The work deals with the problems of people with autism spectrum disorders and their individual and group integration. The first part of my paper deals with the general characteristics of the different types of autism spectrum disorders, their problem areas, which is a social behavior, communication and imagination and play. The important part is the chapter on integration, which aims to become familiar with its characteristics, possibilities and related legislation. The empirical part deals with the influence of the triad of behavioral manifestations of a child with high-functioning autistic child and a description of their impact on the area of individual and group integration over four years of experience. In this work is shown and described healthy development of the child, with which it is compared individual and group integration. For better orientation is the development of all three lines of development recorded in the chart.

The thesis addresses ethical aspects of upbringing and educating persons with autism spectrum disorders, focusing particularly on integrating them in a normal school. In the theoretical part the terms related to ASD issues are defined and specific behavior and expressions of children with autism and Asperger?s syndrome are described. This thesis is dedicated particularly to these individuals and to their integration to a normal school. Therefore this part of the thesis deals with the field of education and upbringing of these persons and it describes the educational principles, methods and strategies that are being used in this field. The thesis concentrates on ethical aspects of leading persons with autism spectrum disorder and therefore the theoretical part deals also with ethical aspects of education and upbringing and defines terms related to ethics. There are two case studies in the practical part of the thesis that show the problems and ethical dilemmas related to integrating pupils with ASD into a regular high school from the point of view of a teaching assistant. The thesis emphasizes the need for ethical education and ethical code in the education system that would guarantee that persons with ASD are led not only professionally, but also ethically.

