Author's first name and surname: Bc. Monika Pazderová Supervisor of the thesis: MUDr. Martin Matoulek, Ph.D. Thesis title: The influence of the physical activity on high blood pressure in patients with obesity or metabolic syndrome Workplace: 3rd Medical Department, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General Teaching Hospital in Prague and Health rehabilitation centre VŠTJ MEDICINA Prague Year of thesis defence: 2012 ABSTRACT Nowadays the metabolic syndrome belongs worldwide to the most widespread diseases. The joint occurrence of diabetes, obesity and hypertension has been known for a long time. Also nowadays many doctors consider obesity a typical risk factor for diabetes or hypertension. Generally it is true: the higher BMI the higher likelihood of hypertension occurrence. Hypertension is a risk factor for atherosclerosis which is a cardiovascular disease. Nowadays the high blood pressure belongs to the most common health disorders of populations in both developing and advanced industrialized countries. The complications of hypertension are an important cause of sickness rate, invalidity and death. The occurrence of high blood pressure increases with age and is also dependent on the gender. The average levels of systolic pressure increase with age. On the other hand, the average levels of...

Title: The effect of sauna on the changes of blood pressure Objectives: The aim of this study was the measure of the physiological range (blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation) of two selected groups of people within the sauna cycle, assess changes and compare the results of individual probands and groups. Methods: This thesis is conducted as an experimental study. This is a quantitative method, in that will be at first established hypotheses and then evaluated on the basis of the obtained results. The independent variable in this research is the sauna and dependent variables are blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation. Results: Blood pressure values were at employee of sauna lower than at other probands, thereby was confirmed hypothesis, but expected significant differences between the measured values of each group were absent. At the same time there was a further confirmation of the hypothesis concerning heart rate, which was increased at all probands. The last confirmed hypothesis related to the blood oxygen saturation and its reduce after the sauna. It could be said that all the defined hypotheses were confirmed. Keywords: sauna, blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, cardiovascular system

La mesure et le contrôle du pouls et du flux sanguin en continu sont d'importants paramètres pour l'évaluation de signes essentiels physiologiques sur la condition de santé d'un individu. Les dispositifs commerciaux existants, ainsi que les méthodes de recherche ou utilisées dans le milieu médical exigent un bon contact électrique ou optique pour obtenir cette mesure en continu. Pendant ces travaux de recherche, une méthode originale non invasive de mesure du rythme cardiaque fondée sur la perturbation localisée d'un champ magnétique au passage du flux sanguin a été développée, permettant l'acquisition des signaux à travers les vêtements, la transpiration, les salissures ou autres polluants dans l'environnement proche du capteur. Cette méthode est appelée la Signature Sanguine par Modulation Magnétique (MMSB) et les mesures ont été accomplies sur de multiples individus. Le système a été modélisé mathématiquement et simulé dans un environnement multiphysique, puis validé par l'utilisation des données expérimentales. Les résultats de mesure, en utilisant la méthode MMSB, pour le pouls et le flux sanguin ont été comparés et se trouvent bien corrélés, avec les résultats obtenus grâce à d'autres instruments. De plus, deux dispositifs ont été développés et sont en cours de commercialisation, pour des applications de vie quotidienne / Continuous pulse rate, blood pressure and blood flow monitoring are important for the assessment of physiological vital signs as these are able to provide continuous feedback on the health condition of an individual. Existing commercial, medical and research methods to continuously acquire such these physiological vital signs require good electrical or optical contact. During this research, a magnetic based sensing method, at room temperature, for blood pulse, flow and pressure is developed to achieve data acquisition through fabric, environmental contaminants and body-fluids. This method is named Modulated Magnetic Signature of Blood (MMSB) and physical measurements were conducted on multiple subjects, mathematically modelled and simulated in a multi-physics environment with verification through use of measurement data. Measurement results, using MMSB, for blood pressure and blood flow were compared, and found to be well correlated, with lifestyle device and medical research instruments respectively. In addition, two devices are developed, and are in the midst of commercialization, to support lifestyle applications

