizados, em compara??o com a An?lise Gravim?trica. No processo de hidrofobiza??o com o ?leo de linha?a utilizou-se as fra??es > 20, 20 a 32 e 32 a 60 mesh e os testes de adsor??o com o petr?leo bruto foram realizados em triplicata em temperatura ambiente. Os resultados obtidos por TG/DTG em atmosfera din?mica de ar mostraram perdas de massa em uma ?nica etapa para a perlita expandida pura adsorvida com petr?leo, indicando que a adsor??o de petr?leo foi limitada e que a granulometria n?o interferiu nesse processo. O ?leo de linha?a apresentou bons resultados como agente hidrofobizante da perlita indicando um percentual m?ximo de 59,9% e 68,6% de linha?a na fra??o de 32 a 60 mesh considerando os dados obtidos por Termogravimetria e Gravimetria, respectivamente. A adsor??o do petr?leo na perlita pura expandida e na perlita hidrofobizada com ?leo de linha?a n?o apresentou bons resultados, caracterizando um aumento de 0,5 a 4,6% na perlita pura e 3,3 % na perlita hidrofobizada de 32 a 60 mesh

As the title implies, the chief goal of the present work is the improvement of the barrier effects of textile fabrics in the medical sector, in particular, in the operating room, which would be an effective safeguard against the causative pathogens allowing the health workers to work in and around hostile atmospheres and to accomplish useful tasks. To overcome the inherent drawbacks of surgical gown from classical fibers of both natural and synthetic origins, polyester micro filament fabric, down to 0.62 dtex per filament, was used to substitute them. Two major pathways have been chosen to render the surface hydrophobic: - Wet-chemical treatment - Plasma modification For the maximum efficiency of a specific wet-chemical, the following application formulations were found to be best effective: pH =4-5 Drying temperature and time=100°C / 90s Pick-up = 80% Curing temperature and time= 160°C / 120s A range of physical and chemical parameters have been found exerting significant influence on the extent of modification of the material: - Wetting agent - Amount of fluorine content in the chemical - Subsequent heat treatment of the finished material after washing - Ironing of the fabric For the plasma enhanced surface fluorination the following plasma gases were used: - Saturated fluorine compounds: CF4 and C2F6 - Reducing agent: H2 and C2H4 The exposure of the substrate to a pure C2F6 discharge resulted in higher hydrophobicity than the substrates exposed to CF4 plasma. Stepwise increased mixture of H2 or C2H4 to a proportionally decreased amount of C2F6 plasma showed a gradual decrease in contact angle and a substantial increase in sliding angle values. In addition to the treatments with gas mixtures a two-step technique, i.e., treatment with C2H4 prior to C2F6 plasma, was applied that appeared to be very promising in modifying the surface characteristics. Both, the contact angles and the sliding angles remaining almost constant on a very high level with increasing amount of C2H4 in the feed composition. An essentially vital concern of the work was the characterization of the treatment effect comprising both physical and chemical aspects. By washing the materials for 20 times no significant impairment of hydrophobic character has been noticed in case of fluorocarbon finishing agents as well as by the surface treated with C2H4 followed by C2F6 plasma (i.e., a two-step technique), wherein a complete loss of hydrophobic effect washing the silicone-treated materials for 10 times was observed. In breathability aspect, the plasma modification was found to be the best-suited technique with zero reduction of air permeability in comparison to wet-chemical finishing. The barrier test as a measure of dye absorption was conducted using protein solution, synthetic and human blood and the efficiency were verified by colorimetric technique. In contrast to pure plasma treatments, modification of the fabric with plasma in two-step treatment as well as with wet-finishing method using fluorocarbon compounds were completely impervious to artificial and real blood. The most striking feature was the zero uptake of the protein solution by all treated surfaces.

Thesis describes the system of masonry structures in floodareas. It is based on liteature review of floods, mapping mansonry load during floods, dyinig after the passage of the flood wave solutions and water impermeability construction to prevent degradation and destruction. The main part is the design of the wall, which connectes hydrophobic individual elements of construction to provide resistence during floods. The diploma thesis includes practical verification of the functionality of a complete proposal to ensure the smallest possible water absorption caúitaly of the structure.

