L’objet du travail est d’étudier les prolongements de sous-copules. Un cas important de l’utilisation de tels prolongements est l’estimation non paramétrique d’une copule par le lissage d’une sous-copule (la copule empirique). Lorsque l’estimateur obtenu est une copule, cet estimateur est un prolongement de la souscopule. La thèse présente au chapitre 2 la construction et la convergence uniforme d’un estimateur bona fide d’une copule ou d’une densité de copule. Cet estimateur est un prolongement de type copule empirique basé sur le lissage par le produit tensoriel de fonctions de répartition splines. Le chapitre 3 donne la caractérisation de l’ensemble des prolongements possibles d’une sous-copule. Ce sujet a été traité par le passé; mais les constructions proposées ne s’appliquent pas à la dépendance dans des espaces très généraux. Le chapitre 4 s’attèle à résoudre le problème suivant posé par [Carley, 2002]. Il s’agit de trouver la borne supérieure des prolongements en dimension 3 d’une sous-copule de domaine fini. / The extension of subcopulas is an important domain. One of possible applications is the nonparametric estimation of a copula: it consists of the smoothing of a subcopula (the empirical copula) while preserving the copulas properties. In Chapter 2, we present an extension of the empirical copula based on the tensor product of splines functions. Our estimators are bona fide estimators of the copula. Chapter 3 tackles the problem of finding all possible extensions of a given subcopula. This subject has been treated in the literature but these characterizations do not apply on very general spaces. Chapter 4 deals with the following problem: finding the expression of the upper bound of the extensions of a finite subcopula in dimension 3.

The main research problem concerns the characteristics of tick-borne disease and determine the quantity and quality of information that students get in health education and biology of these diseases. The theoretical part deals with the history, etiology, clinical features, diagnosis, treatment and prevention of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme disease. It also discusses the general problems of tick and other diseases that ticks carry and cause. Also is mentioned the inclusion of tick-borne diseases in the educational program. The practical part is devoted to the awareness of upper primary school students and changes in their knowledge about the issue during their elementary education. The aim of this thesis is to determine how the students are informed about diseases transmitted by ticks, especially about Lyme disease and tick-borne encephalitis. This method is used questionnaire, which includes questions regarding this issue. Although the results of the research show a certain degree of knowledge of students at upper primary school, especially in some classes is unsatisfactory. Based on research, there is provided a recommendation for pedagogical practices. KEYWORDS: tick, tick-borne encephalitis, Lyme disease, knowledge, disease, upper primary school

L’optimisation sans dérivées (OSD) a connu un regain d’intérêt ces dernières années, principalement motivée par le besoin croissant de résoudre les problèmes d’optimisation définis par des fonctions dont les valeurs sont calculées par simulation (par exemple, la conception technique, la restauration d’images médicales ou de nappes phréatiques).Ces dernières années, un certain nombre de méthodes d’optimisation sans dérivée ont été développées et en particulier des méthodes fondées sur un modèle de région de confiance se sont avérées obtenir de bons résultats.Dans cette thèse, nous présentons un nouvel algorithme de région de confiance, basé sur l’interpolation, qui se montre efficace et globalement convergent (en ce sens que sa convergence vers un point stationnaire est garantie depuis tout point de départ arbitraire). Le nouvel algorithme repose sur la technique d’auto-correction de la géométrie proposé par Scheinberg and Toint (2010). Dans leur théorie, ils ont fait avancer la compréhension du rôle de la géométrie dans les méthodes d’OSD à base de modèles. Dans notre travail, nous avons pu améliorer considérablement l’efficacité de leur méthode, tout en maintenant ses bonnes propriétés de convergence. De plus, nous examinons l’influence de différents types de modèles d’interpolation sur les performances du nouvel algorithme.Nous avons en outre étendu cette méthode pour prendre en compte les contraintes de borne par l’application d’une stratégie d’activation. Considérer une méthode avec ensemble actif pour l’optimisation basée sur des modèles d’interpolation donne la possibilité d’économiser une quantité importante d’évaluations de fonctions. Il permet de maintenir les ensembles d’interpolation plus petits tout en poursuivant l’optimisation dans des sous-espaces de dimension inférieure. L’algorithme résultant montre un comportement numérique très compétitif. Nous présentons des résultats sur un ensemble de problèmes-tests issu de la collection CUTEr et comparons notre méthode à des algorithmes de référence appartenant à différentes classes de méthodes d’OSD.Pour réaliser des expériences