A utilização da Internet cresceu amplamente nos últimos anos e tem propiciado o desenvolvimento de diversas ferramentas de comunicação via web. Têm se destacado, de maneira especial, as ferramentas que possibilitam a disponibilização online de conteúdos diversos, criados pelos próprios usuários, como as wikis. O sucesso obtido pelas wikis deve-se, em grande parte, à pequena quantidade de esforço necessário para a edição das páginas, indicando que esta característica é muito apreciada pelos usuários. Visando tornar o processo de edição de wikis ainda mais ágil, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de como os mensageiros instantâneos podem auxiliar nesta tarefa. Assim, uma nova nova forma de interação no processo de edição de wikis, por meio de Mensageiro Instantâneo, foi projetada e implementada. Essa forma de interação proposta altera a forma de interação com wikis convencional, no sentido de possibilitar que o autor do conteúdo a ser editado na wiki não necessite mudar de seu ambiente de comunicação, que atualmente tem sido muito utilizado, o de troca de mensagens por meio do mensageiro instantâneo. Além disso, esta pesquisa possibilitou a identificação de diversas vantagens e desvantagens da utilização de bots de mensageiros instantâneos, encontradas na literatura, bem como durante os experimentos e estudos de caso realizados / The Internet usage has grown significantly in recent years and has fomented the development of several communication tools via web. Tools that make available the various online contents created by the users, such as wikis should be especially highlighted. The success achieved by wikis is due in large extent to the small amount of effort required to edit pages. This is an indicator that this feature is very appreciated by users. In order to make the editing process of wikis even faster, this work presents a proposal of using integrated Instant Messaging tools features with wikis. Thus, a new means of interaction in the process of editing in wikis, via Instant Messenger, was designed and implemented. This proposed means of interaction augments the way of interaction with conventional wikis, by enabling authors to edit the wiki content without having to shift from his/her communication environment in use. This proposal is supported by the fact that Instant Messaging systems have been widely used and adopted. Moreover, this research provides evidences to help the identification of advantages and disadvantages of the use of bots in Instant Messaging, from the results of the experiments and case studies conducted

A utilização da Internet cresceu amplamente nos últimos anos e tem propiciado o desenvolvimento de diversas ferramentas de comunicação via web. Têm se destacado, de maneira especial, as ferramentas que possibilitam a disponibilização online de conteúdos diversos, criados pelos próprios usuários, como as wikis. O sucesso obtido pelas wikis deve-se, em grande parte, à pequena quantidade de esforço necessário para a edição das páginas, indicando que esta característica é muito apreciada pelos usuários. Visando tornar o processo de edição de wikis ainda mais ágil, este trabalho apresenta uma proposta de como os mensageiros instantâneos podem auxiliar nesta tarefa. Assim, uma nova nova forma de interação no processo de edição de wikis, por meio de Mensageiro Instantâneo, foi projetada e implementada. Essa forma de interação proposta altera a forma de interação com wikis convencional, no sentido de possibilitar que o autor do conteúdo a ser editado na wiki não necessite mudar de seu ambiente de comunicação, que atualmente tem sido muito utilizado, o de troca de mensagens por meio do mensageiro instantâneo. Além disso, esta pesquisa possibilitou a identificação de diversas vantagens e desvantagens da utilização de bots de mensageiros instantâneos, encontradas na literatura, bem como durante os experimentos e estudos de caso realizados / The Internet usage has grown significantly in recent years and has fomented the development of several communication tools via web. Tools that make available the various online contents created by the users, such as wikis should be especially highlighted. The success achieved by wikis is due in large extent to the small amount of effort required to edit pages. This is an indicator that this feature is very appreciated by users. In order to make the editing process of wikis even faster, this work presents a proposal of using integrated Instant Messaging tools features with wikis. Thus, a new means of interaction in the process of editing in wikis, via Instant Messenger, was designed and implemented. This proposed means of interaction augments the way of interaction with conventional wikis, by enabling authors to edit the wiki content without having to shift from his/her communication environment in use. This proposal is supported by the fact that Instant Messaging systems have been widely used and adopted. Moreover, this research provides evidences to help the identification of advantages and disadvantages of the use of bots in Instant Messaging, from the results of the experiments and case studies conducted

