NORMA Sweden AB is part of NORMA Group, a global market and technology leader in engineered joining technology. The Swedish business unit, NORMA Sweden, trades with various internal and external customers in different customs territories. In order to facilitate this, the management is considering to attain the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) certification that allows for customs facilitations. The AEO program consists of the AEO-C and AEO-S certification. Those two certifications can be achieved independently, they have different barriers and create different benefits. The extent to that these general benefits and barriers create benefits and barriers in a specific company varies a lot depending on the individual supply chain settings of the organisation. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the advantage of the AEO-C and the AEO-S certification to NORMA Sweden. In order to achieve a comprehensive result, the benefits and barriers of the AEO certifications to NORMA Sweden are analysed in the context of the company’s strategy and the drivers for the AEO application. A Framework is developed to conduct the examination. It allows to appraise the benefits and barriers of the certification that are combined into different impact areas. This is accomplished by a quantitative analysis that is based on a simplified scale of 0-3. The results are verified by a subsequent qualitative analysis. The Analysis has been conducted under consideration of literature, customs guidelines and empirical information that has been gathered by expert interviews as well as by observations. The results of the quantitative analysis indicate that both certifications are currently not beneficial to NORMA Sweden. Further, it is obvious that the gap between barriers and benefits is smaller for the AEO-C certification as it is for the AEO-S certification. The qualitative analysis reveals that NORMA Sweden should aim for an AEO certification anyway due to the strategy of the parent company and expected future developments. Following the findings of the quantitative and qualitative analysis the company is advised to aim for the AEO-C certification first.

O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia para gestão dos riscos em empresas que atuam cadeia de suprimentos internacional. Apresenta-se um roteiro de analise qualitativa de conformidade e de avaliação qualitativa dos riscos, atendendo aos requisitos da habilitação para a certificação de Operadores Econômicos Autorizados (OEA). A metodologia de gestão de riscos foi modelada a partir de aspectos pertinentes, com os indicadores que são relevantes para os operadores no comércio exterior brasileiro, cujos riscos vão além das operações nas aduanas. O gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos e o conceito que encerram os seus riscos foram pesquisados na literatura, em busca modelos de gerenciamento adequados às atividades do OEA. O modelo proposto consiste em uma metodologia de analise quantitativa para a gestão dinâmica dos riscos avançando além dos consagrado método qualitativo de gestão de conformidades. É um instrumento que se presta a atender aos mais variados setores das organizações, que estão comprometidas com a gestão dos seus riscos corporativos. / This research presents a methodology for risk management in companies that operate the international supply chain. A roadmap for qualitative analysis of compliance and qualitative risk assessment is presented, taking into account the requirements of the authorization for the certification of Authorized Economic Operators (AEO). The risk management methodology was modeled on pertinent aspects, with the indicators that are relevant for the operators in the Brazilian foreign trade, whose risks go beyond customs operations. Supply chain management and the concept that curtailed its risks were researched in the literature, in search of management models appropriate to AEO activities. The proposed model consists of a methodology of quantitative analysis for the dynamic management of risks, advancing beyond the established qualitative method of compliance management. It is an instrument that serves the most varied sectors of organizations, which are committed to managing their corporate risks.

O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia para gestão dos riscos em empresas que atuam cadeia de suprimentos internacional. Apresenta-se um roteiro de analise qualitativa de conformidade e de avaliação qualitativa dos riscos, atendendo aos requisitos da habilitação para a certificação de Operadores Econômicos Autorizados (OEA). A metodologia de gestão de riscos foi modelada a partir de aspectos pertinentes, com os indicadores que são relevantes para os operadores no comércio exterior brasileiro, cujos riscos vão além das operações nas aduanas. O gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos e o conceito que encerram os seus riscos foram pesquisados na literatura, em busca modelos de gerenciamento adequados às atividades do OEA. O modelo proposto consiste em uma metodologia de analise quantitativa para a gestão dinâmica dos riscos avançando além dos consagrado método qualitativo de gestão de conformidades. É um instrumento que se presta a atender aos mais variados setores das organizações, que estão comprometidas com a gestão dos seus riscos corporativos. / This research presents a methodology for risk management in companies that operate the international supply chain. A roadmap for qualitative analysis of compliance and qualitative risk assessment is presented, taking into account the requirements of the authorization for the certification of Authorized Economic Operators (AEO). The risk management methodology was modeled on pertinent aspects, with the indicators that are relevant for the operators in the Brazilian foreign trade, whose risks go beyond customs operations. Supply chain management and the concept that curtailed its risks were researched in the literature, in search of management models appropriate to AEO activities. The proposed model consists of a methodology of quantitative analysis for the dynamic management of risks, advancing beyond the established qualitative method of compliance management. It is an instrument that serves the most varied sectors of organizations, which are committed to managing their corporate risks.