The Diploma Thesis addresses Ethical aspects of care of children with autism spectrum disorders (communication with parents, grandparents, etc.). The research results revealed that parents usually noticed their children?s handicap during the first three years of the children?s life, when children started to show various problems associated with the autism spectrum disorders. Parents agreed that, at the time, the most difficult thing was to cope with the handicap of their children and the symptoms of such handicap. Most parents also stated that it was very difficult to cope with the information about the diagnosis; this process took them a long time. According to parents, the following would be most helpful: information from specialists, contact with parents of children with similar handicaps, support, help of others in their environment, hope, contact to an organization that could help them/give them practical advice and instructions with regard to communication with children and their development. Parents of children with the handicap find contact with parents of children with similar handicaps very important. The following problems associated with the autism spectrum disorders are viewed as the most significant by parents: problems with communication, inability of socialization, stereotype behavior, hyperactivity, possible self-harm, mood changes, but also impenetrability of the world of children with autism spectrum disorders. According to some parents, the diagnostics of their children was not in order. Their children?s autism was not recognized by physicians and parents had to arrange a specialized diagnostic examination on their own. In case of some children, autism spectrum disorders were recognized by a general practitioner for children and youth, who recommended a visit to a child psychiatrist, where diagnostics took place. In these cases, parents were not given any opportunity to give questions to physicians and, moreover, they did not receive much information about the handicap of their children. Parents had to look for important information on the internet or in specialized literature. Furthermore, autism spectrum disorders were not sufficiently explained by physicians to some parents. Parents received information about the consequences of this type of handicap from a special pedagogue, psychologist, or worker of an organization that provides social services to children with autism spectrum disorders and their parents. Moreover, some parents were not given any contact to organizations providing care or consulting to children with this type of handicap. Most parents view the approach of physicians to their children as negative. Children with autism spectrum disorders most frequently visit a child psychiatrist; some children also see a child neurologist. According to parents, physicians only communicate with them and do not focus on their children at all. However, only one half of parents informed their physicians about the way they can communicate with their children. Parents usually prepare for the doctor?s appointment using photographs and pictures that illustrate the visit or its individual steps. A hospitalization of children with the autism spectrum disorder usually took place with their mothers, who rate it as standard, with no problems to address during such hospitalization. Health professionals mostly communicated with mothers and tried to respect the child?s habits.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lilian Fernanda Araya Chateau.pdf: 103071981 bytes, checksum: cd109600ca638f8762181dd87282c3bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-08-15 / The Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are a group of conditions of neurobiological causes early onset and chronic course that is characterized by impairments in three areas of development: interaction social, communication and behavior. Evidences has shown that this population losses beyond the diagnostic triad, impairment in motor development as deficits in postural control in motor coordination and sensory integration. Among the practices interventional aimed contemplate the sensorimotor behavior disorders is the riding therapy. This practice therapeutic uses as main feature the movement of the horse that is multidimensional, rhythmic, repetitive ordering of whom is mounted postural adjustments in order to maintain balance. Research in this area indicate that the use of the horse's movement may contribute significantly to the improvement of postural control, balance and coordination contributing to higher motor functionality. The present study examined the effects of the movements of a horse by means of a horseback riding simulator on postural control in individuals with ASD. The participants were eight boys with ASD, 7-15 years old, who underwent an intervention protocol of twelve sessions, twenty minutes each, with a horseback riding simulator. For the evaluation were used the force plate to measure the oscillations of the body during static balance and motor performance test that evaluates with the KTK aspects of motor skills such as balance, rhythm, laterality, speed and agility in four tasks. The results after interventions showed statistically significant improvements (p <0.01) for static and (p <0.04) for motor performance in tasks speed and rhythm. / Os Transtornos do Espectro do Autismo (TEA) constituem um grupo de condições de causas neurobiológicas de início precoce e curso crônico que se caracteriza por prejuízos em três áreas do desenvolvimento: interação social, comunicação e comportamento. Evidências tem demonstrado que esta população apresenta prejuízos para além da tríade diagnóstica, prejuízo no desenvolvimento motor como: déficits no controle postural, na coordenação motora e na integração sensorial. Uma prática interventiva que visam contemplar as desordens do comportamento sensório motor é a Equoterapia. Pesquisas nessa área apontam que a utilização do movimento do cavalo pode contribuir significativamente para a melhora do controle postural, equilíbrio e coordenação contribuindo para maior funcionalidade motora. O presente estudo teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos de movimentos similares de um cavalo, por meio de um simulador, no controle postural de indivíduos com TEA. Participaram do estudo oito meninos com TEA, de 7 a 15 anos de idade, que foram submetidos a um protocolo de intervenção de doze sessões, de vinte minutos cada, com um simulador de equitação. Para avaliação utilizou-se a plataforma de força para quantificar as oscilações do corpo durante o equilíbrio estático e o teste de rendimento motor KTK que avalia aspectos da coordenação motora tais como equilíbrio, ritmo, lateralidade, velocidade e agilidade em quatro tarefas. Os resultados após as intervenções indicaram melhoras estatisticamente significativas (p<0,01) para o equilíbrio estático e (p<0,04) para o rendimento motor nas tarefas de velocidade e ritmo.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:40:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Juliana Prado Silva Moura.pdf: 1429135 bytes, checksum: 115d7dbda453e1ceedbef40070d52255 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02-12 / Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie / The educational service for autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has been the subject of discussions and proposals differentiated, since the inclusion of these students is a reality in the Brazilian educational system and the municipal Barra Mansa. The initial idea of this work was born of restlessness, in conducting an assertive teacher assessment in order to improve this service. Such restlessness sought clarification and provides subsidies for reflection on educational practice with efficient actions targeted to students with ASD in the pursuit of methodological alternatives in order to insert them in the educational context. So if you do need to understand what is to TEA, and propose educational activities that can broaden the discussion of models and forms of the disorder and its specific application characteristics. This study aimed to identify the challenges faced by teachers of multifunctional resource room to perform the evaluation in teaching students with ASD and main problems that affect the implementation of the assessment and verify the perspectives of teachers regarding the design of educational evaluation as builders this review in ESA and fought before the challenges encountered. In conducting the research, we opted for an exploratory study to search for more data, since these are of little theme in literature. Participants answered a questionnaire 20 teachers working in 24 multifunctional halls existing resources in the municipality. The responses were analyzed, described and presented by structuring report which contains, besides the transcripts of the record by the annotator, a summary of the most important comments, conclusions and recommendations. It was found that teachers implementing the pedagogical evaluation, uncertainty and doubt have to complete the documents, making inconsistent and subjective way to realize their semiannual reports through documents and evaluation reports. With these documents demonstrating the weakness and difficulty in carrying out their work with ASD students, because they require greater knowledge and need a specific evaluation. The tabulated data revealed that graduating at the college level isn t enough to prepare the teacher to act in the interests of inclusive education, a condition that meets the challenges presented by the teachers in performing actions that favor the assessment of students with TEA. The study achieved its objectives and its content demonstrates the complexity and scope of the subject, making it impossible to exhaust it in its dimensions, raising indicators that enable the continuity of research proposals focused on educational activities for ESA, specific to ASD. / O atendimento educacional de transtornos do espectro do autismo (TEA) tem sido alvo de reflexões e propostas diferenciadas, uma vez que a inclusão destes alunos é uma realidade no sistema educacional brasileiro e na rede municipal de Barra Mansa. A ideia inicial deste trabalho nasceu da inquietação, na realização de uma avaliação pedagógica assertiva, visando à melhoria deste atendimento. Tal inquietação buscou esclarecer e fornecer subsídios para reflexões sobre a prática educacional com ações eficientes, direcionados aos alunos com TEA, na busca de alternativas metodológicas a fim de inseri-los no contexto educacional. Portanto se fazem necessário entender o que é TEA para, se propor atividades pedagógicas e que se possam ampliar a discussão de modelos e formas de aplicação específicas ao transtorno e suas características. Este estudo se propôs identificar os desafios encontrados pelos professores de sala de recursos multifuncionais ao realizar a avaliação pedagógica em alunos com TEA; os principais problemas que afetam a realização da avaliação e verificar as perspectivas dos professores no que tange a concepção de avaliação pedagógica enquanto construtores desta avaliação no AEE e seu enfrentamento diante dos desafios encontrados. Na condução da pesquisa, optou-se pelo estudo exploratório para busca de mais dados, visto tratar-se de tema escasso na literatura. Participaram respondendo a um questionário 20 professoras que atuam nas 24 salas de recursos multifuncionais existentes no município. As respostas foram analisadas, descritas e apresentadas através da estruturação de relatório o qual contém, além das transcrições do registro pelo anotador, um resumo dos comentários mais importantes, conclusões e recomendações. Verificou-se que os professores na realização da avaliação pedagógica, apresentam insegurança e dúvidas ao preencher os documentos, fazendo de forma inconsistente e subjetiva ao realizarem seus relatos através de documentos semestrais e relatórios de avaliação. Demonstrando com estes documentos a fragilidade e dificuldade na realização do seu trabalho com os alunos TEA, pois estes demandam maior conhecimento e precisam de uma avaliação pontual. Os dados tabulados revelaram que a formação em nível superior não é suficiente no preparo do professor para atuar numa perspectiva de educação inclusiva, uma condição que vem ao encontro dos desafios apresentados pelos professores em realizar ações que favoreçam a avaliação do aluno com TEA. O estudo atingiu os objetivos propostos e o seu conteúdo evidencia a complexidade e a abrangência do tema, sendo impossível esgotá-lo em suas dimensões, levantando indicadores que possibilitam a continuidade de pesquisas com propostas de atividades pedagógicas voltadas para o AEE, específico para TEA.