numériques qui intègrent le bruit, nous créons un ensemble de cas-tests bruités en ajoutant des perturbations à l’ensemble des problèmes sans bruit. Le choix des problèmes bruités a été guidé par le désir d’imiter les problèmes d’optimisation basés sur la simulation. Enfin, nous présentons des résultats sur une application réelle d’un problème de conception de forme d’une aile fourni par Airbus. / Derivative-free optimization (DFO) has enjoyed renewed interest over the past years, mostly motivated by the ever growing need to solve optimization problems defined by functions whose values are computed by simulation (e.g. engineering design, medical image restoration or groundwater supply).In the last few years, a number of derivative-free optimization methods have been developed and especially model-based trust-region methods have been shown to perform well.In this thesis, we present a new interpolation-based trust-region algorithm which shows to be efficient and globally convergent (in the sense that its convergence is guaranteed to a stationary point from arbitrary starting points). The new algorithm relies on the technique of self-correcting geometry proposed by Scheinberg and Toint [128] in 2009. In their theory, they advanced the understanding of the role of geometry in model-based DFO methods, in our work, we improve the efficiency of their method while maintaining its good theoretical convergence properties. We further examine the influence of different types of interpolation models on the performance of the new algorithm.Furthermore, we extended this method to handle bound constraints by applying an active-set strategy. Considering an active-set method in bound-constrained model-based optimization creates the opportunity of saving a substantial amount of function evaluations. It allows to maintain smaller interpolation sets while proceeding optimization in lower dimensional subspaces. The resulting algorithm is shown to be numerically highly competitive. We present results on a test set of smooth problems from the CUTEr collection and compare to well-known state-of-the-art packages from different classes of DFO methods.To report numerical experiments incorporating noise, we create a test set of noisy problems by adding perturbations to the set of smooth problems. The choice of noisy problems was guided by a desire to mimic simulation-based optimization problems. Finally, we will present results on a real-life application of a wing-shape design problem provided by Airbus.

Poucos são os estudos acerca da saúde de onças-pintadas em vida livre. Visando obter melhores parâmetros para avaliação clínica desta espécie ameaçada de extinção, foram realizados exame clínico, hemograma, perfil bioquímico e acompanhamento de 10 onças-pintadas da região de Corumbá, no Pantanal do Mato Grosso do Sul. Além disso, buscando obter informações sobre o possível papel da espécie como suscetível, hospedeira ou sentinela de patógenos de importância em saúde pública e animal, amostras destas 10 onças foram testadas através de métodos sorológicos para verificar contato com vírus rábico, Rickettsia spp. e Ehrlichia canis. As amostras das onças e os carrapatos que as parasitavam no momento das capturas foram testados por reação em cadeia pela polimerase para a família Anaplasmataceae e os gêneros Rickettsia, Borrelia, Coxiella, Hepatozoon e Babesia. Este é o primeiro estudo a relatar os valores de hemograma e perfil bioquímico de uma população de onças-pintadas de vida livre. Dois animais, assintomáticos, apresentaram baixo título sorológico para o vírus da raiva, sugerindo contato da espécie com este patógeno. Todas as onças capturadas foram consideradas soropositivas para Rickettsia spp., e Rickettsia parkeri foi sequenciada a partir de um Amblyomma triste que estava parasitando um dos animais. Foi descoberta uma possível nova espécie do gênero Ehrlichia através do sequenciamento de DNA obtido de um Amblyomma triste e um Amblyomma cajenense que estavam parasitando onças. Quatro onças-pintadas foram consideradas soropositivas para Ehrlichia canis, possivelmente uma reação cruzada com esta outra espécie. Todas as onças-pintadas avaliadas neste estudo apresentaram DNA de Cytauxzoon sp., com 98% de similaridade a C. felis, em amostras sanguíneas. Todas as onças avaliadas neste estudo apresentaram DNA de Hepatozoon sp., com 98% de similaridade a H. felis, em amostras sanguíneas. As onças apresentavam boas condições de saúde geral. / Few studies have been conducted to investigate the health of free-ranging jaguars. In order to obtain better parameters for clinical evaluation of this endangered species, clinical exams, hemogram, biochemical tests and ecological monitoring were done for 10 jaguars in the Pantanal region - Corumbá City, Mato Grosso do Sul State. This project also evaluated the possible role of this species as susceptible, host or sentinel for pathogens of public and/or animal health importance, testing samples from these animals by serological methods to rabies virus, Rickettsia spp. and Ehrlichia canis. All samples and all ticks collected from the jaguars were also tested by polymerase chain reaction to the