投資計畫和融資決策間存在強烈的連動關係，因此近年來推動新金融商品以為籌資來源在全球資本市場上蔚為風潮，資產證券化便是相當受到重視的新金融工具。 資產證券化（Asset Securitization）最早由美國投資銀行家 Ranieri, Lewis R.於1977年接受《華爾街日報》記者採訪時提出。有別於傳統的融資工具，資產證券化可靈活的設計出不同的架構來滿足不同融資者的需求，在各國也有不同的制度設計以適應不同國家的經濟、法律和社會環境。 由於資產證券化在歐美已行之有年，我國政府為與國際金融接軌，促進金融國際化、自由化及多元化，也展開對資產證券化商品的推動。繼1996年率先頒佈「信託法」、2000年「信託業法」作為資產證券化的鋪路法源後，2002年7月公佈實施「金融資產證券化條例」、2003年7月公佈實施「不動產證券化條例」，而「金融資產證券化條例施行細則」及「不動產證券化條例施行細則」等相關子法也分別於2003年8月、2003年12月陸續公佈實施，國內銀行與證券商等相關業者均相當看好這塊新金融市場之潛力。雖然國內已有金融資產證券化商品及不動產資產信託、不動產投資信託商品，但金融資產證券化商品目前仍以企業貸款、債券貸款及住宅抵押貸款為主要證券化標的，仍有開發新資產基礎的空間。 因應在金融海嘯後，國內政府陸續推出四年5,000億振興經濟擴大公共建設投資計畫及愛台十二項建設等計劃，如同國際潮流，政府諸多公共建設投資計劃中多個項目即規劃採用BOT、BOO、ROT或OT等模式發包予民間投資人。在內部及外在環境條件均有利於民間機構參與公共建設的狀況下，對於參與BOT或BOO的民間機構而言，最關切的問題便是資金的來源與規劃。 本研究以發展環境資源相關BOT案的個案公司為研究基礎，分別以BOT專案計劃本身財務規劃的角度出發之單一資產證券化；及以BOT資產組合透過信託基金方式籌資以募集資金池，支應個案公司長期發展BOT業務的資金來源等兩個方向，探討個案公司以BOT資產為基礎的籌資建議，以為個案公司多元化籌資之參考。 / Investment plan and financing decision have strong feedback relationship. Hence, promote creative financial instruments as the source of funds raising becomes widespread in global capital market in recent years. Asset securitization is regarded as a new and potential financial instrument. The idea of asset securitization was brought up earliest by the American investment banker, Mr. Ranieri Lewis R. while interviewed by “The Wall Street Journal " reporter in 1977. Different from the traditional financing instruments, the request from various financing requirements can be satisfied by issuing asset securitization with the feasibility arrangements of transaction structure. And distinct systems have been structured to get with the local economic, legal and society environment in different countries. Assets securitization has already implemented for a long time in America and Europe. In order to integrate with the global finance market and promote financial internationalization, liberalization and pluralism, the government launched the push of the assets securitization goods in Taiwan. “Trust Business Law”has been issued in 2000 after sourcing first “Trust Law” in 1996, as law of paving the way to assets of securitization. Continually, the government implemented “Financial Asset Securitization Act” in July of 2002 and promulgated “Clauses of the Real Estate Securitization Act” in July of 2003. Following these rules, such relevant sub laws, “Enforcement Rules of the Financial Asset Securitization Act” and “Enforcement Rules of the Real Estate Securitization Act” were announced in August of 2003 and December of 2003 respectively. Consequently, domestic banks and underwriters had already had an optimistic view of the potentiality of this new financial market. Even though there are already financial asset securitization goods, real estate trust and real estate investment trust goods trading in Taiwan capital market. However, the major financial asset securitization goods are major for Collateralized Loan Obligation (“CLO”), Collateralized Bond Obligation (“CBO”) and Residential Mortgage Backed Securities (“RMBS”). It has to cultivate more new asset types as the asset base for securitization goods. After the financial tsunami, the government speeds up domestic public expenditure, such like “NT$ 500 billion for the Special Act for Expanding Investment in Public Works to Revitalize the Economy” and “The i-Taiwan 12 Projects”, etc.. To keep pace with the international market trend, the government plans to adopt the major projects with the participation of private sectors through BOT, BOO, ROT or OT model. Considering the favorable economy environment for public-private partnership, the most critical issue for BOT or BOO developers is only the sourcing and planning of the fund raising. The study focus on an individual environmental resources company which developing BOT related business. The study proposes two options for the future fund raising of the case company. The single BOT assets securitization or raising trust fund as the capital pool for BOT asset combination should be taken as the capital source alternates for the case company to fulfill its capital requirement.

