Tez (Yüksek Lisans) - Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, İktisat Anabilim Dalı, 2008. / Bibliyografya var.

The thesis is focused on exchange rate policy of the Czech Republic. Its goal is to analyze this policy in connection with reaching an external balance of the economy and also from the point of view of its role during transformation in the Czech Republic. The common European currency and its possible introduction in the Czech Republic is also an issue associated with the exchange rate policy. At the beginning, basic terms and related theoretical approaches are introduced and in the next part, balance of payments approaches are analyzed using selected examples. The following chapter deals with exchange rate policy transformation process in Czechoslovakia and then in the Czech Republic. The last part is aimed at European monetary integration and especially at potential Czech accession to the euro area.

This diploma thesis focuses on changes in the external balance of Portugal, Italy, Greece and Spain in the period of financial and economic crisis after 2008. The theoretical framework is based on an exact definition of external balance, ultimately as neither surplus nor deficit of a relevant balance in terms of balance of payments. Potential impacts of monetary and fiscal policies on the external balance are described there as well, using the IS-LM-BP model. The second part of the thesis, which employs this theory, is mainly based on an analysis of relevant balances of payments of the aforementioned countries, focusing on their external balance in the period before as well as during the economic crisis. The aim of the analysis is to identify the main causes of external imbalance in the Southern European countries and to find out whether these played a key role as a trigger and accelerator in their recession after 2008. Specific changes during the crisis identified in balances of payments will also be depicted in the IS-LM-BP model. Leading to the conclusion, the outcomes of a correlation analysis are used as well, looking into causal relationships between specific balance of payments variables on the one hand, and macroeconomic variables on the other. A minor part also deals with the role played in this context by the TARGET2 payment system and answers the question to which extent this system took part in the elimination of the external imbalance of the Southern European countries during the crisis.

The main purpose of this study is to empirically assess the relationship between inflation and economic growth in Ethiopia using quarterly dataset from 1992Q1 to 2010Q4. In doing so, an interesting policy issue arises. What is the threshold level of inflation for the Ethiopian economy? Based on the Engle-Granger and Johansen co-integration tests it is found out that there is a positive long-run relationship between inflation and economic growth. The error correction models show that in cases of short-run disequilibrium, the inflation model adjusts itself to its long-run path correcting roughly 40% of the imbalance in each quarter. In addition, based on the conditional least square technique, the estimated threshold model suggests 10% as the optimal level of inflation that facilitates growth. An inflation level higher or lower than the threshold level of inflation affects the economic growth negatively and hence fiscal and monetary policy coordination is vital to keep inflation at the threshold. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)

The principle of effective demand states that given endogenous expenditure patterns, the level of exogenous expenditure determines the level of employment. If investment represents the sole form of exogenous expenditure, employment adjusts to the level of investment. If exogenous expenditure changes, equilibrium is restored via the equilibrating variable, employment. If employment is linked in a unique way to income, we have what is referred to as the income adjustment process. The income adjustment process is investigated in a closed and a small open economy (SOE) which imports consumption and capital goods. If a SOE imports its capital goods, the causal link between investment and employment is weakened. When capital goods are imported, investment adjusts to the balance of payments and animal spirits are constrained. Certain South African data are analysed within the framework of the income adjustment process. / M.A.(Economics)

Diploma thesis deals with the development of external economic balance (particularly balance of payments) of Visegrad Countries in the years 2008-2010. The first chapter introduces the theory of the external economic balance. The second chapter describes the development of balance of payments of of Visegrad Countries in the years 2008-2010, common elements and differences between particular countries, basic trends, and the development during the given period of time.