Anaplasmataceae family and the genera Rickettsia, Borrelia, Coxiella, Hepatozoon and Babesia. This is the first report of hemograms and biochemical profile of a free-ranging jaguar population. Two asymptomatic animals presented low seropositivity for rabies virus, suggesting contact with this pathogen. All jaguars were considered seropositive for Rickettsia spp., and Rickettsia parkeri was sequenced from an Amblyomma triste that was parasitizing one of the animals. A possible new species of the genus Ehrlichia has been identified by DNA sequencing obtained from an Amblyomma triste and an Amblyomma cajenense that were parasitizing jaguars. Four jaguars were considered seropositive for Ehrlichia canis, possibly a cross-reaction with this other species. All jaguars evaluated in this study presented DNA fragments of Cytauxzoon sp., 98% similarity to C. felis in blood samples. In addition, all jaguars presented DNA fragments of Hepatozoon sp., 98% similarity to H. felis in blood samples. In general, these jaguars presented good health.

Les processus décisionnels de Markov (MDP) sont un formalisme mathématique des domaines de l'intelligence artificielle telle que la planification, l'apprentissage automatique, l'apprentissage par renforcement... Résoudre un MDP permet d'identifier la stratégie (politique) optimale d'un agent en interaction avec un environnement stochastique. Lorsque la taille de ce système est très grande il devient difficile de résoudre ces processus par les moyens classiques. Cette thèse porte sur la résolution des MDP de grande taille. Elle étudie certaines méthodes de résolutions: comme les abstractions et les méthodes dites de projection. Elle montre les limites de certaines abstractions et identifie certaines structures "les bisimulations" qui peuvent s'avérer intéressantes pour une résolution approchée du problème. Cette thèse s'est également intéressée à une méthode de projection l'algorithme Least square temporal difference LSTD(λ). Une estimation de la borne sur la vitesse de convergence de cet algorithme a été établie avec une mise en valeur du rôle joué par le paramètre [lambda]. Cette analyse a été étendue pour déduire une borne de performance pour l'algorithme Least square non stationary policy iteration LS(λ)NSPI en estimant la borne d'erreur entre la valeur calculée à une itération fixée et la valeur sous la politique optimale qu'on cherche à identifier / Markov Decision Processes (MDP) are a mathematical formalism of many domains of artifical intelligence such as planning, machine learning, reinforcement learning... Solving an MDP means finding the optimal strategy or policy of an agent interacting in a stochastic environment. When the size of this system becomes very large it becomes hard to solve this problem with classical methods. This thesis deals with the resolution of MDPs with large state space. It studies some resolution methods such as: abstractions and the projection methods. It shows the limits of some approachs and identifies some structures that may be interesting for the MDP resolution. This thesis focuses also on projection methods, the Least square temporal difference algorithm LSTD(λ). An estimate of the rate of the convergence of this algorithm has been derived with an emphasis on the role played by the parameter [lambda]. This analysis has then been generalized to the case of Least square non stationary policy iteration LS(λ)NSPI . We compute a performance bound for LS([lambda])NSPI by bounding the error between the value computed given a fixed iteration and the value computed under the optimal policy, that we aim to determine

Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Ticks and tick-borne diseases are important limiting factors to the attainment of sustainable animal and human health, affecting livelihood of resource poor farming communities in developing countries. Rhipicephalus appendiculatus and Amblyomma variegatum (Ixodidae) are among the most troubling tick species in Africa. While ticks can be controlled by applying chemical acaricides, these chemicals are quite expensive, especially, for small-scale famers in developing countries. Hence, the quest for alternative tick control over the years have revealed that entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and plant extracts have huge prospects as sustainable alternatives for tick control. Beauveria bassiana (Hypocreales) is a fungal entomopathogen with the ability to colonize plants endophytically and induce secondary metabolite production in plants, and it has been found to be a potential biological control agent against a wide range of arthropods. Several plant species including plant species belonging to the family Alliaceae possess anti-tick activities (repellent and toxic); therefore, integrating the two strategies by inoculating Tulbaghia violacea with B. bassiana could enhance secondary metabolite contents in extracts obtained from the plant and increase medicinal materials. The primary purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effect of indigenous endophytic entomopathogens inoculation of T. violacea on the plant growth, tissue nutrient contents and