Title: The effect of sauna on the changes of blood pressure Objectives: The aim of this study was the measure of the physiological range (blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation) of two selected groups of people within the sauna cycle, assess changes and compare the results of individual probands and groups. Methods: This thesis is conducted as an experimental study. This is a quantitative method, in that will be at first established hypotheses and then evaluated on the basis of the obtained results. The independent variable in this research is the sauna and dependent variables are blood pressure, heart rate and blood oxygen saturation. Results: Blood pressure values were at employee of sauna lower than at other probands, thereby was confirmed hypothesis, but expected significant differences between the measured values of each group were absent. At the same time there was a further confirmation of the hypothesis concerning heart rate, which was increased at all probands. The last confirmed hypothesis related to the blood oxygen saturation and its reduce after the sauna. It could be said that all the defined hypotheses were confirmed. Keywords: sauna, blood pressure, heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, cardiovascular system

Student Number :9900127Y - MSc (Eng) dissertation - Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment / Arterial pulse wave analysis studies the wave shape of the blood pressure pulse. The pulse wave provides more information than the extreme systolic and dia- stolic pressures, measured with a cuff sphygmomanometer. The aim of the research is to investigate the design issues in a pulse wave analysis system, and to compare these to a commercially available system. The system was compared and validated by measuring the pulse wave at the radial artery (wrist) using the non-invasive technique of arterial tonometry. The design conformed to the IEC-601 safety standard to ensure patient safety. The data was compared against the data from the commercial system and analysis was performed in the time and frequency domain. The performance of the design suggests that, in some respects, the design was comparable to the commer- cial system, however, a number of performance characteristics fell short of the commercial system. Suggestions have been made to address these problems in further research.

A hipotensão pós-exercício (HPE) se caracteriza pela redução da pressão arterial (PA) após uma sessão de exercício. Diversos estudos têm investigado a HPE e seus mecanismos utilizando as seguintes formas de cálculo: I = PA pós-exercício - PA pré-exercício; II = PA pós-exercício - PA pós-controle; e III = [(PA pós-exercício - PA pré-exercício) - (PA pós-controle - PA pré-controle)]. Embora esses estudos tenham demonstrado a ocorrência da HPE em diferentes populações e sua relevância clínica, pouco se sabe sobre sua reprodutibilidade. Dessa forma, este estudo objetivou verificar a reprodutibilidade (erro sistemático, confiabilidade e concordância) da HPE e de seus mecanismos hemodinâmicos e autonômicos avaliados pelas 3 formas de cálculo expostas. Para tanto, 30 indivíduos realizaram 4 sessões experimentais divididas em 2 blocos (teste e reteste). Cada bloco foi composto por uma sessão de exercício (cicloergômetro, 45min, 50% do VO2pico) e uma controle (repouso sentado), realizadas em ordem aleatória. Antes e após as intervenções, foram medidos: a PA (auscultatória e fotopletismográfica), o débito cardíaco (reinalação de CO2), a frequência cardíaca (FC - eletrocardiograma) e a modulação autonômica cardiovascular (análise espectral das variabilidades da FC e da PA, além da sensibilidade barorreflexa). A presença de erro sistemático foi avaliada pelo test-t pareado, a confiabilidade