The main purpose of this study is to empirically assess the relationship between inflation and economic growth in Ethiopia using quarterly dataset from 1992Q1 to 2010Q4. In doing so, an interesting policy issue arises. What is the threshold level of inflation for the Ethiopian economy? Based on the Engle-Granger and Johansen co-integration tests it is found out that there is a positive long-run relationship between inflation and economic growth. The error correction models show that in cases of short-run disequilibrium, the inflation model adjusts itself to its long-run path correcting roughly 40% of the imbalance in each quarter. In addition, based on the conditional least square technique, the estimated threshold model suggests 10% as the optimal level of inflation that facilitates growth. An inflation level higher or lower than the threshold level of inflation affects the economic growth negatively and hence fiscal and monetary policy coordination is vital to keep inflation at the threshold. / Economics / M. Com. (Economics)

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Andre Galhardo Fernandes.pdf: 1640801 bytes, checksum: c007b11879c8633edbc5b47562a84bb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-03-19 / The objective of this study is to evaluate the structural changes to which sub-Saharan Africa has been subjected. Among its main points are the relationship between foreign direct investment, and how it changed the productive structure of the studied countries. With a sizeable real growth, sub-Saharan Africa has drawn the attention of investors and, as we shall see, the GDP growth was also accompanied by growth of FDI's. In order to address relevant issues in this study, from the 49 countries present in sub-Saharan Africa only ten were selected. However, the national aggregate output of these ten countries amount more than 80% of the GDP of the region in 2013, according to the World Bank. Therefore, it is indeed a small sample from the point of view of the number of countries covered, but it does not loose the economic dimension that Africa has. In recent studies, much is said about African growth. In fact, the growth in the 2000s stands out, even though it is often calculated on very small bases compared to the central and transitional countries. Therefore, this dissertation proposes to conduct an analysis of how the macroeconomic growth and FDI inflows have changed the African structure and thus answer questions about the role of Africa after this growth and how trade and financial relations with the center countries have occurred; that is, answer questions that do not arise when gross domestic product alone is analyzed / O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar as mudanças estruturais às quais foi submetida a África Subsaariana. Entre os principais pontos abordados estão a relação entre os investimentos diretos externos e no que esses investimentos modificaram a estrutura produtiva dos países estudados. Com crescimentos reais vultosos, a África Subsaariana tem chamado a atenção dos investidores e, como veremos, o crescimento do produto interno bruto (PIB) foi acompanhado de crescimento dos investimentos diretos estrangeiros. (IDE). A fim de abordar pontos de relevância neste trabalho, dos 49 países presentes na África Subsaariana foram selecionados apenas dez; no entanto, o produto nacional agregado destes dez países compôs mais de 80% do PIB desta região em 2013, segundo o Banco Mundial. Trata-se, portanto, de uma amostra reduzida do ponto de vista do número de países abordados, mas sem perder a dimensão econômica que a África tem. Em estudos recentes, muito se diz sobre o crescimento africano. De fato, o crescimento verificado na década de 2000 é digno de nota, mesmo sendo muitas vezes calculado sobre bases muito pequenas em comparação com as dos países do centro ou em transição. Assim sendo, este trabalho se propõe a realizar uma análise da maneira como o crescimento macroeconômico e os ingressos de IDE têm mudado a estrutura africana e, diante disso, responder questões sobre o papel da África após esse crescimento, e também da maneira como as relações comerciais e financeiras têm acontecido com os países do centro enfim, a responder questões que não se apresentam quando analisado somente o produto interno bruto

