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Dissulfeto isomerase proteica como via integrativa entre estresse oxidativo e resposta a proteínas mal-enoveladas na reparação à lesão vascular / Protein disulfide isomerase as an integrative way between oxidative stress and unfolded protein response during vascular repair to injuryLeonardo Yuji Tanaka 23 January 2014 (has links)
O remodelamento vascular é um determinante fundamental do lúmen em doenças vasculares, porém os mecanismos envolvidos não estão completamente elucidados. Nós investigamos o papel da chaperona redox residente do retículo endoplasmático Dissulfeto Isomerase Proteica (PDI) e sua fração localizada na superfície celular (peri/epicelular=pecPDI) no calibre e arquitetura vascular durante reparação à lesão. Em artérias ilíacas de coelho submetidas à lesão in vivo, houve importante aumento do mRNA e expressão proteica (~25x aumento 14 dias pós-lesão vs. controle) da PDI. O silenciamento da PDI por siRNA (cultura de órgãos) acentuou o estresse do retículo e apoptose, diferentemente da inibição da pecPDI com anticorpo neutralizante (PDI Ab). Bloqueio in vivo da pecPDI por aplicação de gel perivascular contendo PDI Ab no 12° dia após lesão, com análise após 48 h, promoveu ca.25% redução no calibre vascular analisado por arteriografia e diminuição similar na área total do vaso detectada por tomografia de coerência óptica. Neste processo, não ocorreu alteração no tamanho da neoíntima, indicando assim, que PDI Ab acentuou remodelamento constrictivo. Neutralização da pecPDI promoveu importantes alterações na arquitetura da matriz de colágeno e citoesqueleto, resultando em fibras com orientação invertida e desorganizadas. Diminuição na produção de espécies reativas de oxigênio e óxidos de nitrogênio também ocorreu. Análise de propriedades viscoelásticas nas artérias indicou redução na ductilidade vascular, evidenciada pela menor distância para ruptura. As alterações subcelulares no citoesqueleto observadas in vivo após PDI Ab foram recapituladas em um modelo de estiramento cíclico em células musculares lisas vasculares, com importante redução na formação das fibras de estresse. Em modelo de migração randômica de células musculares lisas, a exposição a PDI Ab reduziu a resiliência de regulação da polaridade. Embora a neutralização da pecPDI não tenha afetado a atividade global de RhoA, ela promoveu alterações no padrão de marcação em resposta ao estiramento, na redistribuição de RhoA na superfície celular e na associação com regiões contendo caveolina. Além disso, em aterosclerose nativa em humanos, a expressão da PDI correlacionou-se inversamente com remodelamento constrictivo. Dessa forma, PDI é fortemente expressa após a lesão e sua fração peri/epicelular remodela a arquitetura da matriz e citoesqueleto, promovendo um efeito anti-remodelamento constrictivo / Whole-vessel remodeling is a critical lumen caliber determinant in vascular disease, but underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. We investigated the role of endoplasmic reticulum chaperone Protein Disulfide Isomerase(PDI) and cell-surface PDI(peri/epicellular=pecPDI) pool in vascular caliber and architecture during vascular repair after injury(AI). After rabbit iliac artery balloon injury, there was marked increase in PDI mRNA and protein (25-fold vs. basal at day 14AI), with increase in both intracellular and pecPDI. Silencing PDI by siRNA (organ culture) induced ER stress augmentation and apoptosis, contrarily to pecPDI neutralization with PDI-antibody(PDI Ab). PecPDI neutralization in vivo with PDIAb-containing perivascular gel from days 12-14AI promoted ca.25% decrease in vascular caliber at arteriography and similar decreases in total vessel circumference at optical coherence tomography, without changing neointima, indicating increased constrictive remodeling. PecPDI neutralization promoted marked changes in collagen and cytoskeleton architecture, with inverted fiber orientation and disorganization. Decreased ROS and nitrogen oxide production also occurred. Viscoelastic artery properties assessment showed decreased ductility, evidenced by decreased distance to rupture. Subcellular cytoskeletal disruption by PDI Ab was recapitulated in vascular smooth muscle cell stretch model, with marked decrease in stress fiber buildup. Also, PDI Ab incubation promoted decreased regulation resilience of vascular smooth muscle migration properties. While pecPDI neutralization did not affect global RhoA activity, there was altered RhoA redistribution to the cell surface and association with caveolin-containing clusters, which mislocalized after stretch. In human coronary atheromas, PDI expression inversely correlated with constrictive remodeling. Thus, strongly-expressed PDI after injury reshapes matrix and cytoskeleton architecture to support an anticonstrictive remodeling effect
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Hodnocení uchazečů o zaměstnání použitím neurověd / Evaluation of Job Applicants Using NeuroscienceBank, Tomáš January 2017 (has links)
This thesis deals with the possibility to evaluate cognitive and emotional traits and their relations to job positions and functions. The basis is to create a set of tests which could be used during a hiring procedure while deciding among candidates. It also suggests how to classify users based on a set of tests and thereby provide support in choosing the right job. The thesis gives a brief outlook of individually tested traits, describes a proposal of a web application and its implementation, describes implementation of neural network classifier and presents obtained results.