pelo coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (CCI) e a concordância pelo erro típico (ET). A HPE e seus mecanismos hemodinâmicos e autonômicos avaliados pelas 3 formas de cálculo não apresentaram erro sistemático. A HPE sistólica apresentou confiabilidade alta e a diastólica confiabilidade baixa a moderada, com melhor confiabilidade na forma de cálculo II. Em geral, os mecanismos hemodinâmicos e autonômicos apresentaram confiabilidade moderada a baixa, com maior confiabilidade com a forma de cálculo I. Para finalizar, os parâmetros de concordância variaram entre as 3 formas de cálculo, o que implica que o ET específico de cada variável para cada forma de cálculo deve ser considerado para a estimativa do tamanho amostral necessário em estudos e para o cálculo da mínima diferença detectável na prática clínica quando o objetivo for comparar as respostas pós-exercício obtidas em diferentes condições / Post-exercise hypotension is characterized by a reduction in blood pressure (BP) after a single session of exercise. Several studies have investigated PEH and its mechanisms and they have employed the following methods of calculation: I = post-exercise BP - pre-exercise BP; II = post-exercise BP - post-control BP; and III = [(post-exercise BP - pre-exercise BP) - (post-control BP - pre-control BP)]. Although these studies have demonstrated the occurrence of PEH in different populations and its clinical relevance, little is known about the reproducibility of PEH. Thus, the current study was designed to determine the reproducibility (systematic error, reliability and agreement) of PEH and its hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms evaluated by the three methods of calculation exposed. For this purpose, 30 subjects performed 4 experimental sessions divided into two blocks (test and retest). Each block was composed by one exercise (cycle ergometer, 45 min, 50% of VO2peak) and one control (seated rest) session executed in a random order. Before and after the interventions, the following parameters were measured: BP (auscultatory and photoplethysmographic), cardiac output (CO2 rebreathing), heart rate (HR - electrocardiogram) and cardiovascular autonomic modulation (spectral analysis of HR and BP variabilities, as well as spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity). The presence of systematic bias was evaluated by paired t-test, reliability by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and agreement by typical error (TE). PEH and its hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms evaluated by the three methods of calculation did not present systematic bias. Systolic PEH presented high reliability and diastolic PEH showed low to moderate reliability, with better results for the method II. In general, the hemodynamic and autonomic mechanisms presented low to moderate reliabilities, with better results for the method I. Lastly, agreement parameters varied among the three methods of calculation, which implies that the specific value of TE for each variable and each method of calculation should be used for estimating the sample size required in studies and establishing the minimal detectable change in clinical settings when the goal is to compare post-exercise responses obtained in different conditions

Introdução: A fisiologia normal da gravidez inclui vários componentes da Síndrome Metabólica (SM), como um certo grau de resistência à insulina, acumulação de tecido adiposo, hiperlipidemia e ativação da cascata inflamatória. Apesar disso, poucos estudos têm se dedicado a avaliar o perfil metabólico de gestantes. Objetivos: Identificar e comparar as alterações metabólicas que ocorrem durante a gestação em duas coortes de nascimento no ano de 2010 nas cidades de Ribeirão Preto (RP) e São Luís (SL). Métodos: Foram estudadas, em dois momentos, gestantes (1400 em RP e 1447 em SL) e binômios mãe-RN (1370 em RP e 1382 em SL) participantes das coortes de nascimentos dos dois municípios. As informações foram obtidas por meio de questionários aplicados a estas mulheres, além de avaliação antropométrica e bioquímica e medida de pressão arterial. SM foi definida por uma adaptação dos critérios do NCEPIII. Para comparação dos dois municípios foram utilizados testes de qui-quadrado e t de Student, com nível de significância de 5%. Para avaliar a associação entre parto pré-termo e perfil metabólico alterado foram calculados RR