secondary metabolites, and anti-tick activities of extracts of T. violacea. The specific objectives were: (i) to carry out a study on the effects of inoculating T. violacea with fungal strains of B. bassiana and Clonostachys rosea on plant growth and tissue nutrient contents in extracts of T. violacea with the view of selecting one of the two fungi for further investigation (ii) to compare secondary metabolite profiles of extracts obtained from plants exposed to fungus (EPF) inoculum and control treatment during cultivation, and (iii) to determine whether exposure of T. violacea to an endophytic fungus (B. bassiana) during cultivation affects the repellent and acaricidal activities of extracts of T. violacea on A. variegatum and R. appendiculatus. The study had two experiments, presented in chapters two and three. In the first experiment, eight weeks old potted seedlings of T. violacea were inoculated separately with B. bassiana (strain SM3) and C. rosea (strain SM8) conidia suspended at concentrations of 1 x 106 conidia mL-1. Plant growth parameters, such as number of leaves, plant height (aerial part), fresh weights of aerial parts, and tissue nutrient contents were assessed. Results indicated that B. bassiana induced higher growth of plants than C. rosea. Inoculation with B. bassiana did not significantly (P ˃ 0.05) influence most of the growth parameters, number of leaves, fresht weight of roots and of fresh weight aerial parts (leaves) of T. violacea assessed in the current study. However, mean plant heights and root lengths were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in favour of B. bassiana treated plants compared to those in C. rosea. Fe contents in the roots (1416.3 ± 305.10 mg/kg) were found to be positively influenced (P < 0.05) by the fungal inoculation. There was a significant difference in roots (P < 0.05) on the uptake of Mn in C. rosea treated plants (243 ± 19 mg/kg) compared to the control group (169 ± 16.37 mg/kg) and B. bassiana treated roots (161.3 ± 14.44 mg/kg). Macro nutrients up take did not differ significantly among treatments on both leaves and roots (P > 0.05).

Cette thèse porte sur l’indécomposabilité dans les graphes et les tournois. Elle comporte cinq chapitres dont le premier est introductif. Le deuxième chapitre consiste en une étude des tournois indécomposables suivant les tournois indécomposables à 5 ou à 7 sommets qu’ils abritent [3, 2]. Le troisième chapitre est une caractérisation des tournois (-1)-critiques avec une description morphologique de ces tournois [4,5]. Le quatrième chapitre contient une caractérisation des graphes (-1)-critiques [6], répondant ainsi, dans le cas général, à un problème posé par Y. Boudabbous et P. Ille[10]. Le cinquième chapitre est consacré à une opération d’inversion dans les tournois et un invariant, l’indice d’inversion d’un tournoi, dont l’étude a été proposée par M. Pouzet. Le fait que les tournois (-1)-critiques sont d’indice entre 2 et 4 est le lien avec l’étude de la criticalité. Plusieurs propriétés de la classe des tournois d’indice au plus n sont données. / This thesis focuses on indecomposability in graphs and tournaments. It contains five chapters, The first is introductory. The second chapter is a study of indecomposable tournaments according to the indecomposable subtournaments on 5 or 7 vertices embedding in. The third chapter is a characterization of the (-1)-critical tournaments. The fourth chapter contains a characterization of the (-1)-critical graphs answering in the general case, to a problem asked by Y. Boudabbous and P. Ille. The fifth chapter is devoted to an inversion operation in tournaments and an invariant, the inversion index of a tournament, which the study was proposed by M. Pouzet. The fact that the inversion index of a (-1)-critical tournament is between 2 and 4 is the link with the study of criticality. Many properties of the class of tournaments with inversion index at most n are given

Orientador: Sandra Elisa Contri Pitton / Banca: Ana Tereza Caceres Cortez / Banca: Amanda Erica Domingos / Resumo: A forma pela qual os recursos hídricos são utilizados vem degradando os mananciais a um nível tal que se compromete a qualidade de vida das populações. Exauridos pela atividade antrópica, esse fato pode se tornar, no futuro, causador de conflitos. O setor de saneamento básico, sendo um dos que mais se utilizam dos recursos hídricos, é parte de fundamental importância no sentido de promover a melhoria da qualidade de vida da população, utilizando os recursos hídricos de maneira ambientalmente sustentável e garantindo os serviços de abastecimento de água e esgotamento sanitário, mesmo no cenário atual de crescente urbanização, quando se enfrenta a falta de recursos suficientes para expansão dos serviços e a ineficiência no uso dos recursos arrecadados no setor. No quadro dessa problemática, este estudo analisa o espaço urbano da zona leste de Teresina, focalizando o saneamento básico em seus bairros no que diz respeito à problemática dos serviços de abastecimento de água, esgoto sanitário e coleta de lixo. Verifica-se que as camadas mais pobres da população são as que mais sofrem as conseqüências