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Mathematical modeling of the dynamic yarn path depending on spindle speed in a ring spinning processHossain, Mahmud, Telke, Christian, Abdkader, Anwar, Cherif, Chokri, Beitelschmidt, Michael 18 September 2019 (has links)
This paper presents a mathematical model to predict the distribution of yarn tension and the balloon shape as a function of spindle speed in the ring spinning process. The dynamic yarn path from the delivery rollers to the winding point on the cop has been described with a non-linear differential equation system. These equations have been integrated with a Runge–Kutta method using MATLAB software. Since the numerical solution of the equations strongly depends on initial values, an algorithm of sensitivity analysis has been developed to predict the right choice of initial values in order to find a stable solution. For model validation purposes, the yarn tension has been measured between delivery rollers and yarn guide. Furthermore, a high-speed camera has been used to capture the balloon shape at different spindle angular velocities in order to compare the theoretically determined balloon shape with the one that actually occurs on the machine.
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Winging It: Human Flight in the Long Eighteenth CenturyJones, Jared January 2019 (has links)
No description available.
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Ενδοαγγειακή απεικόνιση των αγγείων κάτωθεν του βουβωνικού συνδέσμου με Οπτική Συνεκτική Τομογραφία (Optical Coherence Tomography)Παρασκευόπουλος, Ιωάννης 18 June 2014 (has links)
Η οπτική συνεκτική τομογραφία με τη χρήση συχνοτήτων ( FD-OCT) είναι μια ενδαγγειακή απεικονιστική μέθοδος που χρησιμοποιεί εγγύς στο υπέρυθρο φως, για να παράγει υψηλής ανάλυσης εικόνες του τοιχώματος του αυλού του αγγείου. Όπως και στην τεχνολογία υπερήχων, εκπέμπεται φωτεινή ενέργεια η οποία ανακλάται και εξασθενεί, σύμφωνα με την υφή του προσπιπτομένου ιστού. Το OCT μπορεί να απεικονίσει, με ανάλυση από 10 έως 20 μm, μικροδομές του αγγειακού τοιχώματος με εξαίσια λεπτομέρεια. Μέχρι σήμερα, η δυνατότητα εφαρμογής της μεθόδου είχε περιοριστεί σε μικρές αρτηρίες διαμέτρου έως 4mm και δεν είχε εφαρμοστεί in vivo στα αγγεία των κάτω άκρων, κάτωθεν του επιπέδου των βουβώνων.