não-ajustados e seus IC a 95%. Resultados: Comparado com SL, RP mostrou maiores taxas de sobrepeso e obesidade pré-gestacionais (40,1% vs 25,8%) e de nascimento pré-termo (9,7% vs 7,4%). A frequência de SM foi quase duas vezes maior em RP (5,7% vs 3,3%), assim como pressão arterial alterada (4% vs 2%) e glicemia alterada (16,5% vs 9,9%). HDL Colesterol alterado foi mais frequente nas gestantes de SL (13,9% vs 7,5%). Com respeito as médias do perfil bioquímico, RP apresentou maiores valores que SL, exceto para triglicerídeos, que não foi diferente entre as cidades. Gestantes com SM não tiveram risco de parto pré-termo (RR1,40; IC95% 0,80-2,54), apenas as hipertensas (RR 3,27; IC95% 1,92-5,55). Conclusões: As gestantes de RP apresentaram mais alterações metabólicas que as de SL. / Background: The regular physiology of pregnancy includes several components of metabolic syndrome (MS), such as some degree of resistance to insulin, accumulation of adipose tissue, hyperlipidemia and activation of the inflammatory cascade. Despite this, few studies have been dedicated to evaluating the metabolic profile of pregnant women. Objectives: To identify and compare the metabolic changes that occur during pregnancy in two birth cohorts in 2010 in the cities of Ribeirão Preto (RP) and São Luís (SL). Methods: Pregnant women (1400 in PR and 1447 in SL) and mother-RN pairs (1370 in RP and 1382 in SL) were studied in two moments of the birth cohorts of the two municipalities. The information was obtained through questionnaires applied to these women, in addition to anthropometric and biochemical evaluation and blood pressure measurement. Metabolic syndrome (MS) was defined by an adaptation of the NCEPIII criteria. For the comparison of the two municipalities, chi-square and Student\'s t-tests were used, with a significance level of 5%. To evaluate the association between preterm delivery and altered metabolic profile, unadjusted RRs and their 95% CI were calculated. Results: Compared with SL, RP showed higher rates of pre-gestational overweight and obesity (40.1% vs 25.8%) and preterm birth (9.7% vs 7.4%). The frequency of MS was almost twice as high in PR (5.7% vs 3.3%), as well as altered blood pressure (4% vs 2%) and altered blood glucose (16.5% vs. 9.9%). HDL Cholesterol alteration was more frequent in pregnant women with SL (13.9% vs 7.5%). Regarding the means of the biochemical profile, RP presented higher values than SL, except for triglycerides, which was not different between cities. Pregnant women with MS had no risk of preterm delivery (RR 1.40, 95% CI 0.80-2.54), only those with hypertension (RR 3.27, 95% CI, 1.92-5.55). Conclusion: PR women presented more metabolic alterations than SL women due, in part, to the more advanced state in nutritional transition for women in RP.

A doença de Parkinson (DP) caracteriza-se por alterações deletérias no controle motor e, comumente, também produz prejuízos na regulação autonômica e função cardiovascular. O treinamento resistido traz benefícios motores para estes indivíduos, mas seus efeitos autonômicos e cardiovasculares ainda são desconhecidos. Assim, esta tese avaliou os efeitos do treinamento resistido sobre a regulação autonômica e a função cardiovascular de indivíduos com DP, comparando-os a indivíduos sem DP. Para tanto, 17 indivíduos sem DP (SDP, 67±10 anos) e 27 com DP (65±8 anos, estágios II-III da escala de Hoehn e Yahr modificado, estado \"on\" da medicação) foram estudados. Os indivíduos sem DP foram avaliados uma única vez e os com DP foram divididos aleatoriamente em dois grupos, grupo controle (DPCO: n=12) e treinamento resistido (DPTR: n=15 - 2 sessões/semana, 5 exercícios, 2-4 séries, 12-6 RM), e foram avaliados no início e no final das 12 semanas do estudo. No início do estudo, os indivíduos com DP apresentaram menor modulação parassimpática e maior modulação simpática e balanço simpatovagal cardíacos em repouso, além de pior resposta cardiovascular ao teste de se levantar e à manobra de Valsalva que os indivíduos sem DP. Ademais, apresentaram maior pressão arterial na posição deitada, maior débito cardíaco e menor resistência vascular periférica na posição sentada, menor descenso noturno da pressão arterial sistólica, maior frequência cardíaca de 24 horas e sono, e respostas cardiovasculares atenuadas ao exercício máximo. O treinamento resistido, no grupo DPTR, aumentou a força dinâmica máxima (88±23 vs. 108±27 kg, P < 0,05) e diminuiu a modulação simpática cardíaca (banda de baixa frequência da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca - deitado: 61±17 vs. 47±20 un; sentado: 60±11 vs. 46±15 un, P < 0,05) e a queda da pressão arterial sistólica ao teste de se levantar (-14±11 vs. -6±10 mmHg, P < 0,05), enquanto que nenhuma alteração foi observada no grupo DPCO. Nos demais parâmetros avaliados, não houve nenhum efeito do treinamento nos indivíduos com DP. Após as 12 semanas de estudo, o grupo DPTR apresentou modulação simpática cardíaca de repouso e resposta da pressão arterial sistólica ao teste de se levantar semelhantes aos indivíduos SDP e menores que o grupo DPCO (banda de baixa frequência da variabilidade da frequência cardíaca - deitado: 47±20 e 45±9 vs. 63±10 un e sentado: 46±15 e 49±10 vs. 61±13 un; redução da pressão arterial sistólica - 6±10 e -1±10 vs. -11±9 mmHg, respectivamente, P < 0,05). Em conclusão, em indivíduos com DP, o treinamento resistido diminuiu a modulação autonômica simpática cardíaca em repouso e a redução da pressão arterial sistólica ao teste de se levantar, igualando estas respostas às de indivíduos sem DP / Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is characterized by deleterious alterations in motor control, and it usually also presents with impairments on cardiovascular autonomic regulation and function. Resistance training promotes motor benefits in individuals with PD, but its autonomic and cardiovascular effects are still unknown. Thus, this thesis evaluated the effects of resistance training on cardiovascular autonomic regulation and function in subjects with PD, comparing them with subjects without PD. Seventeen subjects without PD (WPD, 67±10 years) and 27 with PD (65±8 years, stages II-III of modified Hoehn & Yahr scale, \"on\" state of medication) were studied. The subjects without PD were evaluated only once, while the subjects with PD were randomly divided into two groups, control (PDCO: n=12) and resistance training (PDRT: n=15 - 2 sessions/week, 5 exercises, 12-6 RM), and were evaluated at the beginning and after 12 weeks of study. At the beginning of the study, the subjects with PD presented, at rest, lower cardiac parasympathetic modulation and higher cardiac sympathetic modulation and sympathovagal balance as well as worse cardiovascular response to standing test and Valsalva Manoeuvre than individuals without PD. In addition, they had higher supine blood pressure, higher seated cardiac output, lower seated peripheral vascular resistance, lower nocturnal systolic blood pressure fall, higher 24 hours and nighttime heart rate and blunted cardiovascular responses to maximal exercise. Resistance training in the PDRT group increased maximal dynamic strength (88±23 vs. 108±27 kg, P < 0.05), decreased cardiac sympathetic modulation (low component of heart rate variability - supine: 61 ± 17 vs. 47 ± 20 nu and seated: 60 ± 11 vs. 46 ± 15 nu, P < 0.05) and systolic blood pressure decrease to standing test (-14±11 vs. -6±10 mmHg, P < 0.05), while no changes were observed in PDCO group. In the other parameters, there was no effect of training in the subjects with PD. After 12 weeks of the study, the PDRT group presented rest cardiac sympathetic modulation and systolic blood pressure response to standing test similar to WPD and lower than PDCO (low component of heart rate variability - supine: 47±20 and 45±9 vs. 63±10 nu and seated: 46±15 and 49±10 vs. 61±13 nu; systolic blood pressure reduction - -6±10 and -1±10 vs. -11±9 mmHg, respectively, P < 0.05). In conclusion, in individuals with PD, resistance training decreased rest cardiac sympathetic autonomic modulation and systolic blood pressure decrease to standing test, matching these responses to the ones observed in subjects without PD