In the diploma work is described single suit of the AEO certification, benefits of this certification and cliffs, which request harmony with European unionś legislative and with particular member statetes of the European union. Further the AEO certificate of the concrete business subjects is able to bring improvement of the reputation and surely helps to reservation so often allude safeness of the trading. Further to the improvement of the reputation is necessary add adequate presentation this kind of the certificate in the face of the public.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir el problema que presentan algunas agencias de aduanas para que se certifiquen como Operadores Económicos Autorizados (OEA) Lima y Callao en el periodo de años 2012-2019. La metodología de investigación que se ha utilizado para la presente tesis es la metodología enfoque cualitativo con carácter explicativo, tiene como objetivo comprender el complejo mundo del comercio exterior y la experiencia que viven los agentes de aduanas. El Análisis de resultados es la falta de conocimiento de los beneficios de la certificación OEA, la capacidad estructural y económica para enfrentar las diferentes auditorias y fiscalizaciones de la Sunat, las agencias de aduanas no logran crear procesos adecuados para mejorar su operatividad aduanera. Se recomienda las agencias de aduanas realicen las modificaciones e inversiones en las infraestructuras de sus empresas para garantizar la seguridad de las cargas de sus clientes, así como también por su capital humano. Además, deben estar alineados a los diferentes reglamentos y las exigencias de las leyes laborales peruanas para generar confianza y buena imagen a sus respectivos clientes para que rentabilice la relación comercial entre agencia de aduana y cliente. Por ello, la investigación se ha estructurado en cinco partes para una mejor comprensión del lector. La primera parte es el “Marco teórico”, que presenta los antecedentes a nivel nacional e internacional, las bases teóricas del comercio internacional, de aduanas, de agente de aduanas y los operadores económicos autorizados, así como los beneficios, los requisitos y el impacto de la certificación como operador económico autorizado en el Perú y el mundo. La segunda parte es el “Plan de Investigación”, donde se plantea la problemática, la hipótesis y los objetivos generales y específicos que se pretenden lograr en la presente tesis. En la tercera parte, “Metodología del trabajo” se expone el tipo de investigación utilizada en el presente estudio y para lo cual se han realizado entrevistas exhaustivas a representantes de las agencias de aduanas que no se encuentran certificadas como agente de OEA - Operador Económico Autorizado en Lima y Callao. En la cuarta parte, “Desarrollo de la tesis”, se realiza el análisis de los datos recolectados en las entrevistas, a fin de obtener los resultados y las respuestas más relevantes a las preguntas planteadas, que permitirán cumplir con el objetivo principal de esta investigación y aportar a la teoría existente. En la quinta y última parte, se presenta la “Discusión y Análisis de resultados”, se plasman las conclusiones obtenidas. / The purpose of this investigation is to describe the problem some identify the reasons why Customs agents have in order not to get certified as Authorized Economic Operator Certification (AEO) in Lima and Callao from 2012 until 2019. The methodology used in this investigation has qualitative approach with descriptive and explanatory character and has as an objective to comprehend the complex world of the foreign trade and the experience that custom agents have. The Analysis of results is the lack of knowledge of the benefits of the AEO certification, the structural and economic capacity to face the different audits and inspections of the SUNAT, the customs agencies fail to create adequate processes to improve their customs operations. Customs agencies are recommended to make modifications and investments in their companies 'infrastructures to guarantee the safety of their clients' cargoes, as well as for their human capital. In addition, they must be aligned to the different regulations and the requirements of Peruvian labor laws to generate confidence and good image to their respective clients so that they make profitable the commercial relationship between customs agency and client. Therefore, the research has been structured in five parts for a better understanding of the reader. The first part is the “Theoretical Framework”, which presents the national and international background, the theoretical bases of international trade, customs, customs brokers and authorized economic operators, as well as the