Σκοπός της παρούσας μελέτης είναι να αναφερθεί για παγκοσμίως πρώτη φορά η ασφάλεια και η σκοπιμότητα της απεικόνισης με Οπτική Συνεκτική Τομογραφία του αρτηριακού άξονα των κάτω άκρων , κάτωθεν του επιπέδου της βουβώνας ( μηροϊγνυακός άξονας και κνημιαία αγγεία), καθώς και οι σχετιζόμενες με το FD-OCT επιπλοκές. Επιπρόσθετα, να διερευνηθούν για πρώτη φορά, με τη χρήση FD-OCT, τα χαρακτηριστικά του αγγειακού τοιχώματος του ανωτέρω άξονα (τόσο πριν όσο και μετά από αγγειοπλαστική ή/και τοποθέτηση stent), η μορφολογία της αθηρωματικής πλάκας, η μορφολογία και η ποσοτικοποίηση της υπερπλασίας του νέου εσωτερικού χιτώνα (neointima) εντός του stent, η επαναστένωση εντός του stent (ISR) και η κακή εναπόθεση (malapposition) των stent struts σε μια σειρά από ασθενείς που πάσχουν από περιφερική αρτηριοπάθεια (PAD).
Μελετήθηκαν, με ποσοτική ανάλυση του αυλού τους (Quantitative vascular analysis), αρτηρίες με διάμετρο έως 7 χιλιοστά. Μικτά χαρακτηριστικά από περιοχές πλούσιες σε λιπίδια, εναποθέσεις ασβεστίου και ασβεστοποιημένες πλάκες, νεκρωτικές περιοχές και ίνωση εντοπίστηκαν σε όλες τις απεικονιζόμενες αθηροσκληρωτικές βλάβες. Ωστόσο, με βάση το επικρατέστερο από τα παραπάνω απεικονιστικά χαρακτηριστικά, οι βλάβες στο πλαίσιο της έρευνας ταξινομήθηκαν ως αμιγώς ινωτικές, ως ινοασβεστοποιημένες, ως πλούσιες σε λιπίδια και τέλος ως νεκρωτικές/ασβεστοποιημένες. Συσσώρευση των μακροφάγων εντός της αθηρωματικής πλάκας σημειώθηκε σε μικρό ποσοστό των de novo αθηρωματικών αλλοιώσεων. Ποικίλοι βαθμοί υπερπλασίας του νέου έσω χιτώνα απεικονίσθηκαν σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις ISR αλλοιώσεων, με καθαρά ινωτικά χαρακτηριστικά και σημαντική νεοαγγείωση σε κάποιες από αυτές. Η νεοαγγείωση συνέπεσε με το επίπεδο της μέγιστης στένωσης του αγγειακού αυλού. Σημαντικού βαθμού διαχωρισμός με μεγάλο περιορισμό του αγγειακού αυλού, τέτοιος ώστε να απαιτηθεί να τοποθετηθεί ενδοαυλικό stent, ανιχνεύθηκε σε αρκετές περιπτώσεις της de novo αθηρωμάτωσης. Η ψηφιακή αφαιρετική αγγειογραφία παρέλειψε να προσδιορίσει μεγάλο ποσοστό των σοβαρών διαχωρισμών μετά από αγγειοπλαστική.
Η νεοαθηροσκλήρυνση εντός του νέου έσω χιτώνα των κνημιαίων φαρμακευτικών stents (DES), είναι ένα συχνό εύρημα τόσο στους συμπτωματικούς όσο και στους ασυμπτωματικούς ασθενείς. Μπορούμε να υποθέσουμε ότι, κατά αναλογία με τα εμφυτευμένα DES στα στεφανιαία αγγεία, η ελαττωματική ενδοθηλιοποίηση που προκαλείται από την εκλυόμενη φαρμακευτική ουσία, μαζί με την νεοαγγείωση που αναπτύσσεται μεταξύ των stent struts, μπορούν να υποδαυλίσουν την νεοαθηροσκλήρυνση εντός του νέου έσω χιτώνα των κνημιαίων DES, η οποία μπορεί να οδηγήσει σε επαναστένωση εντός του stent (ISR) και απώλεια του εμβαδού του αυλού των περιφερικών αρτηριών. Οι παρατηρήσεις της μελέτης αυτής θέτουν σε αμφισβήτηση το παραδοσιακό τρόπο κατανόησης της περιφερειακής επαναστένωσης εντός του stent ως μιας απλής υπερπολλαπλασιαστικής απάντησης στο βαρότραυμα.