Sabendo que o aumento da pressão arterial (PA) é importante no desencadeamento de uma resposta inflamatória e alterações estruturais como forma adaptativa, a hipótese desse estudo é a de que o treinamento aeróbio (TA) pode causar um remodelamento glomerular benéfico e agir sobre a expressão de citocinas inflamatórias. Para responder a esta hipótese, foram considerados como objetivos: 1) Avaliar se o curso temporal do TA leva a melhora morfológica; 2) Avaliar a expressão de marcadores inflamatórios no curso temporal do TA. Foram usados ratos machos normotensos (WKY) e espontaneamente hipertensos (SHR). Os animais foram divididos em quatorze grupos, entre hipertensos e normotensos, treinados e sedentários. As avaliações de teste de esforço máximo (TEM) foram feitas nas semanas 0, 6 e 12, de forma a avaliar o desempenho físico e a permitir ajustar o protocolo de TA. Nos períodos das semanas 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 e 12, grupos de animais foram submetidos à cateterização da artéria femoral para a medida de PA e frequência cardíaca (FC). Em seguida, os animais foram eutanasiados e os rins foram coletados para análise histológica, usando as técnicas: Ácido Periódico de Schiff (APS) e Picrossirius, e detecção por imunohistoquímica (IHQ) de marcadores inflamatórios (IL-1?, IL-6). Os resultados obtidos foram avaliados estatisticamente comparando-se os grupos por análise de variância (ANOVA) Fatorial, complementada por teste post hoc de Bonferroni. Para todas as análises foi adotado o nível de significância de p<=0,05. Tanto SHR quanto WKY apresentaram melhora no desempenho físico. Ao final do TA, somente os SHR apresentaram queda de pressão arterial média (PAM) e tanto SHR quanto WKY apresentaram queda de FC. A análise morfométrica glomerular mostrou que o TA induziu um aumento da área do glomérulo no WKY, e um aumento da área da cápsula de Bowman e da área do glomérulo no SHR. Também observamos diminuição na deposição de fibras de colágeno, proteoglicanos, IL-1? e IL-6 glomerulares, induzida pelo TA. Concluindo, os dados indicam que o TA induziu um remodelamento glomerular benéfico e uma redução na expressão de IL-1? e IL-6 nos animais hipertensos, o que possivelmente está associado à queda de PAM observada / Considering that the increase in blood pressure (BP) is an important trigger for inflammatory response and structural changes as adaptive way, the hypothesis of this study is that aerobic training (TA) may induce a beneficial glomerular remodeling and act on the expression of inflammatory cytokines. To address this hypothesis, we considered the following objectives: 1) to assess the time course of TA that leads to morphological improvement, 2) evaluate the expression of inflammatory markers in the temporal course of TA. We used male normotensive (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The animals were divided into fourteen groups, among hypertensive and normotensive trained and sedentary. Evaluations of maximum effort test (TEM) were taken at weeks 0, 6 and 12, in order to evaluate the physical performance and permit adjustments in the protocol of TA. At weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 12, the rats underwent femoral artery catheterization for measurement of BP and heart rate (HR). After then, the animals were euthanized and kidneys were collected for histological analysis, using the techniques of periodic acid-Schiff (APS) and picrosirius, and detection by immunohistochemistry (IHC) of inflammatory markers (IL-1? and IL-6). The results were statistically evaluated by comparing the groups by analysis of variance (ANOVA) Factorial, complemented by Bonferroni\'s post hoc test. For all analyzes was adopted significance level of p <= 0.05. Both SHR as WKY showed improvement in physical performance. At the end of the TA, only SHR decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP), when both SHR and WKY decreased HR. The glomerular morphometric analysis revealed that TA induced an increase in the glomerular area in WKY and an increase in the area of Bowman\'s capsule and of glomerulus in SHR. We also observed a decrease in the deposition of collagen fibers and proteoglycans in glomerulus, and IL-1? and IL-6 IHQ staining in glomerulus induced by TA. In conclusion, our data suggests that TA induces a beneficial glomerular remodeling and a reduction in the glomerular expression of IL-1? and IL-6 in hypertensive animals, which is possibly associated with the reduction observed in MAP