This master thesis focuses on the home video training in families with children with autism spectrum disorders in the toddler period. Its aim is to summarize knowledge and new findings from the crucial areas and to describe the utilization of this method. The theoretical part of the thesis deals in detail with the method of home video training. It is also focused on autism spectrum disorders, especially on their typical manifestation in the toddler period. The specifics of families with children with this disorder are described. Current information from the area of use in these families is also mentioned. The empirical part of the thesis contains a presentation of a study based on the four case studies. It approaches the use of method video home training in families with children with autism spectrum disorders.

Les troubles du spectre de l’autisme (TSA) affectent la qualité de vie familiale. Des programmes de formation aux habiletés parentales (PFHP) sont susceptibles d’entraîner une amélioration du stress parental et du comportement de l’enfant. Cette étude vise à développer et évaluer un PFHP francophone basé sur l’analyse appliquée du comportement. Ce PFHP a été évalué auprès d’un groupe pilote de 6 parents. Une augmentation des connaissances sur les TSA et les pratiques éducatives est observée ainsi qu’une amélioration du comportement de l’enfant. Les parents considèrent les objectifs ciblés comme importants, les procédures transmises comme acceptables et les effets observés comme satisfaisants. Le PFHP a été amélioré et évalué auprès de 18 parents. Une augmentation des connaissances et des pratiques éducatives est observée avec une amélioration des compétences sociales des enfants. Pour 16 parents, une amélioration au niveau du stress est remarquée. Un manuel de ce PFHP a été élaboré. / Parents of children with ASD face many challenges that affect their well-being. Parent trainings (PT) in young children with ASD are known for improving the child’s behaviors and reducing parenting stress. The purpose of this study is to develop and evaluate a French parent training that is based on applied behavior analysis. An initial efficacy study was conducted with 6 parents. Parents have significantly improved their knowledge in ASD and behavioral intervention strategies. They reported an improvement in their child’s behavior. The PT was considered by the parents as effective, the methods used as acceptable and the objectives targeted as important. This promising PT was then improved and evaluated on 18 more parents. Parents have again improved their knowledge in ASD and behavioral strategies whereas children’s socialization skills have improved as well. For 16 parents, the PT has an additional decreasing effect on stress. A manual has been developed with this PT.