As the title implies, the chief goal of the present work is the improvement of the barrier effects of textile fabrics in the medical sector, in particular, in the operating room, which would be an effective safeguard against the causative pathogens allowing the health workers to work in and around hostile atmospheres and to accomplish useful tasks. To overcome the inherent drawbacks of surgical gown from classical fibers of both natural and synthetic origins, polyester micro filament fabric, down to 0.62 dtex per filament, was used to substitute them. Two major pathways have been chosen to render the surface hydrophobic: - Wet-chemical treatment - Plasma modification For the maximum efficiency of a specific wet-chemical, the following application formulations were found to be best effective: pH =4-5 Drying temperature and time=100°C / 90s Pick-up = 80% Curing temperature and time= 160°C / 120s A range of physical and chemical parameters have been found exerting significant influence on the extent of modification of the material: - Wetting agent - Amount of fluorine content in the chemical - Subsequent heat treatment of the finished material after washing - Ironing of the fabric For the plasma enhanced surface fluorination the following plasma gases were used: - Saturated fluorine compounds: CF4 and C2F6 - Reducing agent: H2 and C2H4 The exposure of the substrate to a pure C2F6 discharge resulted in higher hydrophobicity than the substrates exposed to CF4 plasma. Stepwise increased mixture of H2 or C2H4 to a proportionally decreased amount of C2F6 plasma showed a gradual decrease in contact angle and a substantial increase in sliding angle values. In addition to the treatments with gas mixtures a two-step technique, i.e., treatment with C2H4 prior to C2F6 plasma, was applied that appeared to be very promising in modifying the surface characteristics. Both, the contact angles and the sliding angles remaining almost constant on a very high level with increasing amount of C2H4 in the feed composition. An essentially vital concern of the work was the characterization of the treatment effect comprising both physical and chemical aspects. By washing the materials for 20 times no significant impairment of hydrophobic character has been noticed in case of fluorocarbon finishing agents as well as by the surface treated with C2H4 followed by C2F6 plasma (i.e., a two-step technique), wherein a complete loss of hydrophobic effect washing the silicone-treated materials for 10 times was observed. In breathability aspect, the plasma modification was found to be the best-suited technique with zero reduction of air permeability in comparison to wet-chemical finishing. The barrier test as a measure of dye absorption was conducted using protein solution, synthetic and human blood and the efficiency were verified by colorimetric technique. In contrast to pure plasma treatments, modification of the fabric with plasma in two-step treatment as well as with wet-finishing method using fluorocarbon compounds were completely impervious to artificial and real blood. The most striking feature was the zero uptake of the protein solution by all treated surfaces.

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo estudiar las aplicaciones de los nanocristales o ¿nanowhiskers¿ extraídos mediante hidrólisis ácida de celulosa bacteriana (BCNW) para el desarrollo de materiales poliméricos y biopoliméricos con propiedades mejoradas para su uso en aplicaciones de envasado de alimentos. En primer lugar se estudió y optimizó el proceso de extracción de BCNW. Se desarrolló un procedimiento de extracción con ácido sulfúrico, que permitió obtener nanocristales con elevada relación de aspecto y cristalinidad y al mismo tiempo, un elevado rendimiento de extracción. Este procedimiento comprende una posterior etapa de neutralización que resultó ser necesaria para garantizar la estabilidad térmica de los nanocristales. El siguiente paso consistió en la formulación de materiales nanocompuestos con propiedades mejoradas incorporando BCNW en diferentes matrices plásticas, en concreto copolímeros de etileno-alcohol vinílico (EVOH), ácido poliláctico (PLA) y polihidroxialcanoatos (PHAs). Mediante las técnicas de electroestirado y estirado por soplado se generaron fibras híbridas de EVOH y PLA con BCNW. La incorporación de BCNW en las disoluciones empleadas para producir fibras modificó significativamente sus propiedades (viscosidad, tensión superficial y conductividad) y por tanto, la morfología de las fibras se vio afectada. Además, se generaron fibras con propiedades antimicrobianas mediante la incorporación de aditivos, maximizando el efecto antimicrobiano con la adición de sustancias de carácter hidrofílico. Seguidamente, se produjeron nanocompuestos por mezclado en fundido y se desarrollaron técnicas de pre-incorporación de BCNW para evitar la aglomeración de los mismos no sólo en matrices hidrofílicas como el EVOH, sino también en matrices hidrofóbicas como el PLA. La dispersión óptima de BCNW resultó en una mejora de las propiedades mecánicas y de barrera de los nanocompuestos. También se estudió la modificación de la superficie de los nanocristales mediante copolimerización con poli(glicidil metacrilato) para mejorar la compatibilidad de BCNW con una matriz hidrofóbica como el PLA. Se incluyen además los primeros resultados obtenidos en cuanto a la producción de nanobiocompuestos sintetizados por microorganismos, que consisten en PHAs con diferentes contenidos de hidroxivalerato reforzados con BCNW. Por último, se desarrollaron películas con propiedades de alta barrera basadas en películas de BCNW recubiertas con capas hidrofóbicas. El recubrimiento mediante la deposición de fibras por electrospinning seguido de homogeneización por calentamiento garantizó una buena adhesión entre las diferentes capas, protegiendo así las películas de BCNW del efecto negativo de la humedad. / Martínez Sanz, M. (2013). Bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers to enhance the properties of plastics and bioplastics of interest in food packaging [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/30312 / TESIS / Premios Extraordinarios de tesis doctorales