Η απεικόνιση με FD-OCT είναι ένα βέλτιστο πειραματικό εργαλείο για την αξιολόγηση της εξέλιξης της αθηροσκληρωματικής νόσου και την επαναστένωση του αγγείου. Μπορεί να παρέχει υψηλής ευκρίνειας ενδοαγγειακή απεικόνιση κατά τη διάρκεια αγγειοπλαστικών επεμβάσεων στα κάτω άκρα και θα μπορούσε να αποδειχθεί κλινικά χρήσιμο για τον προσδιορισμό της εντός του stent πρόπτωσης ιστού και του strut malapposition. Παρ 'όλα αυτά, δεν πρέπει να χρησιμοποιηθεί ως εργαλείο για τη συνήθη κλινική πρακτική μέχρι να προκύψουν στοιχεία από περαιτέρω κλινικές δοκιμές για τον καθορισμό των ειδικών ενδείξεων της απεικόνισης με FD-OCT στις περιφερικές αρτηρίες. / Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a catheter-based imaging method that employs near-infrared light to produce high-resolution intravascular images. OCT can readily visualize vessel microstructure at a 10- to 20-μm resolution with exquisite detail. To date, however, applicability of the method has been limited to small diameter arteries (≤4 mm).
To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study is the first worldwide that demonstrates the safety and clinical feasibility of frequency domain Optical Coherence Tomography (FD-OCT) imaging of infrainguinal vessels in vivo during infrainguinal angioplasty procedures. It is also the first study that reports the use of intravascular FD-OCT to detect and characterize in-stent neointimal tissue following infrapopliteal drug eluting stent (DES) placement in patients suffering from critical limb ischemia.
Quantitative lumen analysis of arteries with diameter up to 7 mm was performed. High-resolution OCT images provided exquisite two-dimensional axial and longitudinal views of the infrainguinal arteries and allowed thorough investigation of a variety of angioplasty sequela, including and not limited to intimal tears and dissection flaps, white and red thrombus, stent mesh malapposition, and intrastent plaque prolapse. Of interest, OCT identified cases of suboptimal postangioplasty outcome that single-plane subtraction angiography did not recognize and accounted. Mixed features of lipid pool areas, calcium deposits and calcified plaques, necrotic areas, and fibrosis were identified in all of the imaged atherosclerotic lesions. However, based on the predominant baseline imaging findings, lesions under investigation were classified as purely fibrotic, fibrocalcific, mostly lipid-laden and necrotic/calcified. Intraplaque accumulation of macrophages was noted in some of de novo atheromatic lesions. Varying degrees of neointimal hyperplasia were demonstrated in all cases of in stent restenosis (ISR) lesions with purely fibrotic features and considerable neovascularization in some of them. The latter finding coincided with the level of maximum vessel stenosis in all cases.
Neoatherosclerosis following infrapopliteal DES placement is a frequent finding in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Our preliminary observations allow us to speculate that analogous to coronary implanted DES, defective endothelialization induced by the eluted drug, along with neovascularization developing between the stent struts, may incite neointimal neoatherosclerosis, which may result in ISR and lumen loss of the peripheral arteries. It also seems that infrapopliteal neoatherosclerosis may be a significant contributing factor for ISR rather than a minor and sporadic process, highlighting the clinical significance of the phenomenon.
Our observations put in dispute the traditional way of understanding peripheral in-stent restenosis as a simple hyperproliferative response to barotraumas and may explain the paramount importance of aggressive risk factor modification strategies. Neointimal neoatherosclerosis as identified by FD-OCT may have a role in the development of below-the-knee restenosis and thus warrants further investigation by larger controlled studies. Moreover, it may prove clinically useful for the determination of intrastent tissue prolapse and strut malapposition. FD-OCT should not be utilized as a tool for routine clinical practice until evidence from further clinical trials emerge to determine the specific indications for OCT imaging of the peripheral arteries.
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