Le premier objectif de ce travail de thèse a été de proposer une analyse des modèles théoriques relatifs à l’étiologie du syndrome autistique, avec un focus spécifique sur la place des particularités sensorielles dans la pathologie autistique. Partant de cette étude théorique, nous avons posé l’hypothèse de l’existence d’un lien de causalité entre les dysfonctionnements sensoriels des sujets autistes, et les troubles de la relation et de la communication. Dans ce contexte, nous avons élaboré une approche de psychothérapie à médiation sensorielle, destinée à la prise en charge des troubles de la relation et de la communication chez des enfants autistes sévèrement déficitaires. Nous avons élaboré le cadre et la démarche de cette approche en conjuguant les fondements théoriques et pratiques de différents dispositifs de thérapie à médiation sensorielle existant à l’heure actuelle. Nous avons testé l’intérêt de notre approche dans le cadre d’une recherche appliquée, réalisée en collaboration avec l’IME Le Rosier Blanc (Saverne, 67, France). Nous vous présentons notre dispositif ainsi que les résultats obtenus, selon une double approche, quantitative et qualitative. / The first objective was to offer a definite analysis of the theoretical models relating to the etiology of the autistic syndrom, with a very particular focus on the place of sensory features in the autistic pathology. On the basis of this theoretical study, we’ve made the hypothesis that a link could exist between sensory disorders and relation and communication disabilities in the autistic syndrome.Thus, we’ve conceptualized an approach of psychotherapy with sensory mediation, intended for the taking care of relation and communication disturbances from autistic children showing intellectual disabilities. We’ve developed the framework of this approach by combining the theoretical and practical foundations of several sensory mediated therapies. We’ve evaluated the interest of psychotherapy with sensory mediation, within the framework of an applied research program with the Medico-Educational Institute named “Le Rosier Blanc” (Saverne, 67, France). We present the devices of psychotherapy with sensory mediation, as well as the results (qualitative and quantitative).

La déficience intellectuelle (DI) et les troubles du spectre autistique (ASD) sont deux troubles neurodéveloppementaux (NDD) présentant de nombreux chevauchements génétiques et phénotypiques ainsi qu’un biais de sexe important, avec plus de garçons atteints (1,4x plus pour la DI et 4x plus pour l'ASD). Au sein de notre laboratoire, le taux de diagnostic des patients souffrant de DI et/ou d’ASD est significativement plus élevé chez les filles que chez les garçons. De façon surprenante, nous n’avons pas observé de différence significative entre filles et garçons au niveau de la proportion de mutations pathogènes sur le chromosome X (5,3% versus 7,6%), confirmant ainsi que les mutations causales totalement pénétrantes sur ce chromosome ne peuvent pas expliquer la totalité de l’excès de garçons atteints de DI ou d'ASD. Nous avons donc choisi d’étudier une autre des hypothèses, plus environnementale, qui pourrait rendre le cerveau masculin plus susceptible au développement de NDD : le rôle des androgènes au cours du développement du cerveau. J'ai étudié l’effet de ces hormones masculines dans des précurseurs neuronaux humains (hNSCs) et observé que les androgènes augmentent la prolifération des hNSCs et les protègent contre la mort cellulaire en conditions stressantes. J'ai également mis en évidence que les androgènes, via leur récepteur (le récepteur aux androgènes), régulent une centaine de gènes dans les hNSCs avec, parmi eux, un enrichissement en gènes connus pour être différentiellement exprimés chez les individus avec ASD (dont NRCAM et FAM107A). La régulation de ces gènes par les androgènes pendant le développement du cerveau pourrait ainsi participer à la sensibilité accrue du cerveau masculin, exposé à d'autres facteurs génétiques et environnementaux, à développer une NDD. / Intellectual disability (ID) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are two common neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD) with many genetic and phenotypic overlaps. Another common feature is the existence of a gender bias, very strong for ASD (4 males for 1 female) and notable for ID (1.4:1). In our team, the diagnostic yield of patients affected by ID with or wihout ASD is significantly higher in girls than in boys. Surprisingly, we did not observe a significant difference between girls and boys in the proportion of pathogenic mutations on the X chromosome (5.3% versus 7.6%), confirming that rare and fully penetrant mutations on this chromosome can not explain the totality this male bias observed in ID and ASD. We have therefore chosen to study another hypothesis, more environmental, which could make the male brain more susceptible to develop NDD: the role of androgens during brain development. I studied the effect of these male hormones in human neuronal precursors (hNSCs) and observed that androgens increase the proliferation of hNSCs and protect them against cell death under stressful conditions. I also showed that androgens, via their receptor (the androgen receptor), regulate a hundred genes in hNSCs with, among them, an enrichment of genes known to be differentially expressed in individuals with ASD (e.g NRCAM and FAM107A). The regulation of these genes by androgens during brain development could thus contribute to the increased sensitivity of the male brain, exposed to other genetic and environmental factors, to develop an NDD.

In this study we are verifying aplicability of the tool BNAT for the target group of people with severe, multiple disability and autism in social residential facilities. Next we comment the tool. The research has been conducted by means of interviewing primary care workers. Based on the results of qualitative analysis of interviews we had commented BNAT tool and suggested adjustments, leading towards usability in residential facility conditions, considering target group. The contribution of the study is based on verifying of practicality of the tool that is mapping the needs of users in the moment of loss. The significance is foremost for workers who lead individuals with intellectual disability through the loss of the loved one.