benefits, requirements and impact of certification as an authorized economic operator in Peru and the world. The second part is the "Research Plan", where the problem, the hypothesis and the general and specific objectives that are intended to be achieved in this thesis are presented. In the third part, "Work Methodology" the type of research used in this study is exposed and for which exhaustive interviews have been conducted with representatives of customs agencies that are not certified as an AEO agent - Authorized Economic Operator in Lima and Callao. In the fourth part, "Development of the thesis", the analysis of the data collected in the interviews is carried out, in order to obtain the most relevant results and answers to the questions asked, which will enable the main objective of this research to be fulfilled. and contribute to the existing theory. In the fifth and last part, the "Discussion and Analysis of results" is presented, the conclusions obtained are reflected. / Tesis

O presente trabalho propõe um processo para auxiliar a tarefa de implantação de controles de Cadeia Logística Segura para a importação e exportação de cargas conteinerizadas, transportadas pelo modal rodoviário. Está em consonância com a legislação brasileira atual, no que se refere à Receita Federal do Brasil e demais Órgãos Anuentes. Além disso, inclui, também, as novas diretrizes do Programa Brasileiro de Operador Econômico Autorizado que teve seu início na primeira quinzena de Dezembro de 2014, bem como os aspectos principais do quadro SAFE, da Organização Mundial das Aduanas (OMA) e do programa americano Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT). O processo proposto no trabalho contempla a instrumentação dos controles e seus principais pontos de integração de dados, estágio em que grande parte dos operadores econômicos atuais se encontra. A proposta justifica-se pela complexidade dos processos de cadeias logísticas, sua importância para o comércio exterior e, portanto, para a economia do país, que exigem um aperfeiçoamento constante para atender à competitividade crescente dos mercados, controlar e gerenciar riscos e incertezas dos tempos da globalização. A metodologia do trabalho de pesquisa constou de estudos sobre o significado de cadeia logística segura, legislações e normatizações existentes, principais tecnologias utilizadas no Brasil e no mundo e suas estratégias de integração de sistemas, com enfoque em alguns projetos de gestão já existentes no país. O porto de Santos foi tomado como campo principal de pesquisa. O trabalho evidenciou a importância da presença de três características fundamentais em um processo de cadeia logística segura: ser instrumentado, integrado e inteligente. Considera-se que, a partir do processo proposto, será possível aumentar o grau de inteligência de uma cadeia logística, de forma a gerenciar e mitigar os potenciais riscos de forma mais racional. / This assay proposes a process to assist the task of implantation of controls of Secure Supply Chain to importation and exportation of containerized cargo, transported by road. It is pursuant to the current Brazilian laws, as it concerns Receita Federal do Brasil and other consenting authorities. In addition, it also includes the new guidelines of the Brazilian Authorized Economic Operator Program, which began on the first fortnight of December 2014, as well as the main aspects of the SAFE Framework, from the World Customs Organization (WCO) and the C-TPAT program (Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism). The proposal is justified by the complexity of the supply chain processes, their importance to the foreign trade and therefore, to the countrys economy, which require constant improvement in order to meet the growing competitiveness within markets and to control and manage risks and uncertainties of globalization times. The methodology of this assay consists of studies on the meaning of secure supply chain, existing laws and standards, main technologies used in Brazil and throughout the world and their strategies of system integration, focusing on some management projects already existing in the country. The Port of Santos was taken as main research field. This assay provides evidence of the importance of three fundamental characteristics in a secure supply chain process: to be instrumented, integrated and intelligent. The proposed methodology contemplates instrumentation of the processes and their key points of integration, a stage in which great part of the existing economic operators can be found currently. From this point on, it will be possible to increase its degree of intelligence in such a way as to manage and mitigate risks more rationally.