da falta de infraestrutura desses serviços, com a ocorrência de doenças como hepatite e enteroinfecções, contribuindo para a redução da qualidade de vida da população e evidenciando ainda a segregação social existente entre os bairros de uma mesma região da cidade / Abstract: The way in which water resources are used is degrading the water sources at a level that compromises the quality of life of populations. Depleted by human activity, this may become in the future, causing conflicts. The basic sanitation sector, being one of the most use of water resources, is part of fundamental importance to improving the quality of life of the population using water resources in an environmentally sustainable manner and ensuring the supply services water and sanitation, even in the current scenario of increasing urbanization, when faced with the lack of sufficient resources for expansion of services and inefficiency in the use of funds raised in the industry. As part of this problem, this study examines the urban spaces of the east side of Teresina, focusing on sanitation in their neighborhoods with respect to the issue of services of water supply, sewage and garbage collection. It appears that the poorest of the population are the ones that suffer the consequences of lack of infrastructure such services, with the occurrence of diseases like hepatitis and enteroinfecções, contributing to reduced quality of life of people and showing also the social segregation between the neighborhoods of the same region of the city / Mestre

Until 2014, scientific knowledge on the diversity of Chilean Ixodoidea summarized 19 species and only agents of Borrelia and Rickettsia genera had been detected. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of further agents of Anaplasma, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia and Hepatozoon by means of molecular tools. Obtained sequences were inserted into a phylogenetic context in order to evaluate their relatedness to microorganisms of know pathogenic roles. As agents of Coxiella genus resulted to be related to endosymbiotic bacteria, data on these organisms was used to perform a taxonomic study with ticks of the Ornithodoors capensis sensu lato complex. The results confirm that Chilean ticks harbor at least three new borrelial, one new rickettsial, and three new Hepatozoon species for science. Moreover, Rickettsia amblyommatis, Rickettsia hoogstraalii and Rickettsia lusitaniae are added to the list of Chilean rickettsiae. Although ticks were positive to Anaplasmataceae PCRs, an accurate study including longer fragments of the 16S RNA targeted gene must be performed in order to confirm their specific identity. Coxiella-like endosymbionts are specific of every of the four O. capensis s. l. species analyzed in this study, and therefore constitute a useful tool in order to confirm the identities and define genetic boundaries of ticks of this group in South America. Finally, the results of this study add at least five new species of Argasidae family into Chilean fauna of ticks, and point the occurrence of several forms that need further assessment in order to accurately confirm their identities. / Até 2014, o conhecimento científico sobre a diversidade de Ixodoidea no Chile estava representado por 19 espécies e apenas agentes infecciosos dos gêneros Borrelia e Rickettsia haviam sido descritos. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a ocorrência de outros patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos por meio de técnicas moleculares orientadas para a deteção de Anaplasma, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia e Hepatozoon. As sequências obtidas foram analisadas filogeneticamente, identificando-se suas posições em comparação à de organismos de papeis patogénicos já conhecidos. Como os agentes do gênero Coxiella apresentaram proximidade filogenética em relação a bactérias congenêricas endosimbiontes, os dados sobre estas foram utilizados para realizar um estudo taxonômico em carrapatos do complexo Ornithodoros capensis sensu lato. Em geral, os resultados confirmam a presença de pelo menos três novas espécies de Borrelia, uma nova Rickettsia, e três novas espécies de Hepatozoon para a ciência. Rickettsia amblyommatis, Rickettsia hoogstraalii e Rickettsia lusitaniae foram inseridas como novos agentes associados a carrapatos no Chile. Embora alguns carrapatos fossem positivos para a presença de bactérias da família Anaplasmataceae, futuros estudos devem ser desenvolvidos para confirmar a sua condição especifica, especialmente através da obtenção de maiores fragmentos do gene codificante para RNA 16S. Os organismos tipo Coxiella são específicos para cada uma das quatro espécies de carrapatos do grupo O. capensis analisados neste estudo. Portanto, constituem uma ferramenta de valor taxonômico para confirmar as identidades e limites genéticos destes. Finalmente, os resultados deste estudo adicionam pelo menos cinco novas espécies de carrapatos para a família Argasidae no Chile e apontam a ocorrência de várias morfotipos de condição incerta que precisam de maiores análises para esclarecer a com certeza a sua posição taxonômica.