Accurately tracking employee work hours is a vital aspect of managing any organization, regardless of its size. Time reporting serves as a valuable source of information for management teams, enabling them to effectively plan and manage projects, allocate resources, monitor budgets, and track overall productivity. It is an essential component of workforce management that assists companies in making informed decisions regarding scheduling, employee compensation, and resource allocation. Time reporting is an important task for companies. However, the process of time reporting can often be cumbersome and time-consuming for employees. Typically, employees are required to log in to a web application and manually input their work hours, vacation days, and sick leaves. This process can be complicated and prone to errors. To simplify this process, an innovative solution was developed using Information Technology. The solution involved the creation of a Slack bot, which is a chat-bot that can communicate with employees and gather time reporting data automatically. This bot can be integrated with a company’s existing communication tools, allowing employees to report their work hours, vacation days, and sick leaves in real-time using a simple chat interface. The bot can also provide reminders to employees to submit their time reports, reducing the chances of delayed submissions. / Att noggrant spåra anställdas arbetstid är en viktig aspekt av att leda alla organisationer, oavsett dess storlek. Tidsrapportering fungerar som en värdefull informationskälla för ledningsgrupper, vilket gör det möjligt för dem att effektivt planera och hantera projekt, allokera resurser, övervaka budgetar och spåra den totala produktiviteten. Det är en viktig komponent i personalledning som hjälper företag att fatta välgrundade beslut om schemaläggning, ersättning till anställda och resursallokering. Tidsrapportering är en viktig uppgift för företag. Processen med tidsrapportering kan dock ofta vara krånglig och tidskrävande för de anställda. Vanligtvis måste anställda logga in på en webbapplikation och manuellt mata in sina arbetstimmar, semesterdagar och sjukskrivningar. Denna process kan vara komplicerad och risk för fel. För att förenkla denna process utvecklades en innovativ lösning med hjälp av informationsteknologi. Lösningen innebar skapandet av en Slack-bot, som är en chat-bot som kan kommunicera med anställda och samla in tidsrapporteringsdata automatiskt. Denna bot kan integreras med ett företags befintliga kommunikationsverktyg, så att anställda kan rapportera sina arbetstimmar, semesterdagar och sjukskrivningar i realtid med hjälp av ett enkelt chattgränssnitt. Boten kan också ge påminnelser till anställda att skicka in sina tidsrapporter, vilket minskar risken för försenade inlämningar.

The goal of the research activities presented in this thesis is the design of intelligent behaviours for a complex robotic system, which is composed of a swarm of autonomous units. Inspired by the organisational skills of social insects, we are particularly interested in the study of collective behaviours based on self-organisation. The problem of designing self-organising behaviours for a swarm of robots is tackled resorting to artificial evolution, which proceeds in a bottom-up direction by first defining the controllers at the individual level and then testing their effect at the collective level. In this way, it is possible to bypass the difficulties encountered in the decomposition of the global behaviour into individual ones, and the further encoding of the individual behaviours into the controllers' rules. In the experiments presented in this thesis, we show that this approach is viable, as it produces efficient individual controllers and robust self-organising behaviours. To the best of our knowledge, our experiments are the only example of evolved self-organising behaviours that are successfully tested on a physical robotic platform. Besides the engineering value, the evolution of self-organising behaviours for a swarm of robots also provides a mean for the understanding of those biological processes that were a fundamental source of inspiration in the first place. In this perspective, the experiments presented in this thesis can be considered an interesting instance of a synthetic approach to the study of collective intelligence and, more in general, of Cognitive Science.