Introdução: Entre as doenças cardiovasculares, a Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) é a mais prevalente e aumenta progressivamente com a idade. A variabilidade da frequência cardíaca (VFC) é um fenômeno normal e esperado, indicando a habilidade do coração em responder aos múltiplos desafios, aos quais o sistema cardiovascular é constantemente exposto. O envelhecimento fisiológico leva a uma redução da VFC que está associada ao aumento nos índices de morbidade e mortalidade. A variabilidade da pressão arterial (VPA) no período de vinte e quatro horas pode estar associada a dano de órgãos-alvo, independente da PA média do período de vigília e de sono, e pode ter grande importância clínica. A VPA se demonstra maior em indivíduos idosos e hipertensos que em normotensos. Estudos mostram que o exercício físico (EF), principalmente o aeróbio, exerce efeitos benéficos na pressão arterial (PA) e na VFC, porém existem ainda muitos resultados inconclusivos, principalmente em idosos hipertensos. Objetivos: Avaliar o efeito de diferentes tipos de treinamento físico (TF) na VPA e VFC em idosos hipertensos por meio da monitorização ambulatorial da PA (MAPA) e do Tilt Test passivo, bem como na PA nas 24 horas e na composição corporal. Métodos: Participaram da pesquisa 61 idosos, hipertensos controlados, sem diabetes, sem hipo ou hipertireoidismo, sem hipercolesterolemia, sem fazer uso de fármacos betabloqueadores e sem experiência com TF. Os idosos foram submetidos ao teste ergométrico (TE) (critério diagnóstico e prescrição do TF) e realizaram exames laboratoriais previamente à randomização do estudo. Os idosos realizaram antes e após o protocolo de pesquisa a MAPA, o Tilt Test passivo e a bioimpedância elétrica para avaliação da composição corporal. Os indivíduos foram randomizados em três grupos de TF, grupo de treinamento aeróbio continuo (AC), grupo de treinamento aeróbio intervalado (AI), grupo de treinamento resistido (R) e grupo controle (C), todos com quinze participantes. Os indivíduos que realizaram o TF foram submetidos a doze semanas de treinamento com três sessões semanais. Todas as sessões de TF totalizaram quarenta minutos. Para os indivíduos do AC a sessão constituiu-se de cinco minutos de aquecimento, cinco de volta a calma e trinta minutos de exercício a 70% da frequência cardíaca máxima (FCM). No AI, também foi realizado aquecimento e volta a calma, com trinta minutos de TF com alternância entre intensidades (dois minutos a 60% da FCM e dois minutos a 80%). Para a prescrição do R utilizou-se o teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) e os indivíduos realizaram os exercícios com 75% da carga obtida no teste em três séries (uma de aquecimento a 50%) em dez exercícios. Para os indivíduos do grupo C, apenas recomendou-se que mantivessem suas atividades habituais. Análise estatística: Modelo de efeitos mistos, ANOVA two-way e teste \"t\" de Student pareado. Resultados: Na antropometria e na composição corporal não observamos diferenças intra e inter os grupos (p>0,05) antes e após o protocolo de pesquisa nas variáveis índice de massa corporal (IMC), circunferência da cintura (CC), circunferência abdominal (CA), massa magra (MM), massa gorda (MG) e água corporal total (ACT). Na avaliação da PA não foi encontrada diferença significativa nas 24 horas após os diferentes TF. Com relação à PA diastólica (PAD) nos períodos de vigília e sono, houve efeito do R na potencialização da queda da PAD no período do sono. A VFC não apresentou diferença entre os grupos na condição basal antes e após o protocolo. Após o treinamento, com a realização da manobra postural passiva (MPP), houve diferença em algumas variáveis da VFC. No grupo AC, comparando-se com o momento basal e a MPP após o protocolo de treinamento houve diferença de aumento da variabilidade nos parâmetros: baixa frequência (LF) (p=0,01), Entropia (p=0,016) e da análise de flutuações depuradas de tendências de curto prazo (DFA?1) (p=0,007). No grupo AI, LF (p=0,01) e da DFA?1 (p=0,002). No R, a raiz quadrado da média do quadrado das diferenças entre intervalos RR normais adjacentes (RMSSD) (p=0,003) e alta frequência (HF) (p=0,016). No grupo C, apenas mudança em LF (p=0,03). Com relação a análise entre grupos na MPP nas condições pré e pós intervenção, houve diferenças (p<0,05) nas variáveis RMSSD para o R e G, Entropia para AC, AI e C e DFA?1 no AC e AI. Conclusões: Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos de TF com relação à composição corporale as médias da PA ao longo das 24 horas. No entanto, analisando a VPA, o R apresentou maior queda da PAD durante o período de sono. Tratando-se da VFC, o AC mostrou-se superior aos outros tipos de TF, com aumento da variabilidade em maior número de variáveis da VFC analisadas. / Introduction: Among cardiovascular diseases, Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH) is the most prevalent and progressively increases with age. Heart rate variability (HRV) is a normal