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:49:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Paulo Van Noije.pdf: 2887986 bytes, checksum: 3ddc1dc0976b1193c00fcbdd97eca207 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-06-21 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This paper analyzes the external vulnerability of the Brazilian economy, especially in the financial sphere, arising from the International Investment Position and the flow of income for the period 1953 to 1963. Therefore, it is reported that the stocks of external assets and liabilities are determined by the balance of current account (obtained from the Balance of Payments) and the variations of the same value (which can not be obtained by the Balance of Payments), and presents a methodology alternative to the simple sum of flows to infer the values of liabilities and foreign assets, especially stocks of Foreign Direct Investment. In chapter 2 presents the International Situation of the period, marked by shortage of foreign currency, in a context which secured a strong growth through the Plano de Metas and incentives for foreign investment. Additionally, we demonstrated the reforms of the exchange period. Finally, the last chapter makes an analysis of key Balance of Payments for the period and an attempt of elaboration of the International Investment Position resulting from these flows and changes in value of inventories, obtained through the methodology presented in the first chapter. It is the deterioration of the external vulnerability of the Brazilian economy caused by the increase in net external liabilities. This increase was caused, according to the methodology employed, the proportion of: a) 68% because of shipping revenues, mainly by increasing the participation of interest at the expense of profits and dividends, b) 37% for other accounts current transactions except rents, c) and -5% for changes in value of stocks, especially by devaluations of foreign liabilities in the form of Foreign Direct Investment. Thus, the International Investment Position estimated during the period amounted to -6% in 1953 to -16% of Gross Domestic Product in 1963, due to the decrease in international reserves and the large increase of foreign debt, causing the resilience to external shocks of the Brazilian economy falls / Este trabalho busca analisar a vulnerabilidade externa da economia brasileira, especialmente na esfera financeira, decorrente da Posição Internacional de Investimentos e do fluxo de rendas para o período de 1953 a 1963. Para tanto, é descrito que os estoques de passivos e ativos externos são determinados pelos saldos das transações correntes (obtidos pelo Balanço de Pagamentos) e pelas variações de valor dos mesmos (que não podem ser obtidas pelo Balanço de Pagamentos), sendo apresentada uma metodologia alternativa ao simples somatório de fluxos para inferir os valores dos passivos e ativos externos, especialmente no caso dos estoques dos Investimentos Estrangeiros Diretos. Já no capítulo 2 apresenta-se a Conjuntura Internacional do período, marcada pela situação de escassez de divisas, num contexto que lograva obter um forte crescimento através do Plano de Metas e de estímulos aos investimentos estrangeiros. Adicionalmente, são demonstradas as reformas cambiais do período. Por fim, no último capítulo faz-se uma análise das principais contas do Balanço de Pagamentos para o período e uma tentativa de elaboração da Posição Internacional de Investimentos decorrentes desses fluxos e das alterações de valor desses estoques, obtida através da metodologia apresentada no primeiro capítulo. Conclui-se pela deterioração da vulnerabilidade externa da economia brasileira causada pelo aumento do passivo externo líquido. Esse aumento foi causado, de acordo com a metodologia empregada, pela proporção de: a) 68% por causa do envio de rendas, principalmente pela elevação da participação dos juros em detrimento dos lucros e dividendos; b) em 37% pelas outras contas das transações correntes exceto rendas; c) e em -5% pelas variações de valor dos estoques, especialmente pelas desvalorizações dos passivos externos na forma de Investimentos Estrangeiros Diretos. Assim, a Posição Internacional de Investimentos estimada durante o período se elevou de -6%, em 1953, para -16% do Produto Interno Bruto em 1963, decorrente da queda das reservas internacionais e do grande aumento da dívida externa, fazendo com que a capacidade de resistência a choques externos da economia brasileira diminuísse

The objective of this thesis is to analyse relations between the United States and China on the current and financial account of the balance of payments in the quantitative and the qualitative point of view and to evaluate the impact of mutual operations on the external equilibrium. The partial objective of the thesis is to create the entry analysis for assessment of the global imbalances of the current accounts. Current external imbalances and mutual trade and investment relations between the USA and China are the key factors of the global imbalances. The thesis is divided into two chapters. The first chapter is theoretical and it is divided into two component parts. The first part is dedicated to the definition of single components of the balance of payments (current, financial and capital account), to its determinants and to mutual relations. The balance of payments theory is based on IMF's methodology. In the second part of the first chapter are introduced the main approaches to the balance of payments, the income (keynesian, multiplier), price (elasticity) and monetary approach. The analysis of the relations in terms of balance of payments is presented in the second chapter. The current account relations are assessed in the first part of the second chapter with the focus on domestic savings, investment, processing trade and effect of the Chinese monetary policy on mutual relations. The second part of the thesis deals with financial account matters, especially with Chinese build-up of the foreign exchange, American federal debt and character of the investment that flows between the USA and China.