Purpose The purpose of the project was to investigate how a chatbot, based on the swedish version of Microsoft Bot Framework handles language based varieties of the users questions. This is to provide an overview of how Microsoft Bot Framework works. Method In order to answer the issues and thereby fulfill the purpose of the report, a case study based on the information on parts of the information that was available on the web page for The Courts of Sweden.. A qualitative, experimental study was made where the intelligence in Microsoft Bot Framework’s chatbot technology was tested within the categories of misspelled words, use of synonyms, randomised word order and added contextual and emotional phrases. The research began with the development of two artefacts, one question collecting web crawler and an alternative chatbot, GORCh, that entirely lacks the intelligence that the test should cover. Apart from GORCh, a human respondent was also brought in. These two were used to demonstrate the human intelligence, providing a tool to show whether Microsoft Bot Framework has it. Later, questions and their earlier mentioned variations where created using GORCh and subsequently asked to all respondents. Finally, the answers were analyzed in order to answer the issues. Result There were no case where Microsoft Bot Framework acted in the way expected if it would’ve had intelligence. Hence, the test cannot show any case where such intelligence is used for the cases tested for. Implications It is fully possible to compensate for many of these cases, for example by entering more questions or using Microsofts other tools. This does, however, require manual work from the one who implements a chatbot built on Microsoft Bot framework.. Limitations The test was only done on Microsofts Swedish chatbot service. It does not cover intelligence in any other language. The test only covers questions to a chatbot that is limited to answering one specific subject. / Syfte Projektets syfte var att undersöka hur en chatbot byggd på Microsoft Bot Framework hanterar språkliga varianser av användarens frågor. Detta för att ge en bild av hur Microsoft Bot Framework fungerar. Metod För att besvara frågeställningarna och därmed uppfylla syftet gjordes en fallstudie utifrån delar av den information som fanns tillgänglig på Sveriges Domstolars webbplats. En kvalitativ, experimentell studie gjordes där intelligensen i Microsoft Bot Frameworks chatbotsteknik undersöktes med avseende till framförallt felstavade ord, synonymer, slumpordnad ordföljd och adderade känslofraser. Undersökningen började med att två artefakter togs fram, en frågesamlande web crawler och en alternativ chatbot, GORCh, som helt saknar en sådan form av intelligens som testet undersöker. Utöver GORCh togs även en mänsklig respondent in, detta för att ge ett mått på vad mänsklig intelligens åstadkommer och således ge en skala för vad Microsoft Bot Framework borde åstadkomma om den har mänsklig intelligens. Efter det användes GORCh för att ta fram frågor med tidigare nämnda varianser. Dessa ställs sedan till övriga respondenter. Slutligen analyserades svaren från samtliga respondenter för att kunna besvara forskningsfrågorna. Resultat Det fanns ingen meningsvarians där Microsoft Bot Framework svarade som om en intelligent tolkning hade skett. Därför kan inte testet visa på att det finns en inbyggd simulerad intelligens för att tolka de meningsvarianser som testades. Implikationer Det är fullt möjligt att kompensera för många av fallen, exempelvis genom att fylla i fler frågor eller genom att använda Microsofts andra verktyg. Detta kräver dock manuellt arbete från den som vill implementera en chatbot byggd på Microsoft Bot Framework. Begränsningar Testet gjordes enbart på Microsofts svenska chatbottjänst. Det täcker inte intelligent tolkning på något annat språk. Testet täcker enbart frågor på en chatbot som kan besvara ett enskilt ämne.