and expected phenomenon, indicating the heart\'s ability to respond to multiple challenges to which the cardiovascular system is constantly exposed. Physiological aging leads to a reduction in HRV which is associated with an increase in morbidity and mortality rates. Blood pressure variability (BPV) in the twenty-four hour period may be associated with target organ damage, regardless of the mean BP of the waking and sleep period, and may be of great clinical importance. VPA is shown to be higher in elderly and hypertensive individuals than in normotensive individuals. Studies have shown that physical exercise (PE), especially aerobic exercise, has beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP) and HRV, but there are still many inconclusive results, especially in elderly hypertensive patients. Objectives: To evaluate the effect of different types of physical training (PT) on VPA and HRV in hypertensive elderly patients through ambulatorial BP monitoring (ABPM) and passive Tilt Test, as well as BP in 24 hours and body composition. Methods: Sixty-one elderly, hypertensive patients with no diabetes, no hypo- or hyperthyroidism, no hypercholesterolemia, no beta-blocker drugs, and no experience with PD participated in the study. The elderly were submitted to stress test (ST) (diagnostic criteria and prescription of the PT) and performed laboratory tests prior to randomization of the study. The elderly performed before and after the research protocol the ABPM, the passive Tilt Test and the electrical bioimpedance to evaluate the body composition. Subjects were randomized into three groups of PT, continuous aerobic training (CA), interval aerobic training (IA), resistance training (R) and control (C) groups, all with fifteen participants. The individuals who performed the PT were submitted to twelve weeks of training with three weekly sessions. All PT sessions totaled forty minutes. For the subjects in the CA the session consisted of five minutes of warm-up, five minutes of calm, and thirty minutes of exercise at 70% of maximum heart rate (MHR). In IA, warm-up was also performed and calming, with thirty minutes of TF with alternation between intensities (two minutes at 60% of FCM and two minutes at 80%). For the R prescription the maximum repetition test was used and the subjects performed the exercises with 75% of the load obtained in the test in three serie in ten exercises. For individuals in group C, it was only recommended that they continue their usual activities. Statistical analysis: Mixed effects model, two-way ANOVA and paired Student t-test. Results: In the anthropometry and in the body composition we did not observe intra and inter group differences (p> 0.05) before and after the research protocol in the variables body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), abdominal circumference AC), lean mass (LM), fat mass (FM) and total body water (TBW). In the evaluation of BP, no significant difference was found in the 24 hours after the different PT. With regard to diastolic BP (DBP) during the waking and sleep periods, there was an effect of R on the potentiation of DBP drop in the sleep period. The HRV did not present differences between the groups in the baseline condition before and after the protocol. With the passive postural maneuber (PPM), there were differences in some HRV variables. In the CA group, comparing to baseline condition and PPM after the training protocol there was a difference in the variability in the parameters: low frequency (LF) (p = 0.01), Entropy up = 0.016) and analysis of short-term trends (DFAa1) (p = 0.007). In the IA group, LF (p = 0.01) and DFAa1 (p = 0.002). In R, the square root of the square mean of the differences between adjacent normal RR intervals (RMSSD) (p = 0.003) and high frequency (HF) (p = 0.016). In group C, only change in LF (p = 0.03). Regarding the analysis between groups in the PPM in the pre- and post-intervention conditions, there were differences (p <0.05) in the RMSSD variables for R and C, Entropy for CA, IA and C and DFA?1 on CA and IA. Conclusions: There was no significant difference between the PT groups regarding the body composition and the mean BP during the 24 hours. However, by analyzing the BPV, the R showed greater fall of the DBP during the sleep period. As for HRV, CA was superior to other types of PT, with increased variability in a greater number of HRV variables analyzed.