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With increased immigration into western democracies, how to establish generalised trust in society has received new attention. Are minorities and immigrants low trust levels best remediated through Putnam’s theory of civil organisation engagement or Rothstein’s theory of impartial institutions? Simultaneously, people are hired based on their cultural identity to work with minorities and immigrants in Swedish public administration, which is thought to increase the target group’s trust. This resembles the ideas of representative bureaucracy and conflicts with traditional merit recruitment and Rothstein’s theory. This thesis uses an inductive ideal type method based on an assumption of thin rationality to study the phenomena of hiring based on cultural identity, which it names cultural professionalism. It askes firstly, what does cultural professionalism contribute with that makes it desirable for actors in public administration and how is this related to trust? Secondly, what are the trade-offs when using cultural professionalism in public administration? Through studying the rational of the phenomena for actors directly affected by it, the findings indicate that cultural professionalism is a way to communicate information and legitimise implementation towards minority groups. The cultural professionals use their trustworthiness within the group to link implementation and information from public administration towards the group, and information from the group towards public administration. This information also has a socialising potential. The trust is however particularised, i.e. not bridged to public administration. Problematic logics discovered in the material are evaluated towards the three values of public administration: democracy, rule of law and efficiency. In sum, cultural professionals imply trade-offs for democracy and rule of law, and appears to favour efficiency. Lastly, cultural professionalism is described and defined as a “new” ideal type legitimacy model in policy implementation.

Abstract THE IMPACT OF ENABLING SCHOOL STRUCTURES ON THE DEGREE OF INTERNAL SCHOOL CHANGE AS MEASURED BY THE IMPLEMENTATION OF PROFESSIONAL LEARNING COMMUNITIES By Joseph D. Tylus, Ph.D. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2009 Major Director: Dr. William C. Bosher Distinguished Professor, G. Wilder School of Policy Adjunct Professor, VCU School of Education This non-experimental, correlational study looked at the relationship between bureaucratic structures in middle and high schools in bringing about change in individual teacher classroom instructional practices through the centralized directive of membership in a professional learning community. Using a continuum of bureaucratic structure, from enabling to hindering, designed by Hoy and Sweetland (2001), each teacher identified the type of bureaucratic structure they believed they operated within. The teacher participants responded to a questionnaire on how involved they were and to what degree they participated with colleagues in a professional learning community during the current school year. Further, they were asked how membership in a professional learning community influenced, if at all, their instructional practices. A regression analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between enabling bureaucratic structure and a higher degree of teacher personal professional growth. A regression analysis also demonstrated a statistically significant relationship between enabling bureaucratic structure and change in instructional practices in the classroom associated with membership in a professional learning community. However, while the analyses found statistical significance, the actual effect size was low, challenging the level of practical significance of the model. One interaction of interest related to teachers who teach courses where there is a state mandated end-of-course test that impacts the school’s adequate yearly progress (AYP) rating. Teachers in this group reported the highest level of change in their classroom instructional practices through membership in a professional learning community when they perceived a more enabling bureaucratic structure for the school in which they worked. Hopefully these results will help encourage future work that pertains to which bureaucratic structures are most effective in producing change in the classroom through the use of professional learning communities. The dissertation was created using Microsoft Word 2003.