As more and more cooperation between government and private sector in public projects, the government is making a further promotion of private participation in public parking lot construction to improve the problem of parking supply exists in our city. This task needs strict project delivery procedure, objective and professional pre-work, but most cases in Taiwan, financial feasibility is private investor¡¦s greatest doubt because of lacking related analysis precisely. That is why there are very few parking lots invested and built by non-government sector. After integrating the ways and processes of private participation in public construction, this study will review the executive deficiency and propose improvement strategy from Taipei¡¦s experience in promotion of parking lot built by private sector. In addition, a currently running parking lot will be involved in case study to illustrate the financial feasibility of BOT. From the result of analysis, it is infeasible through BOT to construct parking lot. It must increase the rate and take some useful measures to make BOT feasible. If it is impossible to raise the parking fee, in order to get the problem resolved, the parking lot should be constructed by government and operated by private sector.

It is been an international trend to introduce the private participation ideas to improve the public service quality. Based on the most concerned issues, such as quality and cost, in the construction and operations phases, the private sector plays an important part in major transportation projects. It is important that the government and private sectors works together to promote construction of infrastructure. It is common to implement the BOT approach to the public major construction project. The BOT approach,which needs the cooperation of both government and private sector, is often implemented in the major construction projects. Unfortunately, due to lots of abuses and corruption happened in the process recently, both of them have to face not only challenges by public but also integrity in every government employee. We find out this is very controversial for the Kaohsiung Mass Rapid Transit project, the most media criticized. That is the reason we the KMRT project is chosen as an example for the study on the private participation in the major government projects. It is necessary to establish a mechanism to control the government and the private sector to balance both benefits. The study will focus on the supervision and management of the administration of government to the private sectors, participating in the major transportation projects. The aim of investigation is to establish the optimal supervision and control operation model based on the maximum participation of private sector and the interest of government. The supervision and control operation model and the project progress in BOT management must according to the rules:standard operation procedures, a robust financial audit system, responsible supervision and management mechanism, and a good partnership of both parties. Therefore, the mechanism has an important function, which reflects effectiveness, efficiency, profit, prevent from abuses, response, and prospects. The study is based on documentation, information research, case study, and suggestions from: Laws and regulations: avoidance of old law and review and modification of new law. System: establishment of audit management meeting and implementation of contract fulfillment management mechanism. Practice: evaluation of planning and the feasibility study, establishment of fair and open selection process, the evaluation of the implementation ability of the private sector, the fair risk sharing in concessionary contract and the enhancement of the management operation.

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In recent years, it has been increasingly become a global trend that public construction projects are carried out through private sector investment, and business management concepts are introduced for the improvement of public service quality. Due to various factors such as quality and revenue, private sectors increasingly play an active and important role in various phases of major public construction works, from building to operation, and government has the need to incorporate the strength of private sectors to facilitate and promote the construction of major national infrastructures. Among various models of private sectors¡¦ participation in public constructions, build-operate-transfer (BOT) is the most commonly adopted business model. However, in the process of promoting major BOT cases, the government had suffers some drawbacks of abuses of power and privilege, and thereby receiving much criticism from general public, and it also has serious negative impact on the integrity of the government. The case of abuses in the government that drew the most criticisms and raised controversies was the Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) case, where as it transpired had repeatedly drawn much attention from the media and the society at large. Therefore, the ETC case is chosen as the subject of the current study. This study is focused on the related rulings of the ETC case by Taipei High Administrative Court and the Supreme Administrative Court, and the related issues of the court¡¦s rulings on the ETC case are investigated and discussed, to clarify the nature and characteristics of BOT and related legal issues. Thus, the related rulings of the ETC case can be used as a lesson learned for future participation of private sectors in public constructions. This study was carried out by literature search, case studies, and collection of public opinions, and as a result the following recommendations were made: 1. Legislative Perspectives: (1) Incorporate international experiences and amend existing legislations to gear to international conventions. (2) Establish rules of judgments for administrative sectors to avoid any abuse or impediment of administrative power. 2. Institutional Perspectives: (1) Expand and encourage participations from all parties, including people¡¦s representatives and third parties. (2) Realize managerial and operational mechanisms. (3) Emphasize consumer¡¦s rights and public interests. (4) Carry out feasibility assessment and advance planning with great care. (5) Establish fair and open evaluation process and operation procedure. (6)Assign reasonable risk-sharing responsibilities for special permission contracts.