Until 2014, scientific knowledge on the diversity of Chilean Ixodoidea summarized 19 species and only agents of Borrelia and Rickettsia genera had been detected. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the occurrence of further agents of Anaplasma, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia and Hepatozoon by means of molecular tools. Obtained sequences were inserted into a phylogenetic context in order to evaluate their relatedness to microorganisms of know pathogenic roles. As agents of Coxiella genus resulted to be related to endosymbiotic bacteria, data on these organisms was used to perform a taxonomic study with ticks of the Ornithodoors capensis sensu lato complex. The results confirm that Chilean ticks harbor at least three new borrelial, one new rickettsial, and three new Hepatozoon species for science. Moreover, Rickettsia amblyommatis, Rickettsia hoogstraalii and Rickettsia lusitaniae are added to the list of Chilean rickettsiae. Although ticks were positive to Anaplasmataceae PCRs, an accurate study including longer fragments of the 16S RNA targeted gene must be performed in order to confirm their specific identity. Coxiella-like endosymbionts are specific of every of the four O. capensis s. l. species analyzed in this study, and therefore constitute a useful tool in order to confirm the identities and define genetic boundaries of ticks of this group in South America. Finally, the results of this study add at least five new species of Argasidae family into Chilean fauna of ticks, and point the occurrence of several forms that need further assessment in order to accurately confirm their identities. / Até 2014, o conhecimento científico sobre a diversidade de Ixodoidea no Chile estava representado por 19 espécies e apenas agentes infecciosos dos gêneros Borrelia e Rickettsia haviam sido descritos. O objetivo deste estudo foi o de avaliar a ocorrência de outros patógenos transmitidos por carrapatos por meio de técnicas moleculares orientadas para a deteção de Anaplasma, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, Rickettsia e Hepatozoon. As sequências obtidas foram analisadas filogeneticamente, identificando-se suas posições em comparação à de organismos de papeis patogénicos já conhecidos. Como os agentes do gênero Coxiella apresentaram proximidade filogenética em relação a bactérias congenêricas endosimbiontes, os dados sobre estas foram utilizados para realizar um estudo taxonômico em carrapatos do complexo Ornithodoros capensis sensu lato. Em geral, os resultados confirmam a presença de pelo menos três novas espécies de Borrelia, uma nova Rickettsia, e três novas espécies de Hepatozoon para a ciência. Rickettsia amblyommatis, Rickettsia hoogstraalii e Rickettsia lusitaniae foram inseridas como novos agentes associados a carrapatos no Chile. Embora alguns carrapatos fossem positivos para a presença de bactérias da família Anaplasmataceae, futuros estudos devem ser desenvolvidos para confirmar a sua condição especifica, especialmente através da obtenção de maiores fragmentos do gene codificante para RNA 16S. Os organismos tipo Coxiella são específicos para cada uma das quatro espécies de carrapatos do grupo O. capensis analisados neste estudo. Portanto, constituem uma ferramenta de valor taxonômico para confirmar as identidades e limites genéticos destes. Finalmente, os resultados deste estudo adicionam pelo menos cinco novas espécies de carrapatos para a família Argasidae no Chile e apontam a ocorrência de várias morfotipos de condição incerta que precisam de maiores análises para esclarecer a com certeza a sua posição taxonômica.