Este trabalho discute a concepção sobre democracia presente na obra de Karl Popper, Joseph Schumpeter, Friedrich Haeyk e Ludwig Von Mises. A idéia principal da argumentação é que todos os autores realizam a defesa do que Popper nomeou como sociedade aberta, apesar das diferenças de abordagem teórica e de posição política existentes entre eles. No primeiro capítulo será apresentada a concepção de Popper sobre democracia destacando-se o conceito de sociedade aberta que foi cunhado pelo autor e as suas implicações nos temas que são considerados fundamentais pelo autor: a relação entre sociedade aberta e socialismo, as mudanças sociais na sociedade aberta, tradição versus revolução, burocracia e sociedade aberta. No segundo capítulo será apresentada a concepção de Schumpeter sobre democracia e será discutido quanto ela pode ser aproximada do conceito de sociedade aberta cunhado por Popper comparando-se as implicações das idéias de Schumpeter para os mesmos temas fundamentais discutidos no capítulo sobre Popper. No terceiro capítulo será seguida a mesma estrutura do segundo, só que agora em relação a Hayek e no quarto capítulo em relação a Mises. Na conclusão será avaliado o conceito de sociedade aberta agora sob a amplitude de ser um modo de reunir autores que, apesar de suas diferenças e certamente sem terem realizado qualquer orquestração maior de suas idéias políticas, podem ser tratados como formando quase que uma ?escola austríaca? de defesa de uma certa interpretação da democracia. / This thesis discusses the conception of democracy as presented in works by Karl Popper, Joseph Schumpeter, Friedrich Hayek and Ludwig Von Mises. The main point of argumentation is based on the hypothesis that, despite the differences in both theoretical approaches and political preferences, all the authors support the concept of open society coined by Popper. In the first chapter, it will be introduced the Popper\'s conception of democracy focusing on his concept of open society as well as its implications for what he considers to be fundamental themes: the relation between open society and socialism, social changes in open society, tradition versus revolution, bureaucracy and open society. In the second chapter, the conception of democracy as discussed by Schumpeter will be introduced and it will be discussed how near it becomes to Popper\'s concept of open society when we compare the implications of the ideas of Schumpeter and Popper for the same fundamental themes discussed in the previous chapter. In the third and forth chapters, it will be followed the same structure of the second one for presenting the other two authors: Hayek and von Mises. In the conclusion, it will be evaluated the concept of open society taken in a wide sense as a mode of putting together authors that, in spite of their differences and considering that they did not promote any orchestration of their political ideas, can be treated as though they were part of an \"Austrian school\" of defense of a certain interpretation of democracy.

Introdução - No período de agosto de 2009 a setembro de 2015, doze trabalhadores morreram atropelados por trem durante exercício do labor. Pelas análises dos acidentes realizadas pela empresa de transporte ferroviário de passageiros, todas as vítimas descumpriram os normas e os procedimentos de segurança. Para solucionar o problema, a empresa propôs que os trabalhadores atendam integralmente a todos os procedimentos e normas. Objetivos - Mediar o processo de análise do trabalho feito pelos próprios trabalhadores de uma empresa pública de transporte ferroviário de passageiros, de modo a compreender e desvelar situações críticas do cotidiano de trabalho dos operadores que podem estar relacionadas às causas dos atropelamentos de trabalhadores em via férrea. Método - Análise Coletiva do Trabalho - ACT, foram realizadas duas reuniões. Resultados - A organização do trabalho está baseada em princípios da administração científica de Taylor. Pela percepção dos maquinistas e dos técnicos de manutenção de superestrutura, eles são excluídos do processo de formulação do procedimentos, o que implica no distanciamento e na fragilização da confiança entre quem planeja e executa. Conclusão - O método da ACT permitiu desvelar as dimensões da dominação burocrática presente no cotidiano dos ferroviários. / Introduction - Between August 2009 and September 2015, twelve workers were killed by train during their work. From the analysis of the accidents carried out by the passenger rail company, all victims failed to comply with safety standards and procedures. To solve the problem, the company proposed that employees comply fully with all procedures and standards. Objectives - To mediate the process of analyzing the work done by the employees of a public railway transport company, in order to understand and uncover critical situations in the daily work of the operators that may be related to the causes of trampling of workers on the railroad . Method - Collective Labor Analysis, two meetings were held. Results - The organization of the work is based on principles of Taylor\'s scientific management. By the perception of the machinists and superstructure maintenance technicians, they are excluded from the process of formulating the procedures, which implies distancing and weakening trust between planners and executives. Conclusion - The ACT method allowed to reveal the dimensions of the bureaucratic domination present in the everyday life of the railway workers.

This dissertation examines administrative roles within the context of everyday public administration. Specifically, it studies the relationship between administrative roles assumed by public administrators and (1) the perceived presence of administrative discretion, (2) individual level beliefs regarding involvement in policy formulation and (3) tenure with organization. This dissertation has a three-fold purpose. First, it delineates the types of roles assumed by public procurement specialists. Second, it tests whether administrative discretion, beliefs regarding participation in policy formulation and organizational tenure are significant in explaining the assumption of certain types of roles. Finally, the dissertation evaluates the implications for the public procurement process of the predominance of certain roles. vi The theoretical logic for this dissertation draws on the theory of representative bureaucracy and role theory. ... It is found that administrative discretion, individual expectations and organizational tenure are indeed important predictors of the assumption of administrative roles. Administrators who believe that they have access to relatively high levels of discretion and those who believe they should be involved in policy formulation are more likely to assume a representative type role. On the other hand, with increased tenure public administrators are less likely to assume a representative type role. / by Alexandru Vasile Roman. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2013. / Includes bibliography. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / System requirements: Adobe Reader.