Sizing (hydrophobization) is one of the most important process steps within the added-value chain of about 1/3rd of the worldwide produced paper & board products. Even though sizing with so-called reactive sizing agents, such as alkenyl succinic anhydride (ASA) was implemented in the paper industry decades ago, there is no total clarity yet about the detailed chemical and physical mechanisms that lead to their performance. Previous research was carried out on the role of different factors influencing the sizing performance, such as bonding between ASA and cellulose, ASA hydrolysis, size revision as well as the most important interactions with stock components, process parameters and additives during the paper making process. However, it was not yet possible to develop a holistic model for the explanation of the sizing performance given in real life application. This thesis describes a novel physico-chemical approach to this problem by including results from previous research and combining these with a wide field of own basic research and a newly developed method that allows tracing back the actual localization of ASA within the sheet structure. The carried out measurements and trial sets for the basic field of research served to evaluate the stock and process parameters that most dominantly influence the sizing performance of ASA. Interactions with additives other than retention aids were not taken into account. The results show that parameters, such as the content of secondary fibers, the degree of refining, the water hardness as well as the suspension conductivity, are of highest significance. The sample sets of the trials with the major impacting parameters were additionally analyzed by a newly developed localization method in order to better understand the main influencing factors. This method is based on optical localization of ASA within the sheet structure by confocal white light microscopy. In order to fulfill the requirements at magnification rates of factor 100 optical zoom, it was necessary to improve the contrast between ASA and cellulose. Therefore, ASA was pretreated with an inert red diazo dye, which does not have any impact on neither the sizing nor the handling properties of ASA. Laboratory hand sheets that were sized with dyed ASA, were analyzed by means of their sizing performance in correlation to measurable ASA agglomerations in the sheet structure. The sizing performance was measured by ultrasonic penetration analysis. The agglomeration behavior of ASA was analyzed automatically by multiple random imaging of a sample area of approx. 8650 µm² with a minimum resolution for particles of 500 nm in size. The gained results were interpreted by full factorial design of experiments (DOE). The trials were carried out with ASA dosages between 0% and 0.8% on laboratory hand sheets, made of 80% bleached eucalyptus short fiber kraft pulp and 20% northern bleached softwood kraft pulp, beaten to SR° 30, produced with a RDA sheet former at a base weight of 100 g/m² oven dry. The results show that there is a defined correlation between the ASA dosage, the sizing performance and the number and area of ASA agglomerates to be found in the sheet structure. It was also possible to show that the agglomeration behavior is highly influenced by external factors like furnish composition and process parameters. This enables a new approach to the explanation of sizing performance, by making it possible to not only examine the performance of the sizing agent, but to closely look at the predominant position where it is located in the sheet structure. These results lead to the explanation that the phenomenon of sizing is by far not a pure chemical process but rather a more physical one. Based on the gained findings it was possible so far to optimize the ASA sizing process in industrial-scale by means of ~ 50% less ASA consumption at a steady degree of sizing and improved physical sheet properties.