O presente trabalho propõe um processo para auxiliar a tarefa de implantação de controles de Cadeia Logística Segura para a importação e exportação de cargas conteinerizadas, transportadas pelo modal rodoviário. Está em consonância com a legislação brasileira atual, no que se refere à Receita Federal do Brasil e demais Órgãos Anuentes. Além disso, inclui, também, as novas diretrizes do Programa Brasileiro de Operador Econômico Autorizado que teve seu início na primeira quinzena de Dezembro de 2014, bem como os aspectos principais do quadro SAFE, da Organização Mundial das Aduanas (OMA) e do programa americano Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT). O processo proposto no trabalho contempla a instrumentação dos controles e seus principais pontos de integração de dados, estágio em que grande parte dos operadores econômicos atuais se encontra. A proposta justifica-se pela complexidade dos processos de cadeias logísticas, sua importância para o comércio exterior e, portanto, para a economia do país, que exigem um aperfeiçoamento constante para atender à competitividade crescente dos mercados, controlar e gerenciar riscos e incertezas dos tempos da globalização. A metodologia do trabalho de pesquisa constou de estudos sobre o significado de cadeia logística segura, legislações e normatizações existentes, principais tecnologias utilizadas no Brasil e no mundo e suas estratégias de integração de sistemas, com enfoque em alguns projetos de gestão já existentes no país. O porto de Santos foi tomado como campo principal de pesquisa. O trabalho evidenciou a importância da presença de três características fundamentais em um processo de cadeia logística segura: ser instrumentado, integrado e inteligente. Considera-se que, a partir do processo proposto, será possível aumentar o grau de inteligência de uma cadeia logística, de forma a gerenciar e mitigar os potenciais riscos de forma mais racional. / This assay proposes a process to assist the task of implantation of controls of Secure Supply Chain to importation and exportation of containerized cargo, transported by road. It is pursuant to the current Brazilian laws, as it concerns Receita Federal do Brasil and other consenting authorities. In addition, it also includes the new guidelines of the Brazilian Authorized Economic Operator Program, which began on the first fortnight of December 2014, as well as the main aspects of the SAFE Framework, from the World Customs Organization (WCO) and the C-TPAT program (Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism). The proposal is justified by the complexity of the supply chain processes, their importance to the foreign trade and therefore, to the countrys economy, which require constant improvement in order to meet the growing competitiveness within markets and to control and manage risks and uncertainties of globalization times. The methodology of this assay consists of studies on the meaning of secure supply chain, existing laws and standards, main technologies used in Brazil and throughout the world and their strategies of system integration, focusing on some management projects already existing in the country. The Port of Santos was taken as main research field. This assay provides evidence of the importance of three fundamental characteristics in a secure supply chain process: to be instrumented, integrated and intelligent. The proposed methodology contemplates instrumentation of the processes and their key points of integration, a stage in which great part of the existing economic operators can be found currently. From this point on, it will be possible to increase its degree of intelligence in such a way as to manage and mitigate risks more rationally.

[pt] O programa Operador Econômico Autorizado (OEA) surgiu no Brasil em 2014 e compreende uma parceria integrada entre alfândega e empresa, incentivando o comércio legítimo. Porém, há um grande potencial de crescimento a ser explorado, pois a maioria das empresas envolvidas na cadeia logística internacional não aderiram ao programa. Este trabalho fornece um amplo estudo de pesquisa realizado sobre o programa OEA, contribuindo para a comunidade acadêmica pois, através da metodologia de pesquisa pela revisão sistemática da literatura, foi possível realizar uma matriz de conceito OEA, traçar uma linha do tempo com os principais marcos até OEA no Brasil, identificar os tipos de operadores OEA diferentes no mundo, descobrir o perfil das empresas operadoras brasileiras credenciadas ao OEA e sintetizar e analisar os benefícios encontrados no mundo em 12 macro benefícios. Como contribuição para a gestão das empresas, foram identificadas as principais características e modalidades da certificação OEA, como se tornar um operador OEA e, principalmente, foram analisados os vários benefícios encontrados, sendo possível recomendar que estas empresas devam aderir ao programa como operadores seguros e confiáveis, usufruindo das vantagens estabelecidas no OEA. Através da metodologia de pesquisa de estudo de caso a partir de dados secundários, este trabalho contribui para as autoridades aduaneiras, ao analisar e comparar as dificuldades dos programas OEA mundo e as perspectivas futuras destes programas e, como objetivo principal deste trabalho, sugerir oportunidades para aperfeiçoamento do programa OEA Brasil para elevá-lo a um novo patamar de maturidade e excelência. / [en] The Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) program emerged in Brazil in 2014 and comprises an integrated partnership between customs and the company, encouraging legitimate trade. However, there is great potential for growth to be explored, since most companies involved in the international logistics chain have not joined the program. This general work a broad research study carried out on the AEO program, contributing to the academic community because, through the research methodology of the systematic literature review, it was possible to carry out an AEO concept matrix, to draw a timeline with the main milestones to AEO in Brazil, identify the types of AEO operators that are different in the world, discover the profile of the brazilian operating companies accredited to the AEO and summarize and analyze the benefits found in the world in 12 macro benefits. As a contribution to the management of companies, the main characteristics and modalities of AEO certification were identified, such as becoming an AEO operator and, mainly, the various benefits found were analyzed, making it possible to recommend that these companies should join the program as safe and secure operators, enjoying harvests in the AEO. Through the case research methodology from secondary data, this work contributes to the customs authorities, by analyzing and comparing the difficulties of the AEO world programs and as future perspectives of these programs and, as the main objective of this work, suggesting opportunities for improving the AEO Brasil program to raise it to a new level of maturity and excellence.