Introdução - No período de agosto de 2009 a setembro de 2015, doze trabalhadores morreram atropelados por trem durante exercício do labor. Pelas análises dos acidentes realizadas pela empresa de transporte ferroviário de passageiros, todas as vítimas descumpriram os normas e os procedimentos de segurança. Para solucionar o problema, a empresa propôs que os trabalhadores atendam integralmente a todos os procedimentos e normas. Objetivos - Mediar o processo de análise do trabalho feito pelos próprios trabalhadores de uma empresa pública de transporte ferroviário de passageiros, de modo a compreender e desvelar situações críticas do cotidiano de trabalho dos operadores que podem estar relacionadas às causas dos atropelamentos de trabalhadores em via férrea. Método - Análise Coletiva do Trabalho - ACT, foram realizadas duas reuniões. Resultados - A organização do trabalho está baseada em princípios da administração científica de Taylor. Pela percepção dos maquinistas e dos técnicos de manutenção de superestrutura, eles são excluídos do processo de formulação do procedimentos, o que implica no distanciamento e na fragilização da confiança entre quem planeja e executa. Conclusão - O método da ACT permitiu desvelar as dimensões da dominação burocrática presente no cotidiano dos ferroviários. / Introduction - Between August 2009 and September 2015, twelve workers were killed by train during their work. From the analysis of the accidents carried out by the passenger rail company, all victims failed to comply with safety standards and procedures. To solve the problem, the company proposed that employees comply fully with all procedures and standards. Objectives - To mediate the process of analyzing the work done by the employees of a public railway transport company, in order to understand and uncover critical situations in the daily work of the operators that may be related to the causes of trampling of workers on the railroad . Method - Collective Labor Analysis, two meetings were held. Results - The organization of the work is based on principles of Taylor\'s scientific management. By the perception of the machinists and superstructure maintenance technicians, they are excluded from the process of formulating the procedures, which implies distancing and weakening trust between planners and executives. Conclusion - The ACT method allowed to reveal the dimensions of the bureaucratic domination present in the everyday life of the railway workers.

Thesis. 1977. Ph.D.--Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Alfred P. Sloan School of Management. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND DEWEY. / Includes bibliographical references. / Ph.D.

Typescript, etc. / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries

This thesis examines the transformation of work in two public sector organisations, the Commonwealth Employment Service and the Department of Social Security. The analysis considers the impact of organisational and technological change on operational staff at Administrative Service Officer 3 level within these agencies. The relationship between these changes, managerial control and the degree of alienation experienced by staff is highlighted. Considerable transformation of the labour process of workers in both organisations is evident. The most significant cause of these transformations has been facilitated by new technology. New technology has facilitated the reorganisation of work and permitted government policies to reorient the focus of these agencies. In both, a more professional relationship is being fostered between clients and staff, not only through government programs but also through a quality service emphasis. A close relationship between clients and public servants was contrary to all traditional notions of bureaucracy, where impersonality and impartiality are highlighted. This change in focus has been facilitated in the CES by circumstances which rendered newer staff unprepared in the face of increasing client numbers, inadequate training and constantly changing government policy. Staff under these circumstances resorted to empathetic behaviours and emotional labour to offset their deficiencies. These behaviours have now been incorporated into organisational practices. The emotional labour has become regulated empathy. In the DSS regulated empathy has been imposed upon staff as an outcome of new technology facilitating job redesign, and government policy requirements. The utilisation of emotional labour in the DSS is in an embryonic stage consistent with it having been imposed upon workers who were previously all but invisible to their clients. Regulated empathy is argued to be a new type of managerial control in the public sector, incorporating aspects of the worker's personality into the wage-effort bargain. Management has invaded spaces which were once private and has incorporated these into the labour process. Furthermore, it is concluded that the incorporation of these aspects into the wage-effort bargain has the potential to create incompatibilities between constructed work identities and non-work identities, resulting in psychological harm to workers.